High speed wide field CMOS camera for Transneptunian Automatic Occultation Survey

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiang-Yu Wang ◽  
John C. Geary ◽  
Stephen M. Amato ◽  
Yen-Sang Hu ◽  
Hung-Hsu Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Cmos Camera

The Compression-Ignition Engine and Its Applicability to British Railway Traction

1933 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. R. Fell
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Electric Locomotive ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Railway Traction

The author considers that, while the internal combustion engine is not universally applicable to British railway traction, there is a wide field which can be more economically covered by the oil engine than by other means. Electric transmission is, in spite of high first cost, the most readily adaptable for use in conjunction with the oil engine, and possesses a balance of advantages over all other known systems. The oil-electric locomotive offers a long list of important advantages for railway operation not possessed by other systems. These advantages are, however, offset by high first cost for powers of 1,000 b.h.p. and over. A comparison is drawn between the first cost of steam and oil-electric locomotives for the various duties called for in the service of a British railway. This shows that, while the first cost of the oil-electric main line express passenger locomotive is three times that of the existing steam locomotive, the first costs of branch passenger, medium goods, and shunting steam and oil-electric engines are comparable. This is owing to the cost per brake horse-power required diminishing with increase of size in the case of the steam locomotive, whereas it remains constant in the case of the oil-electric. Owing to the high rate of acceleration necessary the use of the oil-electric system is considered unsuitable as a substitute for dependent electrification of suburban lines. The railway oil engine is a specialized requirement. It must be of the high-speed type running at speeds of up to 1,500 r.p.m., in order to reduce first cost and for other reasons. Details are given of various types of British compression-ignition engines which are considered suitable for British railway work. The author deduces that an engine of twelve-cylinder “V” type and an engine with six cylinders in line, both incorporating the same design and size of cylinder, would fill all the requirements which can be economically met by the oil engine on a British railway. He selects the single sleeve-valve engine design as having the greatest balance of advantages in its favour for railway purposes. Attention is drawn to the importance of simplifying the installation of the compression-ignition engine and various suggestions are put forward to this end. In conclusion the author stresses the importance of the railway companies giving a lead to the internal combustion engine industry as to the railway requirements in size and type of engine, and states that it is the purpose of his paper to assist those concerned in arriving at this immediately important decision.

scholarly journals Label Free High Speed Wide Field Imaging of Single Microtubules using Interference Reflection Microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 504a-505a
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahamdeh ◽  
Steve Simmert ◽  
Anna Łuchniak ◽  
Erik Schäffer ◽  
Jonathon Howard
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Field Imaging ◽  
Wide Field Imaging

scholarly journals Enabling high-speed wide-field dynamic imaging in multifocal photoacoustic computed microscopy: a simulation study

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (14) ◽  
pp. 3724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Wan ◽  
Yihang Zhou ◽  
Leslie Ying ◽  
Jing Meng ◽  
Liang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Field Dynamic

Ca2+ spark sites in smooth muscle cells are numerous and differ in number of ryanodine receptors, large-conductance K+ channels, and coupling ratio between them

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (6) ◽  
pp. C1577-C1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghua ZhuGe ◽  
Kevin E. Fogarty ◽  
Stephen P. Baker ◽  
John G. McCarron ◽  
Richard A. Tuft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Coupling Ratio ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
High Speed Imaging

Ca2+ sparks are highly localized Ca2+ transients caused by Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum through ryanodine receptors (RyR). In smooth muscle, Ca2+ sparks activate nearby large-conductance, Ca2+-sensitive K+ (BK) channels to generate spontaneous transient outward currents (STOC). The properties of individual sites that give rise to Ca2+ sparks have not been examined systematically. We have characterized individual sites in amphibian gastric smooth muscle cells with simultaneous high-speed imaging of Ca2+ sparks using wide-field digital microscopy and patch-clamp recording of STOC in whole cell mode. We used a signal mass approach to measure the total Ca2+ released at a site and to estimate the Ca2+ current flowing through RyR [ ICa(spark)]. The variance between spark sites was significantly greater than the intrasite variance for the following parameters: Ca2+ signal mass, ICa(spark), STOC amplitude, and 5-ms isochronic STOC amplitude. Sites that failed to generate STOC did so consistently, while those at the remaining sites generated STOC without failure, allowing the sites to be divided into STOC-generating and STOC-less sites. We also determined the average number of spark sites, which was 42/cell at a minimum and more likely on the order of at least 400/cell. We conclude that 1) spark sites differ in the number of RyR, BK channels, and coupling ratio of RyR-BK channels, and 2) there are numerous Ca2+ spark-generating sites in smooth muscle cells. The implications of these findings for the organization of the spark microdomain are explored.

High-speed wide-field photoacoustic microscopy with enhanced sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyojin Kim ◽  
Jin Young Kim ◽  
Jinwoo Baik ◽  
Seonghee Cho ◽  
Chulhong Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Photoacoustic Microscopy ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity

Design of high speed linear CMOS camera system based on GL0816 sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
张军亮 ZHANG Jun-liang ◽  
戚 涛 QI Tao ◽  
李 晖 LI Hui ◽  
乔 健 QIAO Jian
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cmos Camera ◽  
Camera System

A low-cost high-speed CMOS camera for scientific imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 075403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Duke ◽  
Thomas Knast ◽  
Bhavraj Thethy ◽  
Luis Gisler ◽  
Daniel Edgington-Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cmos Camera

Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Laminar Burning Speed of Propane–Air Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai C. Yelishala ◽  
Ziyu Wang ◽  
Hameed Metghalchi ◽  
Yiannis A. Levendis ◽  
Kumaran Kannaiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Cmos Camera ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Schlieren System ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber ◽  
Laminar Burning Speed

This experimental research examined the effect of CO2 as a diluent on the laminar burning speed of propane–air mixtures. Combustion took place at various CO2 concentrations (0–80%), different equivalence ratios (0.7<ϕ<1.2) and over a range of temperatures (298–420 K) and pressures (0.5–6.2 atm). The experiments were performed in a cylindrical constant volume chamber with a Z-shaped Schlieren system, coupled with a high-speed CMOS camera to capture the propagation of the flames at speeds up to 4000 frames per second. The flame stability of these mixtures at different pressures, equivalence ratios, and CO2 concentrations was also studied. Only laminar, spherical, and smooth flames were considered in measuring laminar burning speed. Pressure rise data as a function of time during the flame propagation were the primary input of the multishell thermodynamic model for measuring the laminar burning speed of propane-CO2-air mixtures. The laminar burning speed of such blends was observed to decrease with the addition of CO2 and to increase with the gas temperature. It was also noted that the laminar burning speed decreases with increasing pressure. The collected experimental data were compared with simulation data obtained via a steady one-dimensional (1D) laminar premixed flame code from Cantera, using a detailed H2/CO/C1–C4 kinetics model encompassing 111 species and 784 reactions.

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