The use of short and wide x-ray pulses for time-of-flight x-ray Compton Scatter Imaging in cargo security

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Calvert ◽  
Marta M. Betcke ◽  
John R. Cresswell ◽  
Alick N. Deacon ◽  
Anthony J. Gleeson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Compton Scatter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compton Scatter Imaging

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Time-of-Flight Compton Scatter Imaging Using Picosecond Length X-Ray Pulses

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 3701-3710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Calvert ◽  
Marta M. Betcke ◽  
Alick N. Deacon ◽  
Anthony J. Gleeson ◽  
Clive Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Compton Scatter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compton Scatter Imaging

WE-G-211-09: X-Ray Compton Scatter Imaging on Volumetric CT Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6Part34) ◽  
pp. 3837-3837
Author(s):  
T Niu ◽  
L Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scatter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Volumetric Ct ◽  
Compton Scatter Imaging

Nondestructive Inspection of Thin, Low-Z Samples using Multiplexed Compton Scatter Tomography

1997 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Evans ◽  
J. B. Martin ◽  
L. W. Burggraf
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Filtered Backprojection ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
Compton Scatter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Transmission Computed Tomography ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Scattered Energy

ABSTRACTThe viability of a Compton scattering tomography system for nondestructively inspecting thin, low Z samples for corrosion is examined. This technique differs from conventional x-ray backscatter NDI because it does not rely on narrow collimation of source and detectors to examine small volumes in the sample. Instead, photons of a single energy are backscattered from the sample and their scattered energy spectra are measured at multiple detector locations, and these spectra are then used to reconstruct an image of the object. This multiplexed Compton scatter tomography technique interrogates multiple volume elements simultaneously. Thin samples less than 1 cm thick and made of low Z materials are best imaged with gamma rays at or below 100 keV energy. At this energy, Compton line broadening becomes an important resolution limitation. An analytical model has been developed to simulate the signals collected in a demonstration system consisting of an array of planar high-purity germanium detectors. A technique for deconvolving the effects of Compton broadening and detector energy resolution from signals with additive noise is also presented. A filtered backprojection image reconstruction algorithm with similarities to that used in conventional transmission computed tomography is developed. A simulation of a 360–degree inspection gives distortion-free results. In a simulation of a single-sided inspection, a 5 mm × 5 mm corrosion flaw with 50% density is readily identified in 1-cm thick aluminum phantom when the signal to noise ratio in the data exceeds 28.

Interaction of Bovine Serum Albumin and Lysozyme with Stainless Steel Studied by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Langmuir ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (47) ◽  
pp. 16306-16317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda S. Hedberg ◽  
Manuela S. Killian ◽  
Eva Blomberg ◽  
Sannakaisa Virtanen ◽  
Patrik Schmuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Ion

A feasibility study of time of flight cone beam computed tomography imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ignacio O. Romero ◽  
Changqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Scattering Effects ◽  
Breast Phantom ◽  
Scatter Reduction ◽  
Strong Scattering

BACKGROUND: The time of flight (TOF) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was recently shown to reduce the X-ray scattering effects by 95%and improve the image CNR by 110%for large volume objects. The advancements in X-ray sources like in compact Free Electron Lasers (FEL) and advancements in detector technology show potential for the TOF method to be feasible in CBCT when imaging large objects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate feasibility and efficacy of TOF CBCT in imaging smaller objects with different targets such as bones and tumors embedded inside the background. METHODS: The TOF method used in this work was verified using a 24cm phantom. Then, the GATE software was used to simulate the CBCT imaging of an 8 cm diameter cylindrical water phantom with two bone targets using a modeled 20 keV quasi-energetic FEL source and various TOF resolutions ranging from 1 to 1000 ps. An inhomogeneous breast phantom of similar size with tumor targets was also imaged using the same system setup. RESULTS: The same results were obtained in the 24cm phantom, which validated the applied CBCT simulation approach. For the case of 8cm cylindrical phantom and bone target, a TOF resolution of 10 ps improved the image contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) by 57%and reduced the scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR) by 8.63. For the case of breast phantom and tumor target, image CNR was enhanced by 12%and SPR was reduced by 1.35 at 5 ps temporal resolution. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that a TOF resolution below 10 ps is required to observe notable enhancements in the image quality and scatter reduction for small objects around 8cm in diameter. The strong scattering targets such as bone can result in substantial improvements by using TOF CBCT.

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