Comparison of positive tone versus negative tone resist pattern collapse behavior

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. C6S6-C6S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ming Yeh ◽  
David E. Noga ◽  
Richard A. Lawson ◽  
Laren M. Tolbert ◽  
Clifford L. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Collapse Behavior ◽  
Negative Tone

Information-Seeking on the Internet

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Singaravelu ◽  
Anne Stewart ◽  
Joanna Adams ◽  
Sue Simkin ◽  
Keith Hawton
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Young People ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Negative Tone

Abstract. Background: The Internet is used by young people at risk of self-harm to communicate, find information, and obtain support. Aims: We aimed to identify and analyze websites potentially accessed by these young people. Method: Six search terms, relating to self-harm/suicide and depression, were input into four search engines. Websites were analyzed for access, content/purpose, and tone. Results: In all, 314 websites were included in the analysis. Most could be accessed without restriction. Sites accessed by self-harm/suicide search terms were mostly positive or preventive in tone, whereas sites accessed by the term ways to kill yourself tended to have a negative tone. Information about self-harm methods was common with specific advice on how to self-harm in 15.8% of sites, encouragement of self-harm in 7.0%, and evocative images of self-harm/suicide in 20.7%. Advice on how to get help was given in 56.1% of sites. Conclusion: Websites relating to suicide or self-harm are easily accessed. Many sites are potentially helpful. However, a significant proportion of sites are potentially harmful through normalizing or encouraging self-harm. Enquiry regarding Internet use should be routinely included while assessing young people at risk.

Media Malaise and the Decline of Legitimacy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Van Aelst
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Political News ◽  
Negative Tone ◽  
Election News ◽  
Over Time

This chapter analyzes media malaise theories and their consequences for legitimacy. These theories argue that the increasing availability of information through new and old media and increasingly negative tone of media are to blame for declining legitimacy. The chapter examines these claims by providing a systematic review of empirical research on media and political support. It first investigates whether news coverage has become more negative over time, and then examines the micro process that might explain the link between media coverage and political support. Empirical evidence suggests that where coverage has become more negative, this occurred before the 1990s and has levelled off since, and is concentrated primarily in election news. Negative political news does have a modest impact on political support once controlled for level of education, but that effect can be positive and negative, depending on the medium, the receiver, and the indicator of political support.

scholarly journals Sandwich panel with in-plane honeycombs in different Poisson's ratio under low to medium impact loads

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Yi Luo ◽  
Ke Yuan ◽  
Lumin Shen ◽  
Jiefu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Compression Performance ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
Collapse Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this study, a series of in-plane hexagonal honeycombs with different Poisson's ratio induced by topological diversity are studied, considering re-entrant, semi-re-entrant and convex cells, respectively. The crushing strength of honeycomb in terms of Poisson's ratio is firstly presented. In the previous research, we have studied the compression performance of honeycomb with different negative Poisson's ratio. In this study, a comparative study on the local impact resistance of different sandwich panels is conducted by considering a spherical projectile with low to medium impact speed. Some critical criteria (i.e. local indentation profile, global deflection, impact force and energy absorption) are adopted to analyze the impact resistance. Finally, an influential mechanism of Poisson's ratio on the local impact resistance of sandwich panel is studied by considering the variation of core strength and post-impact collapse behavior.

Methods of controlling cross-linking in negative-tone resists

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Lawson ◽  
Jun Sung Chun ◽  
Mark Neisser ◽  
Laren M. Tolbert ◽  
Clifford L. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Linking ◽  
Negative Tone

scholarly journals Experimental Study and Development of Design Formula for Estimating the Ultimate Strength of Curved Plates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2379
Author(s):  
Jeong-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Doo-Hwan Park ◽  
Seul-Kee Kim ◽  
Myung-Sung Kim ◽  
Jae-Myung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Large Deflection ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Design Formula ◽  
Deflection Analysis ◽  
Collapse Behavior

The curved plate has been extensively used as a structural member in many industrial fields, especially the shipbuilding industry. The present study investigated the ultimate strength and collapse behavior of the simply supported curved plate under a longitudinal compressive load. To do this, experimental apparatuses for evaluating the buckling collapse test of the curved plates was developed. Then, a series of buckling collapse experiments was carried out by considering the flank angle, slenderness ratio, and aspect ratio of plates. To examine the fundamental buckling and collapse behavior of the curved plate, elastoplastic large deflection analysis was performed using the commercial finite element analysis program. On the basis of both the experimental and FE analysis, the effects of the flank angle, slenderness ratio, and aspect ratio on the characteristics of the buckling and collapse behavior of the curved plates are discussed. Finally, the empirical design formula for predicting the ultimate strength of curved plates was derived. The proposed empirical formula is a good indicator for estimating the behavior of the curved plate.

Systematic Studies of Fullerene Derivative Electron Beam Resists

1999 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. G. Robinson ◽  
R. E. Palmer ◽  
T. Tada ◽  
T. Kanayama ◽  
E. J. Shelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fullerene Derivative ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Negative Tone ◽  
20 Nm

AbstractWe report systematic studies of the response of C60 derivatives to electron beam irradiation. Films of fourteen different mono, tris and tetra adduct methanofullerene C60 derivatives were produced by spin coating on hydrogen terminated silicon substrates. Exposure of the films to a 20 keV electron beam substantially altered the dissolution rate of the derivative films in organic solvents such as monochlorobenzene. All of the derivatives exhibited negative tone resist behaviour with sensitivities between ∼ 8.5 × 10-4 and ∼ 4 × 10-3 C/cm2 107, much higher than that of C60. Features with widths of ∼ 20 nm were produced using these compounds, and the etch ratios of the compounds were found to be more than twice those of a standard novolac based resist (SAL601).

Double exposure using 193nm negative tone photoresist

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoung-han Kim ◽  
Tom Wallow ◽  
Jongwook Kye ◽  
Harry J. Levinson ◽  
Dave White
Keyword(s):  
Double Exposure ◽  
Negative Tone
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