Abnormal thin film structures in vapor-phase deposited methylammonium lead iodide perovskite

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 060601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Llanos ◽  
Emmanuel S. Thibau ◽  
Zheng-Hong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

scholarly journals Importance of methylammonium iodide partial pressure and evaporation onset for the growth of co-evaporated methylammonium lead iodide absorbers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl L. Heinze ◽  
Oleksandr Dolynchuk ◽  
Thomas Burwig ◽  
Jaykumar Vaghani ◽  
Roland Scheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

AbstractVacuum-based co-evaporation promises to bring perovskite solar cells to larger scales, but details of the film formation from the physical vapor phase are still underexplored. In this work, we investigate the growth of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI$$_3$$ 3 ) absorbers prepared by co-evaporation of methylammonium iodide (MAI) and lead iodide (PbI$$_2$$ 2 ) using an in situ X-ray diffraction setup. This setup allows us to characterize crystallization and phase evolution of the growing thin film. The total chamber pressure strongly increases during MAI evaporation. We therefore assume the total chamber pressure to be mainly built up by an MAI atmosphere during deposition and use it to control the MAI evaporation. At first, we optimize the MAI to PbI$$_2$$ 2 impingement ratios by varying the MAI pressure at a constant PbI$$_2$$ 2 flux rate. We find a strong dependence of the solar cell device performance on the chamber pressure achieving efficiencies > 14$$\%$$ % in a simple n-i-p structure. On the road to further optimizing the processing conditions we vary the onset time of the PbI$$_2$$ 2 and MAI deposition by delaying the start of the MAI evaporation by t = 0/8/16 min. This way, PbI$$_2$$ 2 nucleates as a seed layer with a thickness of up to approximately 20 nm during this initial stage. Device performance benefits from these PbI$$_2$$ 2 seed layers, which also induce strong preferential thin film orientation as evidenced by grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. Our insights into the growth of MAPbI$$_3$$ 3 thin films from the physical vapor phase help to understand the film formation mechanisms and contribute to the further development of MAPbI$$_3$$ 3 and related perovskite absorbers.

Spatially resolved investigation of the defect states in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite bicrystals

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (42) ◽  
pp. 13156-13160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Sirotinskaya ◽  
Christian Fettkenhauer ◽  
Daichi Okada ◽  
Yohei Yamamoto ◽  
Doru C. Lupascu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Defect States ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Modal System ◽  
Trap Formation ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

Introducing a modal system approach for the analytical perovskite thin-film trap physics evaluation. Our study confirms existing models for trap formation in MAPI, substantiating different defect states in the grain boundary and bulk regions.

scholarly journals Ambipolar Transport in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Thin Film Transistors

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeoungmin Ji ◽  
Farjana Haque ◽  
Nhu Thi To Hoang ◽  
Mallory Mativenga
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Selective Transport ◽  
Indium Zinc Oxide ◽  
P Type ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide ◽  
Ambipolar Transport

We report clear room temperature ambipolar transport in ambient-air processed methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with aluminum oxide gate-insulators and indium-zinc-oxide source/drain electrodes. The high ionicity of the MAPbI3 leads to p-type and n-type self-doping, and depending on the applied bias we show that simultaneous or selective transport of electrons and/or holes is possible in a single MAPbI3 TFT. The electron transport (n-type), however, is slightly more pronounced than the hole transport (p-type), and the respective channel resistances range from 5–11 and 44–55 MΩ/μm. Both p-type and n-type TFTs show good on-state characteristics for low driving voltages. It is also shown here that the on-state current of the n-type and p-type TFTs is highest in the slightly PbI2-rich and MAI-rich films, respectively, suggesting controllable n-type or p-type transport by varying precursor ratio.

scholarly journals Intermediate Phase‐Free Process for Methylammonium Lead Iodide Thin Film for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 2102492
Author(s):  
Yeonghun Yun ◽  
Devthade Vidyasagar ◽  
Minho Lee ◽  
Oh Yeong Gong ◽  
Jina Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Free Process ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

Stable Efficient Methylammonium Lead Iodide Thin Film Photodetectors with Highly Oriented Millimeter-Sized Crystal Grains

ACS Photonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Charlotte Clegg ◽  
Max Manning ◽  
Ahmed El Ghanam ◽  
Chen Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Crystal Grains ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

scholarly journals Crystal reorientation in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite thin film with thermal annealing

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 12790-12799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalinee Kavadiya ◽  
Joseph Strzalka ◽  
Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki ◽  
Pratim Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Annealing Procedure ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

Two orientations in perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) film, (110) and (002), were resolved and shown to be affected by the thermal annealing procedure.

Effect of acetic acid concentration on optical properties of lead acetate based methylammonium lead iodide perovskite thin film

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 110456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kindness A. Uyanga ◽  
Sabastine C. Ezike ◽  
Amadi T. Onyedika ◽  
Abdulazeez B. Kareem ◽  
Timothy M. Chiroma
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Acetic Acid Concentration ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

Cation exchange for thin film lead iodide perovskite interconversion

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles E. Eperon ◽  
Clara E. Beck ◽  
Henry J. Snaith
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Organic Cation ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Cation Mobility ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

We demonstrate that we can convert hybrid perovskites between methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) by immersion in solutions of MA or FA iodide at room temperature. The cations diffuse uniformly throughout the bulk films, forming an alloy rather than a bi-layer. Furthermore, this demonstrates good organic cation mobility in these materials.

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