Pure phase correlation implemented by an optoelectronic set-up

Author(s):  
E. Ahouzi
Keyword(s):  
1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Turon ◽  
E. Ahouzi ◽  
J. Campos ◽  
K. Chalasinska-Macukow ◽  
M. J. Yzuel

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 952-953
Author(s):  
T. Hirayama ◽  
T. Saito

Pure phase objects having low spatial frequency such as electromagnetic fields in a vacuum can be visualized by electron holography or three-wave interference.1,2) Wavefront-division interference using a biprism requires a field-emission electron gun having high spatial coherency. On the other hand, amplitude-division interference using a thin crystal does not need high spatial coherency of electron source, i.e. an ordinary electron microscope with a LaB6 filament is good enough to form lattice fringes of high contrast. This is an advantage of amplitude-division interference.3,4)We previously reported three-wave interference achieved by using two electron biprisms. Recently, we have realized amplitude-division three-wave interference by using a Si crystal as a splitter of an electron wave. Figure 1 shows the experimental set-up used to form an amplitude-division threewave interference pattern. A thin crystal prepared by ion-milling is installed at the standard specimen position, and a thin carbon film on which latex particles are sticking is placed at the selected area aperture position.


1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Francina Turon ◽  
Katarzyna Chalasinska-Macukow ◽  
Juan Campos ◽  
Maria J Yzuel
Keyword(s):  

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Campos ◽  
Silvia A. Ledesma ◽  
Claudio C. Iemmi ◽  
Maria J. Yzuel

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Chalasinska-Macukow ◽  
F Turon ◽  
M J Yzuel ◽  
J Campos
Keyword(s):  

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmail Ahouzi ◽  
Katarzyna Chalasinska-Macukow ◽  
Juan Campos ◽  
Maria J. Yzuel

Author(s):  
T. G. Naymik

Three techniques were incorporated for drying clay-rich specimens: air-drying, freeze-drying and critical point drying. In air-drying, the specimens were set out for several days to dry or were placed in an oven (80°F) for several hours. The freeze-dried specimens were frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen or in isopentane at near liquid nitrogen temperature and then were immediately placed in the freeze-dry vacuum chamber. The critical point specimens were molded in agar immediately after sampling. When the agar had set up the dehydration series, water-alcohol-amyl acetate-CO2 was carried out. The objectives were to compare the fabric plasmas (clays and precipitates), fabricskeletons (quartz grains) and the relationship between them for each drying technique. The three drying methods are not only applicable to the study of treated soils, but can be incorporated into all SEM clay soil studies.


Author(s):  
T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽  
M.J. Costello

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.


Author(s):  
O.L. Krivanek ◽  
J. TaftØ

It is well known that a standing electron wavefield can be set up in a crystal such that its intensity peaks at the atomic sites or between the sites or in the case of more complex crystal, at one or another type of a site. The effect is usually referred to as channelling but this term is not entirely appropriate; by analogy with the more established particle channelling, electrons would have to be described as channelling either through the channels or through the channel walls, depending on the diffraction conditions.


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