Critical issues in assuring long lifetime and fail-safe operation of optical communications network

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip K. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Optical Communications ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Communications Network ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Fail Safe

Simultaneous Patient-Side Measurement of Hemoglobin, Glucose, and Cholesterol in Finger-Stick Blood

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1658-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Sterling ◽  
T Kiang ◽  
K Subramanian ◽  
M Saltman ◽  
W Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Porous Disk ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Finger Stick ◽  
Patient Side ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Filter Layer

Abstract We describe a multianalyte assay system for patient-side use comprising single-use plastic cartridges and a small monitor. Hemoglobin, glucose, and cholesterol can be simultaneously measured in 3 min in an unmeasured volume of blood. The sample is drawn by capillary action into four channels for delivery to assay-specific stacks containing a set of closely apposed layers. The distal layer is a membrane that acts as the optical surface for reflectance optics. For glucose and cholesterol assays, erythrocytes are removed by a fibrous filter layer and oxidase-peroxidase chemical reactions contained in the optical membrane generate a colored product. For hemoglobin measurement, blood is lysed by detergent contained in a porous disk. The amount of color reaching the optical membrane is measured by fiber optics. To ensure fail-safe operation, sensors verify sample sufficiency and degree of hemolysis. The assays perform comparably with laboratory methods.

scholarly journals Analysis and Experimental Verification of the Demagnetization Vulnerability in Various PM Synchronous Machine Configurations for an EV Application

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5447
Author(s):  
Gilsu Choi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Ipm Machine ◽  
Traction Drives ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
The Impact

Safety is a critical feature for all passenger vehicles, making fail–safe operation of the traction drive system highly important. Increasing demands for traction drives that can operate in challenging environments over wide constant power speed ranges expose permanent magnet (PM) machines to conditions that can cause irreversible demagnetization of rotor magnets. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the demagnetization vulnerability in PM machines for an electric vehicle (EV) application is presented. The first half of the paper presents rotor demagnetization characteristics of several different PM machines to investigate the impact of different design configurations on demagnetization and to identify promising machine geometries that have higher demagnetization resistance. Experimental verification results of rotor demagnetization in an interior PM (IPM) machine are presented in the latter half of the paper. The experimental tests were carried out on a specially designed locked-rotor test setup combined with closed-loop magnet temperature control. Experimental results confirm that both local and global demagnetization damage can be accurately predicted by time-stepped finite element (FE) analysis.

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