Pockels effect in CdTe-based compounds with non-planar contact geometry (Conference Presentation)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Franc ◽  
Václav Dedic ◽  
Martin Rejhon ◽  
Jan Kunc
Keyword(s):  
Contact Geometry ◽  
Pockels Effect ◽  
Planar Contact

Planar contact geometry for far-infrared germanium lasers

1999 ◽  
Vol 74 (25) ◽  
pp. 3761-3763 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Chamberlin ◽  
E. Bründermann ◽  
E. E. Haller
Keyword(s):  
Far Infrared ◽  
Contact Geometry ◽  
Planar Contact

Investigation of New Geometries for High Duty Cycle Far-Infrared p-Type Germanium Lasers

1999 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle R. Chamberlin ◽  
Erik Bruendermannw ◽  
Eugene E. Haller
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Contact Geometry ◽  
Input Power ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Field Uniformity ◽  
P Type ◽  
Planar Contact

AbstractWe report on increasing the pulse length and repetition rate of p-type germanium lasers through miniaturization, increased electric field uniformity, and improved cooling. We have recently demonstrated that it is possible to improve the electric field uniformity necessary for an efficient laser and at the same time decrease the electrical input power by using a geometry with d/L>>1, where d is the distance between electrical contacts and L is the length in the direction of the Hall field. In order to achieve good heat sinking along with a large d/L ratio, we have developed a new, planar contact geometry. Attaching an undoped, high-resistivity, single-crystal Si heat sink to the base of the Ge planar contact laser increases the duty cycle by a factor of 5.5. In order to further decrease the input power by decreasing the volume of laser crystals in the planar contact geometry, we show as a proof-of-concept the use of polished strontium titanate single crystals as electrically insulating far-infrared mirrors based on restrahl band reflection. The physical phenomena underlying these improvements in this novel geometry will be discussed.

The quantum confined Pockels effect in GaAs-based multi-quantum wells

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (PR2) ◽  
pp. Pr2-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Krebs ◽  
P. Voisin ◽  
D. Rondi ◽  
J. L. Gentner ◽  
L. Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Pockels Effect ◽  
Quantum Confined

scholarly journals Optical Voltage Transformer Based on FBG-PZT for Power Quality Measurement

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2699
Author(s):  
Marceli N. Gonçalves ◽  
Marcelo M. Werneck
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Pockels Effect ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Voltage Transformer ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Distribution Lines

Optical Current Transformers (OCTs) and Optical Voltage Transformers (OVTs) are an alternative to the conventional transformers for protection and metering purposes with a much smaller footprint and weight. Their advantages were widely discussed in scientific and technical literature and commercial applications based on the well-known Faraday and Pockels effect. However, the literature is still scarce in studies evaluating the use of optical transformers for power quality purposes, an important issue of power system designed to analyze the various phenomena that cause power quality disturbances. In this paper, we constructed a temperature-independent prototype of an optical voltage transformer based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and piezoelectric ceramics (PZT), adequate to be used in field surveys at 13.8 kV distribution lines. The OVT was tested under several disturbances defined in IEEE standards that can occur in the electrical power system, especially short-duration voltage variations such as SAG, SWELL, and INTERRUPTION. The results demonstrated that the proposed OVT presents a dynamic response capable of satisfactorily measuring such disturbances and that it can be used as a power quality monitor for a 13.8 kV distribution system. Test on the proposed system concluded that it was capable to reproduce up to the 41st harmonic without significative distortion and impulsive surges up to 2.5 kHz. As an advantage, when compared with conventional systems to monitor power quality, the prototype can be remote-monitored, and therefore, be installed at strategic locations on distribution lines to be monitored kilometers away, without the need to be electrically powered.

scholarly journals Study of a Current and Voltage Polarization Sensor Network

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4528
Author(s):  
Artur de Araujo Silva ◽  
Claudio Floridia ◽  
Joao Batista Rosolem
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Polarization Degree ◽  
Pockels Effect ◽  
Voltage Distribution ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Voltage Sensors ◽  
Polarization Sensor ◽  
A Current

Sensors based on polarization are suitable for application in power grids due to their excellent characteristics, such as high electrical insulation, non-magnetic saturation, oil-free, no risk of explosive failures, and high bandwidth. Utility companies are incorporating new technologies that are driving the evolution of electrical systems. Thus, it is interesting to evaluate the possibility of using polarization sensors in a network configuration. In this work, we present an experimental study of a current and voltage polarization sensor network applied to a medium voltage distribution grid. The current sensor is based on the Faraday effect, and the voltage sensor uses the Pockels effect. Both sensors use a 90° polarization degree between the two output ports to compensate for the various impairments on the measurements by applying the difference-over-sum. The network uses a DWDM topology centered at the 1550 nm range, and both current and voltage sensors in this work used this spectral band. We evaluated the sensor node in terms of accuracy according to IEC standard 61869-10 and IEC standard 61869-11. Considering that an important application of this sensor network is in the aerial cable of medium voltage networks, sensor node accuracy was also estimated in the presence of cable vibration. The calculated power budget of the proposed network indicates that reaching ten nodes of current and voltage sensors in a 10 km optical link is possible, which is enough for a medium urban voltage distribution network.

scholarly journals Electro-Optic Control of Lithium Niobate Bulk Whispering Gallery Resonators: Analysis of the Distribution of Externally Applied Electric Fields

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Yannick Minet ◽  
Hans Zappe ◽  
Ingo Breunig ◽  
Karsten Buse
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Parametric Oscillation ◽  
Pockels Effect ◽  
Optical Mode ◽  
Cylindrical Resonator ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Electro Optic

Whispering gallery resonators made out of lithium niobate allow for optical parametric oscillation and frequency comb generation employing the outstanding second-order nonlinear-optical properties of this material. An important knob to tune and control these processes is, e.g., the linear electro-optic effect, the Pockels effect via externally applied electric fields. Due to the shape of the resonators a precise prediction of the electric field strength that affects the optical mode is non-trivial. Here, we study the average strength of the electric field in z-direction in the region of the optical mode for different configurations and geometries of lithium niobate whispering gallery resonators with the help of the finite element method. We find that in some configurations almost 100% is present in the cavity compared to the ideal case of a cylindrical resonator. Even in the case of a few-mode resonator with a very thin rim we find a strength of 90%. Our results give useful design considerations for future arrangements that may benefit from the strong electro-optic effect in bulk whispering gallery resonators made out of lithium niobate.

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