The Band Structure of Graphite Studied by Secondary Electron Emission

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Willis ◽  
B. Fitton
Keyword(s):  
Band Structure ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission

Effect of TiO2 Addition on the Secondary Electron Emission and Discharge Properties of MgO Protective Layer

2000 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghyun Kim ◽  
Rakhwan Kim ◽  
Hee Jae Kim ◽  
Hyeongtag Jeon ◽  
Jong-Wan Park
Keyword(s):  
Band Structure ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
Plasma Display Panel ◽  
Plasma Display ◽  
Deposited Films

ABSTRACTSecondary electron emission from a cathode material in AC PDP (Plasma Display Panel) is dominated by potential emission mechanism, which is sensitive to band structure of a protective layer. Therefore, the secondary electron emission property can be modified by a change in the energy band structure of the protective layer. Mg2-2xTixO2 films were prepared by e-beam evaporation method to be used as possible substitutes for the conventional MgO protective layer. The oxygen content in the films and in turn, the ratio of metal to oxygen gradually increased with the increasing TiO2 content in the starting materials. The pure MgO films exhibited the crystallinity with strong (111) orientation. The Mg2-2xTixO2 films, however, had the crystallinity with (311) preferred orientation. The stress relaxation, when the [TiO2/(MgO+TiO2)] ratio in the evaporation starting materials was 0.15, seems to be related to inhomogeneous film surface due to an excessive addition of TiO2 to MgO. When the [TiO2/(MgO+TiO2)] ratios of 0.1 and 0.15 were used, the deposited films exhibited the secondary electron emission yields improved by 50% compared to that of the conventional MgO protective layer, which resulted in reduction in discharge voltage by 12%.

Historical Introduction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
R. D. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mutual Agreement

This program has been organized by the EMSA to commensurate the 50th anniversary of the experimental verification of the wave nature of the electron. Davisson and Germer in the U.S. and Thomson and Reid in Britian accomplished this at about the same time. Their findings were published in Nature in 1927 by mutual agreement since their independent efforts had led to the same conclusion at about the same time. In 1937 Davisson and Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in physics for demonstrating the wave nature of the electron deduced in 1924 by Louis de Broglie.The Davisson experiments (1921-1927) were concerned with the angular distribution of secondary electron emission from nickel surfaces produced by 150 volt primary electrons. The motivation was the effect of secondary emission on the characteristics of vacuum tubes but significant deviations from the results expected for a corpuscular electron led to a diffraction interpretation suggested by Elasser in 1925.

SEM and Auger microanalysis studies of Cu-Be dynode surfaces at each activation condition

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 524-525
Author(s):  
T. Koshikawa ◽  
Y. Fujii ◽  
E. Sugata ◽  
F. Kanematsu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Electron Multiplier ◽  
Activation Condition ◽  
Activation Conditions

The Cu-Be alloys are widely used as the electron multiplier dynodes after the adequate activation process. But the structures and compositions of the elements on the activated surfaces were not studied clearly. The Cu-Be alloys are heated in the oxygen atmosphere in the usual activation techniques. The activation conditions, e.g. temperature and O2 pressure, affect strongly the secondary electron yield and life time of dynodes.In the present paper, the activated Cu-Be dynode surfaces at each condition are investigated with Scanning Auger Microanalyzer (SAM) (primary beam diameter: 3μmϕ) and SEM. The commercial Cu-Be(2%) alloys were polished with Cr2O3 powder, rinsed in the distilled water and set in the vacuum furnance.Two typical activation condition, i.e. activation temperature 730°C and 810°C in 5x10-3 Torr O2 pressure were chosen since the formation mechanism of the BeO film on the Cu-Be alloys was guessed to be very different at each temperature from the results of the secondary electron emission measurements.

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