Multi-site stimulation (Conference Presentation)

Author(s):  
Rex Chin-Hao Chen ◽  
Farid Atry ◽  
Sarah K. Brodnick ◽  
Joseph Novello ◽  
Aaron Suminski ◽  
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Keyword(s):  
1974 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie L. Brown ◽  
George A. Ulett ◽  
John A. Stern

The anticipation of acupuncture, simple insertion of needles or the electrical stimulation of needles at both classical acupuncture points and "false" points, all produce an increase in white blood cell count. Electrostimulation produced the greatest, expectation of needle insertion the least, increase in white cell count. Though needles remain to place, the white cell count returns to basal level within one hour. Preliminary data on peripheral skin temperature as affected by stimulation of acupuncture points and non-points, suggests a higher temperature on the side of stimulation. For acupuncture site stimulation, the temperature differential appears to be more persistent than is true when non-sites are stimulated. Subjects reported needle insertion at acupuncture points as less painful than at non-points. Feelings of numbness were produced by stimulation of both classical and false acupuncture points.


2002 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Olivier Heuschkel ◽  
Michael Fejtl ◽  
Mario Raggenbass ◽  
Daniel Bertrand ◽  
Philippe Renaud

Author(s):  
Colleen Loo

There is a growing body of literature on animal experiments using behavioural paradigms or investigations of neurobiological mechanisms to assess the antidepressant effects of repetitive (r)TMS. This article summarizes the findings from these studies. The evidence from these studies is supportive of antidepressant effects for rTMS. This evidence has provided several plausible hypotheses for the antidepressant effects of rTMS. Several studies have suggested that rTMS may have neuroprotective effects. There are many variations in the way rTMS can be given as a clinical treatment, involving choices over treatment site, stimulation parameters and treatment course. Clinical trials to date have found rTMS to be safe when given within recommended parameter guidelines. Further research is needed to understand the role of rTMS with respect to other established antidepressant treatments.


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