The impact of human factors, crashworthiness and optical performance design requirements on helmet-mounted display development from the 1970s to the present

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Harding ◽  
Clarence E. Rash ◽  
William E. McLean ◽  
John S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals THE FUTURE OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT – VERY LARGE AIRCRAFT AND OUT KEY HUMAN FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION AND SAFETY OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Petra Skolilova
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The article outlines some human factors affecting the operation and safety of passenger air transport given the massive increase in the use of the VLA. Decrease of the impact of the CO2 world emissions is one of the key goals for the new aircraft design. The main wave is going to reduce the burned fuel. Therefore, the eco-efficiency engines combined with reasonable economic operation of the aircraft are very important from an aviation perspective. The prediction for the year 2030 says that about 90% of people, which will use long-haul flights to fly between big cities. So, the A380 was designed exactly for this time period, with a focus on the right capacity, right operating cost and right fuel burn per seat. There is no aircraft today with better fuel burn combined with eco-efficiency per seat, than the A380. The very large aircrafts (VLAs) are the future of the commercial passenger aviation. Operating cost versus safety or CO2 emissions versus increasing automation inside the new generation aircraft. Almost 80% of the world aircraft accidents are caused by human error based on wrong action, reaction or final decision of pilots, the catastrophic failures of aircraft systems, or air traffic control errors are not so frequent. So, we are at the beginning of a new age in passenger aviation and the role of the human factor is more important than ever.

How Signs, Markings, and Hazards Impact Motorist Assessment of Cyclist Lane Placement

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1948-1949
Author(s):  
Mary L. Still ◽  
Jeremiah D. Still
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Lane Position ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Factors Research ◽  
And Training

Human factors research has led to safer interactions between motorists through redesigned signage, roadway designs, and training. Similar efforts are needed to understand and improve interactions between cyclists and motorists. One challenge to safe motorist-cyclist interactions are expectations about where cyclists should be on the road. In this study, we utilize more directive signage and additional lane markings to clarify where cyclists should ride in the travel lane. The impact of these signifiers was examined by having motorists indicate where cyclists should ride in the lane, how difficult it was to determine the correct lane position, and how safe they would feel if they were in that lane position. Results indicate that more directive signage – “bicycles take the lane”-and painted hazard signifiers can change motorists’ expectations, so they are more aligned with safer cyclist positioning in the lane.

Requirements Capture for Inclusive Design Resources and Tools

Volume 3 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Dong ◽  
P. John Clarkson ◽  
Simeon Keates
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Inclusive Design ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Product Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Resources ◽  
User Data ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Impact

In the past twenty years, a number of resources and tools to support inclusive design have been developed. However, the impact of these resources and tools on industry is not evident — few industrialists have been using them in practice. Investigations into industry have identified unmet needs, for example, the lack of appropriate user data relating to inclusive design. The fundamental problem is that few resources and tools have been developed based on rigorous requirements capture. In fact, many of them were developed only because the developers think the information could be useful. It is essential to prepare a detailed requirements list when clarifying the task at the product planning stage. This is also true for developing resources and tools for inclusive design. Requirements capture plays an important role in identifying real needs from users and developing appropriate methods of support for them. This paper starts with a survey of available resources and tools for inclusive design, and a discussion on their merits and deficiencies in respect to industry application. A number of methods are employed for the requirements capture for an inclusive design toolkit, which leads to a consistent result. An outline of the toolkit is also presented.

125 INTRODUCING AN IN SITU SIMULATION PROGRAMME IN AN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Bateman ◽  
Karen Johnston ◽  
Andrew Badacsonyi ◽  
Natalie Clarke ◽  
Kathleen Conneally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
In Situ Simulation ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Emergency Scenarios ◽  
The Impact

This North London hospital has a 14-bed Intensive Care Unit (ICU). As a small District General ICU, staff exposure to emergency scenarios can be infrequent. Lack of practice can lead to a reduction in staff confidence and knowledge when these scenarios are encountered, especially during the COVID pandemic. The ICU had not previously undertaken in situ multi-disciplinary team (MDT) simulation sessions on the unit.The aim of the study was to introduce a novel programme of MDT simulation sessions in the ICU and provide feedback with the aim of increasing both staff confidence in managing emergency scenarios and staff understanding of the impact of human factors.A team of ICU Simulation Champions created emergency scenarios that could occur in the ICU. Pre-simulation and post-simulation questionnaires were produced to capture staff opinion on topics including benefits and barriers to simulation training and confidence in managing ICU emergencies. Members of the ICU MDT would be selected to participate in simulation scenarios. Afterwards, debrief sessions would be facilitated by Simulation Champions and Airline Pilots with a particular focus on competence in managing the emergency and human factors elements, such as communication and leadership. Participants would then be surveyed with the post-simulation questionnaire.Nine simulation sessions were conducted between October 2020 and June 2021. The sessions occurred within the ICU during the working day in a designated bay with the availability of all standard ICU resources and involved multiple MDT members to aid fidelity. Feedback by Simulation Champions mainly focussed on knowledge related to the ICU emergency, whilst the Airline Pilots provided expert feedback on human factors training. Fifty-five staff members completed the pre-simulation questionnaire and 37 simulation participants completed the post-simulation questionnaire. Prior to simulation participation, 28.3% of respondents agreed they felt confident managing emergency scenarios on ICU – this figure increased to 54.1% following simulation participation. 94.4% of simulation participants agreed that their knowledge of human factors had improved following the simulation and 100% of participants wanted further simulation teaching. Figure 1 shows a thematic analysis of the responses from 31 participants who were questioned about perceived benefits from simulation teaching. Following the success of the programme, the Hospital Trust will continue to support and develop inter-speciality and inter-professional training, and have funded the appointment of an ICU Simulation Fellow to continue to lead and enhance future in situ simulation teaching on the ICU.

scholarly journals Surgeons' Experience of Learning Psychological Skills: A Preliminary Evaluation of a Psychological Skills Training Course

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Mason ◽  
Selina Balloo ◽  
Dominic Upton ◽  
Kamal Heer ◽  
Phil Higton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Surgical Performance ◽  
Psychological Skills Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theory Practice Gap ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION A range of human factors have been shown to impact on surgical performance although little is known about the impact of training on the views of surgeons towards these factors or how receptive surgeons are to such training. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was an observational pilot study using a short questionnaire designed to elicit views of surgeons towards a range of human factors prior to, and immediately following, a course designed to address human factors in surgical performance. Focus groups were also conducted before and immediately after the course to elicit views. RESULTS Of all the human factors assessed, decision-making was rated on a visual analogue scale as having the biggest impact on performance both before and after the course. In general, views of human factors changed following the course, most notably an increase in the extent to which work stress, interpersonal difficulties and personality were believed to affect performance. Three themes emerged from the focus groups: (i) personal professional development; (ii) the relationship between trainer and trainee; and (iii) the changing perspective. CONCLUSIONS Surgeons from a range of specialties are receptive to training on the impact of human factors on performance and this study has shown that views may change following a course designed to address this. Further training to address the theory–practice gap is warranted in addition to an evaluation of its effectiveness.

Environmental Design Strategies for Building Egress

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 865-869
Author(s):  
Jake Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

The events of September 2001, 2001, plus the events' technical and political aftermath have helped to identify an unfortunate lack of research into building evacuation. The relative dearth of research is ironic given evacuation's central role in mitigation for a range of emergencies and its prominence in environmental design requirements in building codes and standards. The field of human factors has much to offer, for example, in a philosophical or strategic focus on human-centered design as well in more-prosaic issues such as exit stair width and handrail provision. Much of the available research addresses fairly low-level ergonomic issues such as exit stair width in relation to egress capacity and the impact on evacuation time. in addition to more-sophisticated research into the relatively simple issues, ahead lies more-difficult research relating to strategic issues and the provision of information to building occupants in emergencies, occupants' situational awareness generally, and the many social interactions—in seldom-considered environmental contexts—that are at the heart of major evacuations of large buildings such as in the case of the World Trade Center.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Ibn-Khaldun’s Theory in light of Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Mohammed Musallem Binham Alameri ◽  
◽  
Khawlah M. AL- Tkhayneh
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Future Events ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Impact

This argumentative paper presents a new perspective on Ibn-khaldun’s theory of social change in light of Covid-19. It argues that when examining the theory, it can be found that it makes an association between social change and natural factors, such as epidemics and human factors, such as government changes. The target theory which is explored in this study is the cyclical theory of Ibn-khaldun. This study adopts the former theory in order to analyze the effects of Covid-19 on the Arab-Islamic society, and how this theory was able to predict many of the current events and possible future events using social and historical approaches. The paper consists of four parts as follows: First, an overview of Ibn-khaldun’s theory of social change and its philosophy is provided. Second, the role of human factors in social change according to Ibn-khaldun is explored. Third, natural factors affecting social change according to Ibn-khaldun are discussed. Finally, the impact of Covid-19 on our way of life in relation to Ibn-khaldun’s theory of social change is examined.

Management of the deteriorating adult patient: does simulation-based education improve patient safety?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bennion ◽  
Stephanie K Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Educational Method ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Impact

Failure to recognise the deteriorating patient can cause severe harm and is related to preventable death. Human factors are often identified as contributing factors. Simulation-based education is used to develop clinicians' human factors skills. This article discusses the evidence concerning the efficacy of simulation-based education for improving the recognition and management of the acutely deteriorating adult patient, and the limitations of simulation-based education. Findings demonstrated simulation-based education was the most effective educational method identified for training staff in recognising unwell patients. The evidence demonstrating the impact of simulation-based education on patient outcomes was equivocal. The quality of the evidence was low grade regarding the efficacy of simulation-based education on human factors. Further research is required to confirm the efficacy of simulation-based education for human factors and patient outcomes.

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