scholarly journals Bakeout controller for the use of helium closed‐cycle refrigerators in ultrahigh vacuum applications

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1939-1941
Author(s):  
Francis G. Celii ◽  
Paul M. Whitmore ◽  
Kenneth C. Janda
Keyword(s):  
Ultrahigh Vacuum ◽  
Closed Cycle

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ECONOMIC CONCEPT OF A CLOSED CYCLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
A. V. SAMOYLOV ◽  
◽  
A. P. DROZDOVA ◽  
S. M. MOLCHANOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Improved Design

The article discusses the basic principles of the implementation of the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy model. The article summarizes the existing problems that require solutions to create new jobs, increase economic growth, and create a balance between the economy, environment and population. The authors present examples of building a circular economy model in foreign countries. The importance of the tasks of implementing and promoting the circular economy was revealed, thanks to the involvement of all participants in the society in this process and the motivation for companies and investors. Effective tools for moving society towards a resource-efficient closed-cycle economy, increasing energy efficiency, energy conservation and reducing the energy intensity of the gross domestic product, due to the entry into a competitive level of renewable energy sources are investigated. The introduction of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in automated accounting of resource consumption, as well as the improvement of accounting rules will create opportunities for the end user to manage resource consumption taking into account the principles of a circular economy. The authors' study emphasizes that circular economy products and services should minimize resource use and promote reuse, recovery and recycling of materials in the future, leveraging existing product policy instruments, further support for the repair sector, improved design for reuse, and high-quality packaging recycling. The authors in the article propose to legislate the subsidizing of enterprises participating in the circular chain and subsidizing innovative developments in the field of the circular economy in the Russian Federation.

IONIZATION GAGE FOR ULTRAHIGH VACUUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
V. K. Bazylev ◽  
◽  
A. M. Zhidkov ◽  
V. A. Korotchenko ◽  
V. E. Skvortsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrahigh Vacuum

Ultrahigh-Vacuum Electron Microscopy for Gold Nanostructures

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 920-921
Author(s):  
Yukihito Kondo ◽  
Kimiharu Okamoto ◽  
Mikio Naruse ◽  
Toshikazu Honda ◽  
Mike Kersker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Ultrahigh Vacuum ◽  
Gold Nanostructures ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Column Type ◽  
Schottky Type

Ultrahigh-vacuum transmission electron microscopy (UHVTEM) has become increasingly popular for the direct observation of nanostructures having clean surfaces, since industrial requirements to make and research nano-scale materials have been rapidly growing for quantum or nanoscale electronic devices. Since we have first developed high resolution UHVTEM in 1986, the UHVTEMs have been evolved with steady advances such as UHV compatible goniometer, field emission gun or etc. Furthermore, the UHVTEM started to combine analytical capabilities such as energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, in-column type energy filter and etc., and to combine STM (scanning tunneling microscope). The UHV technology is essential for the analysis, because the portion of contaminant in a nano-scale specimen increases as the size of the specimen goes down. This paper reports the results of gold nanostructures by recently the developed UHVTEM.Figure 1 shows recently developed UHVTEM with Schottky type field emission gun.

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