scholarly journals Prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in the vulnerable spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) from the central-western of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Hassan El Mouden ◽  
El Mustapha Laghzaoui ◽  
Omar Amahmid ◽  
Abdelaziz Abbad
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Mcmaster Technique ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Almost All

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in wild Testudo graeca tortoises in Morocco. A total of 102 tortoises sampled in two arid areas: Central Jbilets Mountains (CJM) and Sidi Kaouki Forest (SKF) were macroscopically examined and subjected to qualitative (flotation and Baermann techniques) and quantitative (McMaster technique) microscopic examinations. The identified gastrointestinal parasites belong to two nematode families (Pharyngodonidae and Ascarididae) and three protozoa families (Balantidiidae, Eimeriidae and Entamoebidae). 92.1% of tortoises were determined to harbor one or more parasite types. Oxyurid adults were the most frequently encountered with a prevalence of 22.7% and 72.4% in CJM and SKF, respectively. Nematode eggs were found in almost all individuals of both populations studied. The prevalence of protozoa was 9.1% and 3.4% in CJM and SKF, respectively. Oxyurid adults showed the highest intensity in SKF (36.5 ± 30.2) whereas, ascarid adults are absent in CJM. Statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of infection by ascarids was significantly higher in adults than in juveniles. The intensity of infection by ascarid and oxyurid eggs differed significantly between sexes and localities, respectively. Our results showed a difference of infection between the two localities, which could be in relation with habitat quality. SKF is affected by both agriculture and overgrazing. In addition, the tortoises from this locality are active for a large part of the year, which increases their chance of encountering the parasites.

scholarly journals Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster egg counting method for detection of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants: a comparison study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Osires Lustosa Vieira ◽  
Lucia Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Marcos Antônio Bezerra-Santos ◽  
Lucas Azevedo dos Santos ◽  
Carla Lopes de Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Flotac Technique ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

The proper diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants requires the development of multivalent techniques characterized by high sensitivity, specificity, precision, reproducibility, and the ability to quickly detect and monitor infections that pose risks to animal health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Mini-FLOTAC technique and McMaster egg counting (gold standard) in the detection of gastrointestinal parasites of goats and sheep. A total of 789 fecal samples were analyzed (401 of sheep and 388 of goats). From those, nematode eggs were detected in 80.86% (638/789), being 72.57% (291/401) from sheep and 89.43% (347/388) from goats. The Mini-FLOTAC technique presented a better performance to detect helminth eggs in both goats (88.40%; 343/388) and sheep (71.57%; 287/401) (?2 = 10.358; p < 0.0001). Kappa analysis revealed a weak concordance between techniques for goats (k = 0.342; p < 0.001) and sheep (k = 0.281; p < 0.001). Data herein reported suggests that the Mini-FLOTAC is a technique more sensitive than the McMaster egg counting, therefore its use might be adopted for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infection in small ruminants.

scholarly journals Free Sunday-Loss, Deprivation or Welfare

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Elza Jurun ◽  
Nada Ratković ◽  
Bože Vuleta
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Economic Issue ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Maximum Limit ◽  
Demographic Policy

This paper presents the part of results obtained by a comprehensive statistical analysis of public opinion in the issue of work-free Sunday, based on a survey undertaken in the Republic of Croatia in October 2017. The research has been made aiming at providing the answer to the crucial question of whether free Sunday can be considered only as of the economic issue or concerns deeply almost all the spheres of life in general. Moreover, the authors want to show and promote free Sunday as socio-economic phenomena which become a political and ideological issue as a fundamental human right and true notion of human freedom and welfare. Besides, as a member of the European Sunday Alliance, Croatia is the first EU member state which promotes free Sunday as one of the measures of active demographic policy. Along with the results of classical statistical processing of public opinion research, the methodology of this research has also involved the hypothesis testing about differences in the proportions as well as post-stratification of the two-step stratified random sample based on gender, age, size of residence, regions and education level. Even more, than two-thirds of respondents consider important or exceptionally important not-working on Sundays and support the maximum limit of that work.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Effects of Food on the Pharmacokinetic Results in Bioequivalence Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2805-2810
Author(s):  
Ion Mircioiu ◽  
Valentina Anuta ◽  
Constantin Mircioiu ◽  
Victor Voicu ◽  
Roxana Sandulovici
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Lower Effect ◽  
Almost All

Paper presents the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole and on the extraction yield of its internal standard, lansoprazole. The experimental data were obtained over three bioequivalence studies performed by the authors. Statistical analysis of plasma level curves of omeprazole indicated that food induces a delay of the time of maximum concentrations, but had a lower effect on maximum concentration and area under curves. Peak areas of lansoprazole were not constant, presenting a similar pattern in all seven periods of the clinical experiment, both in feeding and fasting conditions: an increase after the standard meal at four hours from the administration of drug followed by relatively constant, but higher areas afterwards. Statistical analysis of data (1500 points) in the 3 - 6 h interval, i.e. from immediately before until two hours after food intake revealed a two phase effect: an initial decrease of areas followed by an increase to a higher level than in the preprandial conditions, leading to the appearance of a minimum in curves one hour after food intake. In almost all cases a good parabolic fitting of data was obtained, which is in agreement with authors previous results on extraction of ketoconazole from pasma in methylene chloride in the presence of bile salts. The increase of peak areas of lansoprazole from two hours after meal by 24 h lead to an artificial decrease of calculated omeprazole concentrations. This effect could explain the unexpected lack of food effect on the area under curve of omeprazole, observed in the comparison between areas in fasting and fed conditions.

scholarly journals Performance and Statistical Analysis of Stream ciphers in GSM Communications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagendar Yerukala ◽  
V Kamakshi Prasad ◽  
Allam Apparao
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stream Cipher ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Stream Ciphers ◽  
Test Suite ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Given

For a stream cipher to be secure, the keystream generated by it should be uniformly random with parameter 1/2.Statistical tests check whether the given sequence follow a certain probability distribution. In this paper, we perform a detailed statistical analysis of various stream ciphers used in GSM 2G,3G, 4G and 5G communications. The sequences output by these ciphers are checked for randomness using the statistical tests defined by the NIST Test Suite. It should also be not possible to derive any information about secret key and the initial state ofthe cipher from the keystream. Therefore, additional statisticaltests based on properties like Correlation between Keystreamand Key, and Correlation between Keystream and IV are also performed. Performance analysis of the ciphers also has been done and the results tabulated. Almost all the ciphers pass thetests in the NIST test suite with 99% confidence level. For A5/3stream cipher, the correlation between the keystream and key is high and correlation between the keystream and IV is low when compared to other ciphers in the A5 family.

scholarly journals Livestock redistribute runoff and sediments in semi-arid rangeland areas

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sarah ◽  
M. Zonana
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Surface Patches ◽  
Sediment Deposits ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Semi-arid areas where grazing is the main land use exhibit a "three-phase-mosaic" pattern of dominant surface patches: shrubs, trampling routes, and intershrub areas. This pattern differs from the "two-phase mosaic" seen in grazing-free semi-arid areas. The patches might create a positive feedback process in which enhanced infiltration beneath shrubs minimizes overland flow from under their canopies, thereby strengthening the sink–source mechanism by which overland flow generated between shrubs rapidly infiltrates into the soil beneath them, where it deposits soil particles, litter, nutrients and organic matter, thereby enhancing infiltration by changing the local microtopography, and improving soil properties. To analyze sink–source relationships among the patches in grazed areas in rangelands of the semi-arid northern Negev region of Israel, we constructed small runoff plots, 0.25–1.0 m2 in area, of five types: shrub (Sarcopoterium spinosum), intershrub, route, route–shrub combination, and intershrub–shrub combination. The shrubs always occupied the downslope part of the plot. Overland flow and sediment deposits were measured in all plots during 2007/8 and 2008/9. The combined plots yielded much less overland flow and sediments than intershrub, routes and shrub ones, indicating that the shrubs absorbed almost all the yields of the upper part of their plots. The shrubs generated less runoff and sediments than routes and intershrubs; runoff flows from the routes and intershrubs were similar; sediment yield was highest in the intershrubs. Thus, runoff yield exhibited a two-phase mosaic pattern, and sediment yield, i.e., soil erosion, a three-phase mosaic pattern.

scholarly journals Anaesthesia in Dental Medicine with Local Infiltrative Anaesthetic Technique Versus Diploe Anaesthesia Delivery Systems: Efficacy and Behaviour, an Experimental Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Marques-Ferreira ◽  
Eunice Carrilho ◽  
Siri Paulo ◽  
Teresa Carrilho ◽  
José Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Anaesthetic Techniques ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Electrical Test ◽  
Anaesthesia Delivery ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy and the influence of local infiltrative anesthesia techniques, with diploe anesthesia, on the cardiac rhythmMaterial and Methods: We selected 32 healthy volunteers who were given both anaesthetic techniques on tooth 1.4 (0.45 mL of lidocaine with adrenaline, 1:80 000). In the first phase, the volunteers underwent periapical infiltrative anaesthesia. In the second phase, diploe anaesthesia was performed with a QuickSleeper® device. The parameters analysed were pulp response to the electrical test and heart rate of the participants. These parameters were evaluated on five different occasions: before anaesthesia (t0), immediately after anaesthesia (t1), 15 minutes later (t15), 30 minutes later (t30) and 60 minutes later (t60). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 2.0 software, with α = 0.05.Results: With the diploe anaesthesia, a level of analgesia was obtained faster. There was a slight increase in heart rate soon after administration of diploe anaesthesia, which stabilized after t15 of the procedure. This technique still proved to be painless.Conclusion: Diploe anaesthesia demonstrated better results in terms of analgesia than the infiltrative anaesthesia. It has been reported to be easy, safe and an effective procedure that allows anaesthesia in almost all clinical situations. This approach may offer particular advantages for endodontic therapy, providing greater comfort for the patient.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SIFAT KIMIA TEPUNG DAN PATI SORGUM DARI VARIETAS BIOGUMA DAN LOKAL DI PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Adnan Nur Avif ◽  
Aptika Oktaviana TD
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Calcium Iron

Sorghum is a cereal that thrives in arid areas. In Indonesia, sorghum has been cultivated in several regions, but the quantity is still limited. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical properties of Bioguma sorghum developed by the Ministry of Agriculture where is grown in Nusa Tenggara Timur compared to local varieties of red sorghum. Sorghum flour and starch were analyzed for crude protein, water, ash, fat, and crudes fiber, starch and its components, and mineral profiles (calcium, iron, and zinc). Statistical analysis showed significant differences in nutrient composition in the flour and starch of Bioguma sorghum and red sorghum. The amylose content in flour affects the swelling and solubility of sorghum.

scholarly journals Exploration and prevalence of gastrointestinal worm in buffalo from West Java, Central Java, East Java and Lombok, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Wahyudin Abd. Karim ◽  
Achmad Farajallah ◽  
Bambang Suryobroto
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Free Living ◽  
West Java ◽  
Mcmaster Technique ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Faecal Samples

The studies of parasites in buffaloes have not been widely explored. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of gastrointestinal worm infection in buffaloes. The fresh faecal samples were collected from 89 buffaloes and observed by a modified McMaster technique. The faecal of buffaloes were collected in Bogor, Demak, East Java, and Lombok. The results of identification on gastrointestinal parasites show that there were one cestode and eight nematode. The total prevalence and infestation of cestodes and nematodes was found highest in Bogor. The prevalence and infestation of differences in geographical conditions were found highest in Bogor. The prevalence of gastrointestinal worm in males were highest than female, whereas for larger was found in females. The prevalence of gastrointestinal worms was found at age 1 year, whereas a larger infestation was found at the age of 1-5 years. The calculation of FEC in Bogor was 840 EPG, in Demak 375 EPG, in East Java 570 EPG and in Lombok 13 EPG. This study informed that there were nine genera of gastrointestinal worm found in Java and five genera in Lombok. Types larvae were found six i.e Strongyloides, Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum and free living larvae.

THE IDENTIFICATION OF HELMINTHS AND COCCIDIA INFECTION FROM GOATS IN TWO FARMS IN KUALA TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hazirah Hisamuddin ◽  
Najat Hashim ◽  
Sharmeen Nellisa Soffian ◽  
Raja Nur Rahifah Inani Raja Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mardhiah Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Mcmaster Technique ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Near Future

Helminths and coccidia are major causative agents causing parasitic infections in livestock production. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal helminths and coccidia in goats in Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 227 goats which consists of 107 adult goats and 120 young goats were selected randomly from two farms located in Terengganu, Malaysia. Sodium chloride flotation technique was used to identify helminths eggs and coccidia oocysts. The number of eggs per gram and faecal oocysts count were determined by using modified McMaster technique. Out of 227 goats, 221 goats were positive for gastrointestinal parasites giving the overall prevalence 97.36%. The highest prevalence was recorded for Eimeria (89%) followed by Strongyloides (46.3%), Strongyle (18.1%), Monezia (10.6%) and the lowest prevalence was recorded for Trichuris spp. (9.7%). Coccidia oocyst counts were significantly higher in young goats as compared to adult goats while the Strongyle and Strongyloides egg counts were significantly higher in adult goats compared to young goats (P<0.05). The findings of this study suggested that good management practices and proper hygiene management are important to combat the infection so that there will be no case of parasitic infection among goats in the near future in Terengganu.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation and efficacy of strategic-selective treatment of gastrointestinal parasites in dairy calves

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuly Andrea Caicedo Blanco ◽  
Jonata de Melo Barbieri ◽  
Renato Ribeiro de Lima ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Lopes ◽  
Eduardo Mitke Brandão Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Holstein Calves

Abstract In the Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (EF-UFLA), state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, on their day of birth, female Holstein calves were randomly selected and placed into two groups containing fifteen animals each: Strategic-Selective Treatment (S-ST) or Conventional Treatment (CT). In the S-ST, calves were treated after coproparasitological examinations according to criteria established previously by the researchers. Calves in the CT were treated according to the opinion of the veterinarian of EF-UFLA. For statistical analysis, the frequency (%) of fecal samples with count of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) ≥300, count of oocysts per gram of feces (OoPG) ≥500 and fecal samples with count of cysts of Giardia spp. ≥1 were conducted. The overall average frequency of fecal samples with EPG ≥300, OoPG ≥500 and Giardia spp. cysts ≥1, respectively, was similar (p >0.05) between S-ST (20.3%; 17.3%; and 31.5%) and CT (26.4%; 23.9%; and 37.3%). The effective operational cost, per animal, in 12 months, was of R$ 784.58 (US$ 241.41) and R$ 83.90 (US$ 25.81) in S-ST and CT, respectively. The S-ST requires adjustments to be used as a technically efficient and economically viable alternative for the control of gastrointestinal parasitosis in female Holstein calves.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document