Application of bias voltage to tune the resonant frequency of membrane-based electroactive polymer energy harvesters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Dong ◽  
Michael Grissom ◽  
Frank T. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Energy Harvesters

Resonant frequency tuning of electroactive polymer membranes via an applied bias voltage

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 114005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Dong ◽  
Michael D Grissom ◽  
Tahzib Safwat ◽  
M G Prasad ◽  
Frank T Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Applied Bias ◽  
Applied Bias Voltage

A Frequency-Tunable Comb Resonator Using Spring Tension and Compression Effects

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Bang Lee ◽  
Albert P. Pisano ◽  
Liwei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Voltage Change ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Frequency Tunable ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Compression Effects ◽  
First Time

A 2μm-thick frequency-tunable microresoantor capable of either increasing or decreasing its resonant frequency by a combination of Joule heating and electrostatic force has been successfully demonstrated for the first time. For the heating voltage increase from 0 to 2V under fixed bias voltage of 40V, the resonant frequency changes from 22.2kHz to 16.2kHz, resulting in the 27% reduction in the resonant frequency. For the bias voltage change from 20V to 40V under the heating voltage of 0V, the resonant frequency increase from 19.0kHz to 23.6kHz, resulting in the 24.2% increase in the resonant frequency. As such, this surface-micromachined microactuator could assist complicated frequency tuning for applications of microsensors and microactuators.

scholarly journals Adaptive Electromagnetic Energy Harvester for Mobile Devices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haziq Kamal ◽  
Peyman Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices ◽  
Ambient Excitation

<div>Advances in design and development of light-weight and low power wearable and mobile devices open up the possibility of lifetime extension of these devices from ambient sources through energy harvesting devices as opposed to periodically recharge the batteries. The most commonly available ambient energy source for mobile devices is Kinetic energy harvesters (KEH). The major drawback of the energy harvesters is limited effectiveness of harvesting mechanism near a fixed resonant frequency. It is difficult to harvest a reliable amount of energy from every forms of device motions with different excitation frequencies. To overcome this drawback, in this paper we propose an adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester which utilises spring characteristics to adapt its resonant frequency to match the ambient excitation frequency. This paper presents a prototype design and analysis of an adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester both in simulation and real. The harvester has tested using a specially designed experimental setup and compared with numerical simulations. The proposed solution generates 3.5 times higher maximum power over the default power output and 2.4 times higher maximum frequency compared to a fixed resonant frequency electromagnetic energy harvester.</div>

Resonant Frequency Tuning of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Microsensors by Bias Voltage Application to Extra Top-Electrodes on PZT Diaphragms

2010 ◽  
Vol 408 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Yamashita ◽  
Kenji Tomiyama ◽  
Keita Yoshikawa ◽  
Minoru Noda ◽  
Masanori Okuyama
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Voltage Application

Resonant Frequency Tuning Strategies for Vibration-Based Energy Harvesters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Dong ◽  
Frank T. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Mechanical Stretch ◽  
Applied Bias Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Frequency Matching ◽  
Low Levels

Vibration-based energy harvesting has been widely investigated to as a means to generate low levels of electrical energy for applications such as wireless sensor networks. However, due to the fact that vibration from the environment is typically random and varies with different magnitudes and frequencies, it is a challenge to implement frequency matching in order to maximize the power output of the energy harvester with a wider frequency bandwidth for applications where there is a time-dependent, varying source frequency. Possible solutions of frequency matching include widening the bandwidth of the energy harvesters themselves in order to implement frequency matching and to perform resonance-based tuning approach, the latter of which shows the most promise to implement a frequency matching design. Here three tuning strategies are discussed. First a two-dimensional resonant frequency tuning technique for the cantilever-geometry energy harvesting device which extended previous 1D tuning approaches was developed. This 2D approach could be used in applications where space constraints impact the available design space of the energy harvester. In addition, two novel resonant frequency tuning approaches (tuning via mechanical stretch and tuning via applied bias voltage, respectively) for electroactive polymer (EAP) membrane-based geometry energy harvesters was proposed, such that the resulting changes in membrane tension were used to tune the device for applications targeting variable ambient frequency environments.

Design of Broadband Response Two Degrees of Freedom Piezoelectric Vibrator for Energy Harvesting

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 2146-2150
Author(s):  
Shao Qiang Liu ◽  
Jun Xian Peng ◽  
Min Qiang Peng ◽  
Xiao Ping Fan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibrator ◽  
Energy Harvesting Efficiency

Piezoelectric vibrator is the core of ambient energy harvesters utilizing piezoelectric effect. The developed piezoelectric vibrators are generally one degree of freedom (DOF) vibration systems with narrow resonant frequency bandwidth, which restricts the energy harvesting efficiency. This paper studies a design of two DOF piezoelectric vibrator consisted of two single DOF vibrators and a connecting spring to extend the resonant frequency bandwidth. By adjusting the structural parameters, two natural frequencies of the vibrator are set to adjacent values, so that it can maintain a high response rate over a wide frequency range near its two resonance points. Structural parameters for maximizing the power output of the vibrator are optimized by using ANSYS software. Contrastive analysis between a typical cantilevers array and the proposed vibrator is performed. The results show that the proposed vibrator has better broadband response and the design scheme is effective.

Ultra-Long Barium Titanate Nanowire Arrays for Low Frequency Energy Harvesting Applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesh Koka ◽  
Henry A. Sodano
Keyword(s):  
Barium Titanate ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Mechanical Vibrations ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Vertically Aligned

Piezoelectric nanowires (NWs) have recently attracted immense interest due to their excellent electro-mechanical coupling behavior that can efficiently enable conversion of low-intensity mechanical vibrations for powering or augmenting batteries of biomedical devices and portable consumer electronics. Specifically, nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) composed of piezoelectric NWs offer an exciting potential for energy harvesting applications due to their enhanced flexibility, light weight, and compact size. Compared to the bulk form, high aspect ratio NWs can exhibit higher deformation to produce an enhanced piezoelectric response at a lower stress level. NEMS made of conventional semiconducting vertically aligned, ZnO NW arrays have been investigated thoroughly for energy harvesting; however, ZnO has a lower piezoelectric coupling coefficient as compared to many ferroelectric ceramics which limits its piezoelectric performance. Amidst lead-free ferroelectric materials, environmentally-friendly barium titanate (BaTiO3) possesses one of the highest piezoelectric strain coefficients and thus can enable greater energy transfer when used in vibrational energy harvesters. In this paper, a novel NEMS energy harvester is fabricated using ultra-long (∼40 μm long), vertically aligned BaTiO3 NW arrays which has a low resonant frequency (below 200 Hz) and its AC power harvesting capacity from low amplitude base vibrations (0.25 g) is demonstrated. The design and fabrication of low resonant frequency vibrational energy harvesters has been challenging in the field of MEMS/NEMS since the high stiffness of the structures results in resonant frequency often greater than 1 kHz. However, ambient mechanical vibrations usually exist in the 1 Hz to 1 kHz range and thus highly complaint ultra-long, NW arrays are beneficial to enable efficient energy conversion. Through the use of this newly developed synthesis process for the growth of highly compliant, ultra-long BaTiO3 NW arrays, it is shown that piezoelectric NWs based NEMS energy harvesters capable of harnessing this low frequency ambient vibrational energy can be conceived.

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of Linear and Nonlinear MEMS Scale Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters for Random Vibration Environments

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Khan ◽  
Boris Stoeber ◽  
Farrokh Sassani
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Spectral Density ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Random Vibration ◽  
Nonlinear Damping ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Transformation Factor

The simulation results for electromagnetic energy harvesters (EMEHs) under broad band stationary Gaussian random excitations indicate the importance of both a high transformation factor and a high mechanical quality factor to achieve favourable mean power, mean square load voltage, and output spectral density. The optimum load is different for random vibrations and for sinusoidal vibration. Reducing the total damping ratio under band-limited random excitation yields a higher mean square load voltage. Reduced bandwidth resulting from decreased mechanical damping can be compensated by increasing the electrical damping (transformation factor) leading to a higher mean square load voltage and power. Nonlinear EMEHs with a Duffing spring and with linear plus cubic damping are modeled using the method of statistical linearization. These nonlinear EMEHs exhibit approximately linear behaviour under low levels of broadband stationary Gaussian random vibration; however, at higher levels of such excitation the central (resonant) frequency of the spectral density of the output voltage shifts due to the increased nonlinear stiffness and the bandwidth broadens slightly. Nonlinear EMEHs exhibit lower maximum output voltage and central frequency of the spectral density with nonlinear damping compared to linear damping. Stronger nonlinear damping yields broader bandwidths at stable resonant frequency.

scholarly journals Simply-supported multi-layered beams for energy harvesting

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Patel ◽  
Yoshikazu Tanaka ◽  
Stewart McWilliam ◽  
Hidemi Mutsuda ◽  
Atanas A Popov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Layered Beams ◽  
Unbiased Manner ◽  
Made In

This paper develops an analytical model for predicting the performance of simply-supported multi-layered piezoelectric vibrating energy harvesters. The model includes the effects of material and geometric non-linearities, as well as axial pre-tension/compression, and is validated against experimental devices for a large range of base accelerations. Numerical and experimental investigations are performed to understand the benefits of using simply-supported devices compared to cantilevered devices. Comparisons are made in an unbiased manner by tuning the resonant frequency to the same value by modifying the geometry, and the results obtained indicate that simply-supported devices are capable of generating higher voltage levels than cantilever devices. The model is also used to investigate the benefits of using multi-layered devices to improve power density. Depending on harvester composition, power-per-unit-volume of piezoelectric material for a device is increased through the stacking of layers.

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