Valence-band x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of different forms of sodium phosphate

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1126-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Asunskis ◽  
Karen J. Gaskell ◽  
Daniel J. Asunskis ◽  
Peter M. A. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Valence Band ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
X Ray

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon Fiber Surfaces. Part XVI: Core-Level and Valence-Band Studies of Pitch-Based Fibers Electrochemically Treated in Ammonium Carbonate Solution

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoming Xie ◽  
Tiejun Wang ◽  
Oliver Franklin ◽  
Peter M. A. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Valence Band ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Core Level ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Band Spectra

DuPont E-120 high-modulus pitch-based carbon fibers were treated electrochemically in 0.5 M (NH4)2CO3 solution under both potentiostatic and galvanostatic modes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to monitor the chemical changes on the carbon fiber surfaces. Both core-level and valence-band spectra showed that the treatment introduced both oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups onto the fiber surfaces, and the mainly oxygen-containing functional groups produced were carbonyl (C=O) type functional groups after longer treatment time. For short treatment time, hydroxide (C-OH) type groups were the dominant functionality, and ether (C-O-C) or epoxide type groups were also formed. The O 2 s peaks from oxygen atoms in the hydroxide functionality and the ether or epoxide groups are well separated in the valence-band spectra; the corresponding O 1 s peaks, however, are not separated in the O 1 s core-region spectra.

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