Stokes polarimetry imaging of rat tail tissue in a turbid medium: degree of linear polarization image maps using incident linearly polarized light

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 014031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Wu ◽  
Joseph T. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Turbid Medium ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Polarization Image ◽  
Stokes Polarimetry ◽  
Rat Tail

scholarly journals Polarization perception in humans: on the origin of and relationship between Maxwell’s spot and Haidinger’s brushes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Misson ◽  
Shelby E. Temple ◽  
Stephen J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Retinal Images ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Absorption Of Light ◽  
Linearly Polarized

AbstractUnder specific conditions of illumination and polarization, differential absorption of light by macular pigments is perceived as the entoptic phenomena of Maxwell’s spot (MS) or Haidinger’s brushes (HB). To simulate MS and HB, an existing computational model of polarization-dependent properties of the human macula was extended by incorporating neuronal adaptation to stabilized retinal images. The model predicted that polarized light modifies the appearance of MS leading to the perception of a novel phenomenon. The model also predicted a correlation between the observed diameters of MS and HB. Predictions were tested psychophysically in human observers, whose measured differences in the diameters of each entoptic phenomenon generated with depolarized and linearly polarized light were consistent with the model simulations. These findings support a common origin of each phenomenon, and are relevant to the clinical use of polarization stimuli in detecting and monitoring human eye disorders, including macular degeneration. We conclude: (i) MS and HB both result from differential light absorption through a radial diattenuator, compatible with the arrangement of macular pigments in Henle fibres; (ii) the morphology of MS is dependent on the degree of linear polarization; (iii) perceptual differences between MS and HB result from different states of neural adaptation.

scholarly journals Interstellar Circular Polarization and the Composition of Interstellar Dust

1973 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Circular Polarization ◽  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Interstellar Dust ◽  
Principal Axis ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Position Angle ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Small Component ◽  
Linearly Polarized

This paper shows that optical observations of circular polarization produced by aligned interstellar grains could yield valuable information about the grain material. The interstellar medium is known to be linearly dichroic from observations of interstellar linear polarization; many different grain models using a large variety of compositions can be found to reproduce these observations. Since the same aligned grains make the medium linearly birefringent, a small component of circular polarization can result from incident linearly polarized light if the position angle of the linear polarization does not coincide with either principal axis of the medium. Here calculations are presented to demonstrate that the wavelength of the circular polarization is sensitive to the imaginary part of the complex refractive index of the grain material. This provides an opportunity of investigating whether the grains are characteristically dielectric or metallic. Some possible observations are suggested.

Backscattering target detection in a turbid medium by use of circularly and linearly polarized light

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Kartazayeva ◽  
Xiaohui Ni ◽  
R. R. Alfano
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Turbid Medium ◽  
Linearly Polarized

scholarly journals Neural processing of linearly and circularly polarized light signal in a mantis shrimp Haptosquilla pulchella

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (22) ◽  
pp. jeb219832
Author(s):  
Tsyr-Huei Chiou ◽  
Ching-Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Circular Polarization ◽  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarization Vision ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Vector Angle

ABSTRACTStomatopods, or mantis shrimp, are the only animal group known to possess circular polarization vision along with linear polarization vision. By using the rhabdomere of a distally located photoreceptor as a wave retarder, the eyes of mantis shrimp are able to convert circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. As a result, their circular polarization vision is based on the linearly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors commonly found in many arthropods. To investigate how linearly and circularly polarized light signals might be processed, we presented a dynamic polarized light stimulus while recording from photoreceptors or lamina neurons in intact mantis shrimp Haptosquilla pulchella. The results indicate that all the circularly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors also showed differential responses to the changing e-vector angle of linearly polarized light. When stimulated with linearly polarized light of varying e-vector angle, most photoreceptors produced a concordant sinusoidal response. In contrast, some lamina neurons doubled the response frequency in reacting to linearly polarized light. These responses resembled a rectified sum of two-channel linear polarization-sensitive photoreceptors, indicating that polarization visual signals are processed at or before the first optic lobe. Noticeably, within the lamina, there was one type of neuron that showed a steady depolarization response to all stimuli except right-handed circularly polarized light. Together, our findings suggest that, between the photoreceptors and lamina neurons, linearly and circularly polarized light may be processed in parallel and differently from one another.

Linear Polarization and the Dynamics of Circumstellar Disks of Classical Be Stars

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S307) ◽  
pp. 377-378
Author(s):  
Robbie J. Halonen ◽  
Carol E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Circumstellar Disks ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
Stellar Radiation ◽  
Circumstellar Gas ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Spherically Symmetric Distribution ◽  
Be Star ◽  
Dynamical Nature

AbstractThe intrinsic linearly polarized light arising from electron scattering of stellar radiation in a non-spherically symmetric distribution of gas is a characterizing feature of classical Be stars. The distinct polarimetric signature provides a mean for directly probing the physical and geometric properties of the gaseous material enveloping these rapidly-rotating massive stars. Using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer computation and a self-consistent radiative equilibrium solution for the circumstellar gas, we explore the role of this observable signature in investigating the dynamical nature of classical Be star disks. In particular, we focus on the potential for using linearly polarized light to develop diagnostics of mass-loss events and to trace the evolution of the gas in a circumstellar disk. An informed context for interpreting the observed linear polarization signature can play an important role in identifying the physical process(es) which govern the formation and dissipation of the gaseous disks surrounding classical Be stars.

scholarly journals Энергетический обмен при встречном двухволновом взаимодействии в кристалле Bi-=SUB=-12-=/SUB=-GeO-=SUB=-20-=/SUB=- среза (001)

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
В.Н. Навныко ◽  
А.В. Макаревич ◽  
В.В. Юдицкий ◽  
С.М. Шандаров
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Holographic Grating ◽  
Object Wave ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Volume Reflection ◽  
Bi12geo20 Crystal

The regularities of energy transfer between two linearly polarized light waves as their contra-directional mixing on a volume reflection holographic grating formed in a photorefractive Bi12GeO20 crystal of the (001)-cut are analyzed. The values of the crystal thickness and the azimuths of the linear polarization of the light waves, at which the amplification of the object wave is achieved, are determined. The change in the direction of energy transfer to the opposite, depending on the thickness of the crystal, has been experimentally demonstrated.

scholarly journals Full-Stokes polarimetry with circularly polarized feeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
pp. A68 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Myserlis ◽  
E. Angelakis ◽  
A. Kraus ◽  
C. A. Liontas ◽  
N. Marchili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Polarization ◽  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Stokes Parameters ◽  
Polarization Degree ◽  
Polarization Angle ◽  
Instrumental Effects ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Stokes Polarimetry

We present an analysis pipeline that enables the recovery of reliable information for all four Stokes parameters with high accuracy. Its novelty relies on the effective treatment of the instrumental effects even before the computation of the Stokes parameters, contrary to conventionally used methods such as that based on the Müller matrix. For instance, instrumental linear polarization is corrected across the whole telescope beam and significant Stokes Q and U can be recovered even when the recorded signals are severely corrupted by instrumental effects. The accuracy we reach in terms of polarization degree is of the order of 0.1–0.2%. The polarization angles are determined with an accuracy of almost 1°. The presented methodology was applied to recover the linear and circular polarization of around 150 active galactic nuclei, which were monitored between July 2010 and April 2016 with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope at 4.85 GHz and 8.35 GHz with a median cadence of 1.2 months. The polarized emission of the Moon was used to calibrate the polarization angle measurements. Our analysis showed a small system-induced rotation of about 1° at both observing frequencies. Over the examined period, five sources have significant and stable linear polarization; three sources remain constantly linearly unpolarized; and a total of 11 sources have stable circular polarization degree mc, four of them with non-zero mc. We also identify eight sources that maintain a stable polarization angle. All this is provided to the community for future polarization observations reference. We finally show that our analysis method is conceptually different from those traditionally used and performs better than the Müller matrix method. Although it has been developed for a system equipped with circularly polarized feeds, it can easily be generalized to systems with linearly polarized feeds as well.

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