New algorithm for under color removal (UCR) using direct color mapping

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Tsukada ◽  
Johji Tajima
Keyword(s):  
Color Removal ◽  
Color Mapping ◽  
Direct Color

The Onset of Lignin-Modifying Enzymes, Decrease of AOX and Color Removal by White-Rot Fungi Grown on Bleach Plant Effluents

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Lankinen ◽  
M. M. Inkeröinen ◽  
J. Pellinen ◽  
A. I. Hatakka
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Active Form ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Lignin Peroxidases ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Decrease of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOX) is becoming the most important criterion for the efficiency of pulp mill effluent treatment in the 1990s. Two methods, designated MYCOR and MYCOPOR which utilize the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium have earlier been developed for the color removal of pulp mill effluents, but the processes have also a capacity to decrease the amount of chlorinated organic compounds. Lignin peroxidases (ligninases) produced by P. chrvsosporium may dechlorinate chlorinated phenols. In this work possibilities to use selected white-rot fungi in the treatment of E1-stage bleach plant effluent were studied. Phlebia radiata. Phanerochaete chrvsosporium and Merulius (Phlebia) tremellosus were compared in shake flasks for their ability to produce laccase, lignin peroxidase(s) and manganese-dependent peroxidase(s) and to remove color from a medium containing effluent. Softwood bleaching effluents were treated by carrier-immobilized P. radiata in 2 1 bioreactors and a 10 1 BiostatR -fermentor. Dechlorination was followed using Cl ion and AOX determinations. All fungi removed the color of the effluent. In P. radiata cultivations AOX decrease was ca. 4 mg l−1 in one day. Apparent lignin peroxidase activities as determined by veratryl alcohol oxidation method were negligible or zero in a medium with AOX content of ca. 60 mg l−1, prepared using about 20 % (v/v) of softwood effluent. However, the purification of extracellular enzymes implied that large amounts of lignin peroxidases were present in the medium and, after the purification, in active form. Enzyme proteins were separated using anion exchange chromatography, and they were further characterized by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to reveal the kind of enzymes that were present during AOX decrease and color removal. The most characteristic lignin peroxidase isoenzymes in effluent media were LiP2 and LiP3.

scholarly journals Coronary Flow and Reserve by Enhanced Transthoracic Doppler Trumps Coronary Anatomy by Computed Tomography in Assessing Coronary Artery Stenosis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Carlo Caiati ◽  
Arnaldo Scardapane ◽  
Fortunato Iacovelli ◽  
Paolo Pollice ◽  
Teresa Immacolata Achille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Invasive Coronary Angiography ◽  
Coronary Anatomy ◽  
Color Mapping ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Mild Stenosis ◽  
Iodinated Contrast

We report the case of a 71-year-old patient with many risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis, who underwent computed coronary angiography (CTA), in accordance with the guidelines, for recent onset atypical chest pain. CTA revealed critical (>50% lumen diameter narrowing) stenosis of the proximal anterior descending coronary, and the patient was scheduled for invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Before ICA he underwent enhanced transthoracic echo-Doppler (E-Doppler TTE) for coronary flow detection by color-guided pulsed-wave Doppler recording of the left main (LMCA) and whole left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD,) along with coronary flow reserve (CFR) in the distal LAD calculated as the ratio, of peak flow velocity during i.v. adenosine (140 mcg/Kg/m) to resting flow velocity. E-Doppler TTE mapping revealed only mild stenosis (28% area narrowing) of the mid LAD and a CFR of 3.20, in perfect agreement with the color mapping showing no flow limiting stenosis in the LMCA and LAD. ICA revealed only a very mild stenosis in the mid LAD and mild atherosclerosis in the other coronaries (intimal irregularities). Thus, coronary stenosis was better predicted by E-Doppler TTE than by CTA. Coronary flow and reserve as assessed by E-Doppler TTE trumps coronary anatomy as assessed by CTA, without exposing the patient to harmful radiation and iodinated contrast medium.

scholarly journals One-shot BRDF imaging system to obtain surface properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ohno ◽  
Takahiro Kamikawa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function ◽  
Bidirectional Reflectance ◽  
Color Mapping ◽  
System A ◽  
Cone Surface ◽  
Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution

AbstractThe bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) that describes an angle-resolved distribution of surface reflectance is available for characterizing surface properties of a material. A one-shot BRDF imaging system can capture an in-plane color mapping of light direction extracted from a surface BRDF distribution. A surface roughness identification method is then proposed here using the imaging system. A difference between surface properties of a matt paper and a glossy paper is experimentally shown to be detected using the method. A surface reconstruction method of an axisymmetric micro-object using the imaging system is also proposed here. The imaging system experimentally shows that it can reconstruct an axisymmetric aluminium cone surface with a height of 37 μm.

scholarly journals Electro-peroxone treatment of rice grain based distillery biodigester effluent: COD and color removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 100142
Author(s):  
Savita Dubey ◽  
Amita Joshi ◽  
Rashmi Trivedi ◽  
Dharm Pal ◽  
Abhinesh Kumar Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Color Removal ◽  
Rice Grain

Reusability of Fenton Sludge to Reduce COD and Color on Palm Oil Mill Secondary Effluent (POMSE)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Shairah Ahmad Shahrifun ◽  
Norul Nazilah Ab’lah ◽  
Hazilia Hussain ◽  
Azmi Aris ◽  
Qistina Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Fenton Oxidation ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

This paper reports on the reusability of iron sludge generated from the solar Fenton oxidation on Palm Oil Mill Secondary Effluent (POMSE) samples. The aim of this study was to observe the reusability of Fenton sludge to be used as iron sources for reducing the COD and color of POMSE. The feasibility of iron sludge was determined by recycling the iron sludge five times. Result showed that the percentage removal of COD and color was generally reduced from fresh iron used (F1) to Recycled 1 (R1) and eventually Recycle 5 (R5). The percentage removal of COD for F1, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 were 83.8%, 71.2%, 40.3%, 45.1%, 39% and 35.9% respectively. Meanwhile the color removal for F1-R5 were 97.18%, 87.29%, 75.33%, 73.08%, 68.60% and 70.84% respectively. The amount of ferrous iron and total iron in supernatant however, fluctuated between 0.00 to 0.37 and 2.86 to 9.24mg/L respectively. Amount of iron that remained in the sludge in every cycle starting from F1 to R5 were 7271, 7404, 7275, 7546, 7238 and 7025mg iron/kg sludge respectively. In conclusion, it was justifiable to recycle Fenton sludge as a high amount of iron remained even after the fifth time of recycling.

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