Because of the high volume of processing, transmission, and information storage, electronic systems presently requires faster clock speeds tosynchronizethe integrated circuits. Presently the “speeds†on the connections of a printed circuit board (PCB) are in the order of the GHz. At these frequencies the behavior of the interconnects are more like that of a transmission line, and hence distortion, delay, and phase shift- effects caused by phenomena like cross talk, ringing and over shot are present and may be undesirable for the performance of a circuit or system.Some of these phrases were extracted from the chapter eight of book “2-D Electromagnetic Simulation of Passive Microstrip Circuits†from the corresponding author of this paper.
Index-profile design for low-loss crossed multimode waveguide for optical printed circuit board