Influence of starting material on analog technology fabrication yield and device component performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Pushpa Mahalingam ◽  
Xiaoju Wu ◽  
Ron Knerr ◽  
Yvonne Patton ◽  
Imran Khan
Keyword(s):  
Starting Material ◽  
Device Component

A trait collection of spring groat barley

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
I.A. Petukhova ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
V.A. Muzapharova ◽  
O.I. Padalka ◽  
T.A. Sheliakina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The goal of our research was to form a collection of groats barley, to search, to select and to evaluate starting material of spring barley for a set of valuable economic traits, technological properties and culinary qualities of barley groats. Results and Discussion. Basing on to the results of assessments, we identified selected 55 spring barley accessions, which were characterized by 17 traits and 75 expression levels. The collection includes accessions from 11 countries; the largest number of accessions (59) are from Ukraine; 39 – from Russia; 10 - from Belarus; 10 - from Germany; 6 - from France; 5 - from Kazakhstan; 4 - from Canada; 3 - from the Czech Republic; 2 – from Great Britain; 1 accesson is from Serbia; and 1 - from Austria. Accessions combining high levels of expression of different traits are the most valuable. They include the following accessions: Doridnyi, Vodohrai, Sviatomykhailivskyi, Svarozhych, Soka, Іlot (UKR). Naked accessions include: Akhilles (UKR), Mayskiy, Oskar, Golozyornyy 1, Omskiy Golozyornyy 1 (RUS), CDC Alamo, CDC Candle (CAN). These varieties can be starting material for creation of new modern high-performance spring groats barley varieties. Ten valuable accessions registered with the NCPGRU (Sovіra, Doridnyi, Soka, Vodohrai, Partner, Yukatan, Avhii, Svarozhych, Baskak, and Virtuoz) were included in the trait groats collection. Conclusions. Basing on the results of multiyear studies, we formed the trait collection of spring groats barley comprising 140 accessions from 11 countries. The collection includes 55 reference accessions that cover 17 traits (plant height, vegetation period, ear length, grain weight per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain shape, grain evenness, vitreousness, culinary qualities of barley groats, etc.) characterized by 75 levels of their expression. The collection is of considerable value for science and education. The accessions selected allow improving the efficiency of breeding to create new varieties with high technological and culinary properties as well as with a set of valuable economic characteristics.

Recent advances on the synthesis of the antidepressant Paroxetine

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Santos ◽  
M. Fernanda Proença ◽  
Ana Joao Rodrigues ◽  
Patricia Patrício ◽  
H. Sofia Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Substitution Pattern ◽  
Biological Probes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Made In

: Paroxetine is a potent inhibitor of serotonin reuptake and is widely prescribed for the treatment of depression and other neurological disorders. The synthesis of paroxetine and the possibility to prepare derivatives with a specific substitution pattern that may allow their use as biological probes, is an attractive topic especially for medicinal chemists engaged in neurosciences research. Considering the extensive work that was developed in the last decade on the total synthesis of paroxetine, this review summarizes the most important contributions in this field, organized according to the reagent that was used as starting material. Most of the methods allowed to prepare paroxetine in 4-9 steps with an overall yield of 9-66%. Despite the progress made in this area, there is still room for improvement, searching for new eco-friendly and sustainable synthetic alternatives.

(+)-3-Carene: Valuable Starting Material for Synthesis of Low-molecular Compounds with Olfactory Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Strub ◽  
Lucyna Balcerzak ◽  
Stanislaw Lochynski
Keyword(s):  
Starting Material ◽  
Molecular Compounds

Construction the A-B bicyclic ring structure of Stemocurtisisne

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Dau Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Mannich Reaction ◽  
Boronic Acid ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Epoxide Ring Opening

: The synthesis of the A-B bicyclic ring structure 3 of the natural product Stemocurtisine is described. The synthesis was accomplished in seven synthetic steps from commercially available L-glutamic acid. The key step involved a borono-Mannich reaction between the hemiaminal 6 and trans-β-styryl boronic acid and trans-β-styrylpotassiumtrifluoroborate to prepare the cis diene 4. Attempts to prepare the A-B-C ring compound 2 via intramolecular epoxide ring opening followed by rearangement under different basic conditions were unsuccessful. Only unreactive starting material was recovered.

Study of hydrogenation of petroleum asphaltenes

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Šebor ◽  
Salvador Reynoso ◽  
Milan Hájek ◽  
Otto Weisser ◽  
Jiří Mostecký
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Region ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Type Analysis ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Petroleum Asphaltenes

Isolated petroleum asphaltenes were subjected to model thermal and catalytic hydrogenation experiments in the temperature region 300-450° C. The course of hydrogenation of the asphaltenes studied is discussed based on 1H-NMR type analysis of the starting material and the hydrogenation products.

scholarly journals New Visualization Models of Designation Pathway and Group Categorization of Device–Drug and Device–Biologic Combination Products Classification in the United States: Analysis of FDA Capsular Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo Uemura ◽  
Hiroshi Kasanuki ◽  
Mitsuo Umezu
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Regulatory Scheme ◽  
Early Access ◽  
Dimensional Group ◽  
Device Component ◽  
Intended Use ◽  
Component Function

Abstract Objective The developer and sponsor of new combination products in US needs to forecast which classification and designation to the regulatory scheme of drug, biological product, or device would be required for the new products by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To improve the predictability and acceptability of the designation of new combination products for innovators, developers, and sponsors, and to encourage the development and early access of new combination products, we proposed new visualization models of the designation pathway and group categorization. Method We searched the website of the FDA on 15 November, 2020 to identify the regulatory scheme of the FDA’s 129 capsular decision cases of device–drug and device–biologics combination products and other publicly available cases the FDA designated to the drug/biologic or device regulatory scheme. Results By introducing a new definition for primary intended use (PIU) by developers and sponsors extracted from the classification factors of primary mode of action (PMOA), we developed new visualization models of the designation pathway and two-dimensional group categorization. And applying these models to the cases the FDA designated, we proposed a new group categorization of combination products while focusing on the device component function. Conclusions The new visualization models with PIU and PMOA and the new group categorization focusing on the device component function proposed in this study may increase predictability and acceptability of the classification of newly developed combination products into the regulatory scheme of drug, biological product, and device, for innovators, developers, and sponsors.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Activity of New Brassinosteroid Analogs of Type 24-Nor-5β-Cholane and 23-Benzoate Function in the Side Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4808
Author(s):  
Nitza Soto ◽  
Karoll Ferrer ◽  
Katy Díaz ◽  
César González ◽  
Lautaro Taborga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Good Alternative ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
High Reaction ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Synthetic Procedure ◽  
Hyodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
External Stresses

Brassinosteroids are polyhydroxysteroids that are involved in different plants’ biological functions, such as growth, development and resistance to biotic and external stresses. Because of its low abundance in plants, much effort has been dedicated to the synthesis and characterization of brassinosteroids analogs. Herein, we report the synthesis of brassinosteroid 24-nor-5β-cholane type analogs with 23-benzoate function and 22,23-benzoate groups. The synthesis was accomplished with high reaction yields in a four-step synthesis route and using hyodeoxycholic acid as starting material. All synthesized analogs were tested using the rice lamina inclination test to assess their growth-promoting activity and compare it with those obtained for brassinolide, which was used as a positive control. The results indicate that the diasteroisomeric mixture of monobenzoylated derivatives exhibit the highest activity at the lowest tested concentrations (1 × 10−8 and 1 × 10−7 M), being even more active than brassinolide. Therefore, a simple synthetic procedure with high reaction yields that use a very accessible starting material provides brassinosteroid synthetic analogs with promising effects on plant growth. This exploratory study suggests that brassinosteroid analogs with similar chemical structures could be a good alternative to natural brassinosteroids.

scholarly journals Keto-Enol Tautomerism in Passerini and Ugi Adducts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Pablo Pertejo ◽  
Andrea Sancho-Medina ◽  
Tomás Hermosilla ◽  
Beatriz González-Saiz ◽  
Javier Gómez-Ayuso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starting Material ◽  
Passerini Reaction ◽  
The Way

The use of arylglyoxal as starting material in Passerini and Ugi reactions affords β-ketoamides. This has allowed to study keto-enol tautomerism in these systems and assess the way in which the presence of acyloxy or aminoacyl groups bound to the C2 position affects such tautomerism, and to investigate the reactivity of both the enol and carbonyl forms. In this work we also prove the versatility of the Passerini reaction, since depending on the conditions to which the corresponding adducts are subjected different products of synthetic interest can be obtained.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Natural Product-Like Tricyclic Higher-Carbon Sugar Nucleosides

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. e18-e22
Author(s):  
Xiao-Han Yuan ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Xiao-Ning Wang ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Hong-Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Target Compound

Because of the structural novelty and interesting biological profiles, the synthesis of higher-carbon sugars has been highly pursued. In this work, we first synthesized a series of structurally novel bis-uracil containing tricyclic higher-carbon sugar nucleosides (4a–e) using D-xylose as the starting material and the classical Vorbruggen glycosylation as the key synthetic step. The yields of the target compound were good. Unfortunately, despite the presence of pharmaceutically relevant uracil fragment, compounds 4a–e were inactive against the proliferation of several cancer cell lines (EC109, EC9706, PC-3, and MGC-803). Whether and how 4a–e functioned as anticancer agents would be further studied in our laboratory.

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