Damage threshold investigation using grazing incidence irradiation by hard x-ray free electron laser

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Koyama ◽  
H. Yumoto ◽  
K. Tono ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
T. Togashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Damage thresholds for blaze diffraction gratings and grazing incidence optics at an X-ray free-electron laser

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Krzywinski ◽  
Raymond Conley ◽  
Stefan Moeller ◽  
Grzegorz Gwalt ◽  
Frank Siewert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
High Repetition Rate ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
X Ray

The Linac Coherent Light Source is upgrading its machine to high repetition rate and to extended ranges. Novel coatings, with limited surface oxidation, which are able to work at the carbon edge, are required. In addition, high-resolution soft X-ray monochromators become necessary. One of the big challenges is to design the mirror geometry and the grating profile to have high reflectivity (or efficiency) and at the same time survive the high peak energy of the free-electron laser pulses. For these reasons the experimental damage threshold, at 900 eV, of two platinum-coated gratings with different blazed angles has been investigated. The gratings were tested at 1° grazing incidence. To validate a model for which the damage threshold on the blaze grating can be estimated by calculating the damage threshold of a mirror with an angle of incidence identical to the angle of incidence on the grating plus the blaze angle, tests on Pt-coated substrates have also been performed. The results confirmed the prediction. Uncoated silicon, platinum and SiB3(both deposited on a silicon substrate) were also investigated. In general, the measured damage threshold at grazing incidence is higher than that calculated under the assumption that there is no energy transport from the volume where the photons are absorbed. However, it was found that, for the case of the SiB3coating, the grazing incidence condition did not increase the damage threshold, indicating that the energy transport away from the extinction volume is negligible.

scholarly journals Nanofocusing of X-ray free-electron lasers by grazing-incidence reflective optics

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuto Yamauchi ◽  
Makina Yabashi ◽  
Haruhiko Ohashi ◽  
Takahisa Koyama ◽  
Tetsuya Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laser Focusing ◽  
Diagnosis Method

Total-reflection mirror devices for X-ray free-electron laser focusing are discussed in terms of optical design, mirror-fabrication technology, a wavefront diagnosis method and radiation-damage testing, as a review of the present status of the focusing optics at the SPring-8 angstrom compact free-electron laser (SACLA). Designed beam sizes of 1 µm and 50 nm, and spot sizes almost matching prediction have been achieved and used to explore topics at the forefront of natural science. The feasibility of these devices is determined to be sufficient for long-term and stable operation at SACLA by investigating the radiation-damage threshold and achievable accuracies in the mirror figure and alignment.

scholarly journals Damage threshold of platinum/carbon multilayers under hard X-ray free-electron laser irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (22) ◽  
pp. 29032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jangwoo Kim ◽  
Ayaka Nagahira ◽  
Takahisa Koyama ◽  
Satoshi Matsuyama ◽  
Yasuhisa Sano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Damage threshold of platinum coating used for optics for self-seeding of soft x-ray free electron laser

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 5397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Krzywinski ◽  
Daniele Cocco ◽  
Stefan Moeller ◽  
Daniel Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Platinum Coating

scholarly journals An X-ray harmonic separator for next-generation synchrotron X-ray sources and X-ray free-electron lasers

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Inoue ◽  
Taito Osaka ◽  
Kenji Tamasaku ◽  
Haruhiko Ohashi ◽  
Hiroshi Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Incidence Geometry ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Undulator Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grazing Incidence Geometry ◽  
Selection Of

An X-ray prism for the extraction of a specific harmonic of undulator radiation is proposed. By using the prism in a grazing incidence geometry, the beam axes of fundamental and harmonics of undulator radiation are separated with large angles over 10 µrad, which enables the selection of a specific harmonic with the help of apertures, while keeping a high photon flux. The concept of the harmonic separation was experimentally confirmed using X-ray beams from the X-ray free-electron laser SACLA.

scholarly journals Experimental study of EUV mirror radiation damage resistance under long-term free-electron laser exposures below the single-shot damage threshold

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor A. Makhotkin ◽  
Ryszard Sobierajski ◽  
Jaromir Chalupský ◽  
Kai Tiedtke ◽  
Gosse de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Bragg Reflection ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Angle Of Incidence

The durability of grazing- and normal-incidence optical coatings has been experimentally assessed under free-electron laser irradiation at various numbers of pulses up to 16 million shots and various fluence levels below 10% of the single-shot damage threshold. The experiment was performed at FLASH, the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg, using 13.5 nm extreme UV (EUV) radiation with 100 fs pulse duration. Polycrystalline ruthenium and amorphous carbon 50 nm thin films on silicon substrates were tested at total external reflection angles of 20° and 10° grazing incidence, respectively. Mo/Si periodical multilayer structures were tested in the Bragg reflection condition at 16° off-normal angle of incidence. The exposed areas were analysed post-mortem using differential contrast visible light microscopy, EUV reflectivity mapping and scanning X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analysis revealed that Ru and Mo/Si coatings exposed to the highest dose and fluence level show a few per cent drop in their EUV reflectivity, which is explained by EUV-induced oxidation of the surface.

scholarly journals Lifetime and damage threshold properties of reflective x-ray coatings for the LCLS free-electron laser

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Soufli ◽  
Mónica Fernández-Perea ◽  
Stefan P. Hau-Riege ◽  
Sherry L. Baker ◽  
Jeff C. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
X Ray

Damage threshold of coating materials on x-ray mirror for x-ray free electron laser

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 051801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahisa Koyama ◽  
Hirokatsu Yumoto ◽  
Takanori Miura ◽  
Kensuke Tono ◽  
Tadashi Togashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
X Ray

Comparative study of the X-ray reflectivity and in-depth profile of a-C, B4C and Ni coatings at 0.1–2 keV

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Kozhevnikov ◽  
E. O. Filatova ◽  
A. A. Sokolov ◽  
A. S. Konashuk ◽  
F. Siewert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depth Profile ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Grazing Angle ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mirror Reflectivity ◽  
Carbon Absorption

The use of soft X-rays near the carbon edge of absorption (270–300 eV) greatly enhances studies in various branches of science. However, the choice of reflecting coatings for mirrors operating in free-electron and X-ray free-electron laser (FEL and XFEL) beamlines in this spectral range is not so evident and experimental justifications of the mirror efficiency are rather limited. In the present paper it is demonstrated experimentally that the reflectivity of B4C- and Ni-coated grazing-incidence mirrors is high enough for their operation in FEL or XFEL beamlines near the carbonK-edge of absorption. The minimal reflectivity of both mirrors proves to exceed 80% near the carbon absorption edge at a grazing angle of 0.6°. An in-depth profile of the chemical elements composing the reflecting coatings is reconstructed based on analysis of a set of reflectivity curves measuredversusthe grazing angle at different photon energies in the soft X-ray spectral region. This allows us to predict correctly the mirror reflectivity at any X-ray energy and any grazing angle.

X-Ray Free Electron Laser Facility for Next Generation of Scientific Exploration and Discovery

2011 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Etsuo FUJIWARA ◽  
Eiichi ANAYAMA ◽  
Yuichiro KATSUTA ◽  
Toshiki IZUTANI ◽  
Daichi OKUHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
Laser Facility
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