Effect of hindpaw electrical stimulation on capillary flow heterogeneity and oxygen delivery (Conference Presentation)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuandong Li ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Chenxi Li ◽  
Ruikang K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Flow Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Analysis of the current flow heterogeneity in the electrode-skin structure in electromyography and electrical stimulation systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 1327 ◽  
pp. 012017 ◽  
Author(s):  
V A Bakhtina ◽  
A A Levitskiy ◽  
P S Marinushkin ◽  
M V Abroskina ◽  
A A Ilminskaya
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Flow Heterogeneity ◽  
Skin Structure

scholarly journals More homogeneous capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlate with increased oxygen extraction

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoqiang Li ◽  
Tatiana V Esipova ◽  
Ikbal Sencan ◽  
Kıvılcım Kılıç ◽  
Buyin Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Extraction Fraction ◽  
Oxygen Extraction ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Network Adaptation

Our understanding of how capillary blood flow and oxygen distribute across cortical layers to meet the local metabolic demand is incomplete. We addressed this question by using two-photon imaging of resting-state microvascular oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and flow in the whisker barrel cortex in awake mice. Our measurements in layers I-V show that the capillary red-blood-cell flux and oxygenation heterogeneity, and the intracapillary resistance to oxygen delivery, all decrease with depth, reaching a minimum around layer IV, while the depth-dependent oxygen extraction fraction is increased in layer IV, where oxygen demand is presumably the highest. Our findings suggest that more homogeneous distribution of the physiological observables relevant to oxygen transport to tissue is an important part of the microvascular network adaptation to local brain metabolism. These results will inform the biophysical models of layer-specific cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption and improve our understanding of the diseases that affect cerebral microcirculation.

scholarly journals Homogenization of capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlates with increased oxygen extraction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoqiang Li ◽  
Tatiana V. Esipova ◽  
Ikbal Sencan ◽  
Kivilcim Kilic ◽  
Buyin Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Extraction Fraction ◽  
Oxygen Extraction ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Microvascular Network ◽  
Local Brain

ABSTRACTOur understanding of how capillary blood flow and oxygen distribute across cortical layers to meet the local metabolic demand is incomplete. We addressed this question by using two-photon imaging of microvascular oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and flow in the whisker barrel cortex in awake mice at rest. Our measurements in layers I-V show that the capillary red-blood-cell flux and oxygenation heterogeneity, and the intracapillary resistance to oxygen delivery, all decrease with depth, reaching a minimum around layer IV, while the depth-dependent oxygen extraction fraction is increased in layer IV, where oxygen demand is presumably the highest. Our findings suggest that homogenization of physiological observables relevant to oxygen transport to tissue is an important part of the microvascular network adaptation to a local brain metabolism increase. These results will inform the biophysical models of layer-specific cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption and improve our understanding of diseases that affect the cerebral microcirculation.IMPACT STATEMENTHomogenization of cortical capillary blood flow and oxygenation underpins an important mechanism, by which the microvascular network adapts to an increase in the local brain oxidative metabolism.

The “KIMWIPE” Effect in Ultra-Thin Cryosections

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
I. Taylor ◽  
P. Ingram ◽  
J.R. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Ice Crystal Formation

In studying quick-frozen single intact skeletal muscle fibers for structural and microchemical alterations that occur milliseconds, and fractions thereof, after electrical stimulation, we have developed a method to compare, directly, ice crystal formation in freeze-substituted thin sections adjacent to all, and beneath the last, freeze-dried cryosections. We have observed images in the cryosections that to our knowledge have not been published heretofore (Figs.1-4). The main features are that isolated, sometimes large regions of the sections appear hazy and have much less contrast than adjacent regions. Sometimes within the hazy regions there are smaller areas that appear crinkled and have much more contrast. We have also observed that while the hazy areas remain still, the regions of higher contrast visibly contract in the beam, often causing tears in the sections that are clearly not caused by ice crystals (Fig.3, arrows).

The biochemistry of drugs and doping methods used to enhance aerobic sport performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 63-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Blood Doping

Optimum performance in aerobic sports performance requires an efficient delivery to, and consumption of, oxygen by the exercising muscle. It is probable that maximal oxygen uptake in the athlete is multifactorial, being shared between cardiac output, blood oxygen content, muscle blood flow, oxygen diffusion from the blood to the cell and mitochondrial content. Of these, raising the blood oxygen content by raising the haematocrit is the simplest acute method to increase oxygen delivery and improve sport performance. Legal means of raising haematocrit include altitude training and hypoxic tents. Illegal means include blood doping and the administration of EPO (erythropoietin). The ability to make EPO by genetic means has resulted in an increase in its availability and use, although it is probable that recent testing methods may have had some impact. Less widely used illegal methods include the use of artificial blood oxygen carriers (the so-called ‘blood substitutes’). In principle these molecules could enhance aerobic sports performance; however, they would be readily detectable in urine and blood tests. An alternative to increasing the blood oxygen content is to increase the amount of oxygen that haemoglobin can deliver. It is possible to do this by using compounds that right-shift the haemoglobin dissociation curve (e.g. RSR13). There is a compromise between improving oxygen delivery at the muscle and losing oxygen uptake at the lung and it is unclear whether these reagents would enhance the performance of elite athletes. However, given the proven success of blood doping and EPO, attempts to manipulate these pathways are likely to lead to an ongoing battle between the athlete and the drug testers.

1372: The Effect of Tolterodine on Sensations Evoked by Electrical Stimulation and Bladder Filling Sensations

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 442-442
Author(s):  
Sönke Boy ◽  
Brigitte Schurch ◽  
Gudrun Mehring ◽  
Peter A. Knapp ◽  
Gilles Karsenty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Bladder Filling
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