Characterizing temperature and water vapor of the environment using the standardized atmosphere generator (SAG) empirical model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Panfili ◽  
Hoang Dothe ◽  
John Gruninger ◽  
James Duff
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Empirical Model

An Empirical Model for Estimating Precipitable Water Vapor on the Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (1006) ◽  
pp. 125001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Qian ◽  
Yongqiang Yao ◽  
Lei Zou ◽  
Hongshuai Wang ◽  
Jia Yin
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Precipitable Water Vapor ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau

scholarly journals Attenuation of concentration fluctuations of water vapor and other trace gases in turbulent tube flow

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 9819-9853 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Massman ◽  
A. Ibrom
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Vapor Concentration ◽  
Tube Flow ◽  
Passive Tracer ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Radial Profiles ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Turbulent Tube Flow

Abstract. Recent studies with closed-path eddy covariance (EC) systems have indicated that the attenuation of fluctuations of water vapor concentration is dependent upon ambient relative humidity, presumably due to sorption/desorption of water molecules at the interior surface of the tube. Previous studies of EC-related tube attenuation effects have either not considered this issue at all or have only examined it superficially. Nonetheless, the attenuation of water vapor fluctuations is clearly much greater than might be expected from a passive tracer in turbulent tube flow. This study reexamines the turbulent tube flow issue for both passive and sorbing tracers with the intent of developing a physically-based semi-empirical model that describes the attenuation associated with water vapor fluctuations. Toward this end, we develop a new model of tube flow dynamics (radial profiles of the turbulent diffusivity and tube airstream velocity). We compare our new passive-tracer formulation with previous formulations in a systematic and unified way in order to assess how sensitive the passive-tracer results depend on fundamental modeling assumptions. We extend the passive tracer model to the vapor sorption/desorption case by formulating the model's wall boundary condition in terms of a physically-based semi-empirical model of the sorption/desorption vapor fluxes. Finally we synthesize all modeling and observational results into a single analytical expression that captures the effects of the mean ambient humidity and tube flow (Reynolds number) on tube attenuation.

scholarly journals An Empirical Model for Rainfall Maximums Conditioned to Tropospheric Water Vapor Over the Eastern Pacific Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Serrano-Vincenti ◽  
Thomas Condom ◽  
Lenin Campozano ◽  
Jessica Guamán ◽  
Marcos Villacís
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Eastern Pacific Ocean

scholarly journals Attenuation of concentration fluctuations of water vapor and other trace gases in turbulent tube flow

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (20) ◽  
pp. 6245-6259 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Massman ◽  
A. Ibrom
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Vapor Concentration ◽  
Tube Flow ◽  
Passive Tracer ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Radial Profiles ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Turbulent Tube Flow

Abstract. Recent studies with closed-path eddy covariance (EC) systems have indicated that the attenuation of fluctuations of water vapor concentration is dependent upon ambient relative humidity, presumably due to sorption/desorption of water molecules at the interior surface of the tube. Previous studies of EC-related tube attenuation effects have either not considered this issue at all or have only examined it superficially. Nonetheless, the attenuation of water vapor fluctuations is clearly much greater than might be expected from a passive tracer in turbulent tube flow. This study reexamines the turbulent tube flow issue for both passive and sorbing tracers with the intent of developing a physically-based semi-empirical model that describes the attenuation associated with water vapor fluctuations. Toward this end, we develop a new model of tube flow dynamics (radial profiles of the turbulent diffusivity and tube airstream velocity). We compare our new passive-tracer formulation with previous formulations in a systematic and unified way in order to assess how sensitive the passive-tracer results depend on fundamental modeling assumptions. We extend the passive tracer model to the vapor sorption/desorption case by formulating the model's wall boundary condition in terms of a physically-based semi-empirical model of the sorption/desorption vapor fluxes. Finally we synthesize all modeling and observational results into a single analytical expression that captures the effects of the mean ambient humidity and tube flow (Reynolds number) on tube attenuation.

scholarly journals Long-Term Variations of Global Solar Radiation and Atmospheric Constituents at Sodankylä in the Arctic

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Jianhui Bai ◽  
Anu Heikkilä ◽  
Xuemei Zong
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Tropospheric No2

An empirical model of global solar irradiance (EMGSI) under all sky conditions was developed by using solar radiation and meteorological parameters at Sodankylä. The calculated hourly global solar irradiance is in agreement with that observed at the ground during 2008–2011 and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). This model is used to calculate the global solar irradiance at the ground and its attenuation in the atmosphere due to absorbing and scattering substances in 2000–2018. The sensitivity test indicates that the responses of global solar irradiance to changes in water vapor and scattering factors are nonlinear and negative, and global solar irradiance is more sensitive to changes in scattering (expressed by the scattering factor S/G, S and G are diffuse and global solar radiation, respectively) than to changes in water vapor. Using this empirical model, we calculated the albedos at the TOA and the surface, which are in agreement with the satellite-retrieved values. A good relationship between S/G and aerosol optical depth (AOD) was determined and used to estimate AOD in 2000–2018. An empirical model for estimation of tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) was also developed and used to calculate tropospheric NO2 VCD in 2000–2018. During 2000–2018, the estimated global solar irradiance decreased by 0.92%, and diffuse irradiance increased by 1.28% per year, which is ascribed to the increases of S/G (1.73%) and water vapor (0.43%). Annual surface air temperature increases by 0.07 °C per year. Annual mean loss of global solar irradiance caused by absorbing and scattering substances and total loss are 1.94, 1.17 and 3.11 MJ m−2, respectively. Annual mean losses of absorbing and scattering global solar irradiance show negative and positive trends, respectively, and the annual total loss increases by 0.24% per year. Annual mean losses due to absorption were much larger than those due to scattering. The calculated albedos at the TOA are smaller than at the surface. The calculated and satellite-retrieved annual albedos decrease at the TOA and increase at the surface. During 2000–2018, annual means of the AOD and the tropospheric NO2 VCD increased by 8.23% and 0.03% per year, respectively.

scholarly journals O3 Concentration and Its Relation with BVOC Emissions in a Subtropical Plantation

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Jianhui Bai
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
High Light ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Volatile Organic

An empirical model of O3 is developed using the measurements of emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), O3 concentration, global solar radiation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and meteorological variables in a subtropical Pinus plantation, China, during 2013–2016. In view of the different structures of isoprene and monoterpenes, two empirical models of O3 concentration are developed, considering PAR absorption and scattering due to gases, liquids and particles (GLPs), as well as PAR attenuation caused by O3 and BVOCs. The estimated O3 is in agreement with the observations, and validation of the O3 empirical model is conducted. O3 concentrations are more sensitive to changes in PAR and water vapor than S/Q (horizontal diffuse to global solar radiation) and BVOC emissions. O3 is positive to changes in isoprene emission at low light and high GLPs, or negative at high light and low GLPs; O3 is negative to changes in monoterpene emissions. O3 are positive with the changes of PAR, water vapor and S/Q. It is suggested to control human-induced high BVOC emissions, regulate plant cutting, and reduce NOx and SO2 emissions more strictly than ever before. There are inverted U-shape interactions between O3 and its driving factors, and S/Q controls their turning points.

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