scholarly journals The Dairy Farm Model With Low Cost Alternative Energy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kaewprathum ◽  
K. Taweeyanyongkul ◽  
S. Pangchuntherk ◽  
S. Choengthong ◽  
K. Boonyanuwat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Farm Model

scholarly journals Ranking Dairy Sires by a Linear Programming Dairy Farm Model

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3015-3024 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivarajasingam ◽  
E.B. Burnside ◽  
J.W. Wilton ◽  
W.C. Pfeiffer ◽  
D.G. Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Farm Model

scholarly journals Development of a design and implementation process for the integration of hydrokinetic devices into existing infrastructure in South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Niebuhr ◽  
M Van Dijk ◽  
JN Bhagwan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Water Infrastructure ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Modular Units

In South Africa there is currently no notable use of modern small-scale hydrokinetic (HK) energy systems, mainly due to formerly low-cost coal-powered electricity. This renewable energy option makes use of the kinetic energy from flowing water, rather than potential energy, which is more often used in conventional hydropower. Updated refined versions of this technology are now being investigated and manufactured due to the global drive towards reducing carbon emissions and increasing energy efficiency. These modular units allow for installation of HK turbines into existing water infrastructure with very little civil works. The study’s objective was to develop a simplified design and implementation process for HK devices within the South African legislative and regulatory environment. Approximately 66% of South Africa’s water supply is used by the agricultural sector with more than 6 500 km of canal systems running through many areas which could benefit from alternative energy sources. The recent electricity crisis in the country allowed for problem resolution through funding opportunities and thereby an introduction of an innovative and sustainable technology to provide renewable electricity where otherwise not feasible. A pilot HK project was implemented in an applicable section on the Boegoeberg irrigation canal in the Northern Cape Province and tested for optimum functionality and correct application. This process allowed evolution of a development process for the implementation of HK devices in existing water infrastructure.

Designing and Fabricating of Low Cost Thermoelectric Power Generators

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 4101-4105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tosawat Seetawan
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Thermoelectric Coolers ◽  
P Type

Fossil fuel is the main energy resources of the world. About 80-90% of its primary energy need to supply by oil, coal, natural gas, and oil shale [1]. These energy resources will also be of importance in the future but non-renewable and cause problems to the environment as a result of their relatively high amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and other environmentally harmful emissions. We are investigating to look for alternative energy resources which are clean, safe, and long-term reliable. Thermoelectricity is one of the renewable energy resources that has been widely investigated and is expected to be feasible in the near future. Moreover, it is a clean energy generation, since it can directly convert heat to electrical energy by using non-polluting thermoelectric devices. These are reasons for the growing interest in further research and development of the thermoelectric technology. The search for new thermoelectric materials is important that the transition metal oxides were interested such as p-type Ca3Co4O9 [2-7] and n-type CaMnO3 [8-12]. There have been synthesized using different techniques in the form of powder and bulk. However, the doped metals have been expected to be one of the candidates for good thermoelectric materials, including thermoelectric module consists of two or more materials of p-type and n-type [13-15]. Recently, the thermoelectric module is also being used as the thermoelectric generators, thermoelectric coolers, etc. [16-17].

Adapting to socioeconomic, operational and environmental challenges of dairy farm effluent purification in Uruguay through the use of surface flow constructed wetlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Avellán ◽  
D. P. L. Rousseau ◽  
P. N. L. Lens
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Effluent Purification ◽  
Small Catchment

The 3600 dairy farms in south-western Uruguay, with about 750,000 cows in 2008, play an important economic role. Only about 200 of the farms have a sewage treatment system, since no legal regulations for the disposal of effluents exist, the cost of construction is high and neither direct benefits nor incentives are given. The current systems are mainly lagoons that often lack maintenance, resulting in the eutrophication of rivers. One of our goals was to implement a low cost, robust surface flow constructed wetland using native plants, in order to test the acceptance and willingness to pay of the farmers and to see if the effluent water quality met the national standards even if operating under the lack of maintenance. Within a small catchment, 6 farmers attended a seminar series on water(shed) quality, importance of wetlands and sewage treatment options, explaining the functioning of constructed wetlands and the costs of construction. One of the farmers decided to construct a double lagoon system followed by a surface flow CW using Scirpus americanus. However, construction of the ponds occurred by the farmer himself resulting in inadequate dimensioning. The exceptionally dry summer 2008/2009 also delayed planting but by now plants have established themselves and other emergent macrophytes have followed. So far visual water quality as well as biodiversity has improved. Furthermore, farmers and technicians have become interested in the use of CW and other implementations are envisioned. Also, the legislation on dairy farm effluent is about to change which will boost the necessity for all kinds of sewage systems.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies On Reduction of Nox Emission of Biodiesel Fuelled Engine Using A Novel Natural Additive

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapilan Natesan ◽  
Rana Pratap Reddy ◽  
Abu Saleh Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Natural Additive

Abstract The world’s energy demand increases because of increase in human population. The conventional fossil energy resources will be depleted and burning of these conventional fuels increases greenhouse gases and causes global warming. These problems can be overcome using renewable alternative energy resources such as biofuels. In recent years biodiesel is considered as a renewable alternative to the fossil diesel. The utilisation of biodiesel as a fuel in compression ignition engine results in lower CO, HC and Smoke emissions as the biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel. The major problem with the biodiesel is its higher NOx emission and different techniques were used to minimise NOx emission. The use of synthetic and nano-metal additives to the biodiesel may affect the environment and hence it is necessary to identify non-toxic, low cost, biodegradable, and sustainable additives to reduce the NOx emission. Hence an attempt was made to use clove oil as a natural additive for the honge oil biodiesel as it has better antioxidant property. The engine tests were conducted with various dosages of clove oil such as 1000 and 2000 ppm and the engine load were increased with an increment of 25% up to full load. The addition of clove oil to the honge oil biodiesel significantly affects the engine NOx and clove oil can be substituted as an additive to reduce the NOx emission of the biodiesel fuelled CI engine and without altering the engine hardware. The clove oil enhances the oxidation stability of the honge oil biodiesel.

Pivotal Role of Chirality in Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) Water Splitting

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Wenyan Zhang ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Yingfei Hu ◽  
Weimin Yang ◽  
Hangmin Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Enthalpy Of Combustion ◽  
High Enthalpy ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Pec Water Splitting

For decades, the over-exploitation of fossil fuel has made it urgent to develop alternative energy. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach to generate hydrogen, which is referred to as the fuel of the future due to its high enthalpy of combustion and zero pollution. Though impressive progress has been made over the years, PEC water splitting efficiency is still far from volume production of hydrogen, and more efforts are required to reduce the overpotential, inhibit the yield of hydrogen peroxide by-product, improve the PEC current density, improve light-harvesting capability, and develop low-cost earth-abundant catalysts. Recently, chirality has shown to play a pivotal role in addressing the issues of PEC water splitting via the effect of chiralinduced spin controlling and chiral-enhanced light harvesting. It is high time to pay attention to the art of chirality in promoting water splitting efficiency. Herein, recent progress in this field is reviewed, the approaches to introducing chirality into photo/electronic catalysts for PEC water splitting are summarized, characterization techniques applied in this research field are summed up, the challenges of chirality-enhanced PEC water splitting are discussed, and based on the present achievements, its bright future is anticipated.

scholarly journals Summer pasture yield variation in a central Waikato location from 1979 to 2010: implications for pasture persistence.

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
C.B. Glassey
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Pasture Yield

Three datasets spanning 31 years (1979-2010) of net herbage accumulation (HA) for Waikato dairy pastures were studied to determine between-year variability in summer HA. In addition, a dairy farm at the same location was modelled with the DairyNZ Whole Farm Model, using climate data for 15 years to predict HA, and milksolids production. Measured extremes for HA over 5 months (1st December to 30th April inclusive) were from 4.7 to 9.1 t DM/ha, with a mean of 7.0 t DM/ ha ±1.2 t DM/ha SD. Rainfall during these months had a positive impact on HA, with an extra 849 kg DM/ ha (r2=0.43, p

scholarly journals Multi-Fuel Power Plant as A Element of Back-Up Energy Supply of Farming Facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Korotkov ◽  
Andrey Palichyn ◽  
Petr Savinykh ◽  
Wacław Romaniuk ◽  
Kinga Borek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Electrical Energy Generation

AbstractPaper presents research concerned utilization of natural gas in a liquid state as a new source of electrical energy generation in country side areas of Russia to use it in a small family farms and bigger agriculture enterprises. The experiment shows that alcohol and gasoline are more expensive products to be a source for electricity generation as a reserve energy supply in agriculture production areas of the country. Introduction of natural gas generator as an alternative fuel makes possible to produce low cost of electrical energy in any part of the country, what gives great potential to alternative energy supply, but especially for agriculture production on small households and also bigger enterprises

scholarly journals Integrated Assessment of the EU’s Greening Reform and Feed Self-Sufficiency Scenarios on Dairy Farms in Piemonte, Italy

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Gaudino ◽  
Pytrik Reidsma ◽  
Argyris Kanellopoulos ◽  
Dario Sacco ◽  
Martin van Ittersum
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
Ecological Focus Areas

Specialised dairy farms are challenged to be competitive and yet respect environmental constrains. A tighter integration of cropping and livestock systems, both in terms of feed and manure flows, can be beneficial for the farm economy and the environment. The greening of the direct payments, which was introduced in the European Union’s greening reform in 2013, is assumed to stimulate the transition towards more sustainable systems. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the impacts of greening policies on important economic and environmental indicators of sustainability, and explore potential further improvements in policies. The Farm System SIMulator (FSSIM) bioeconomic farm model was used to simulate the consequences of scenarios of policy change on three representative dairy farms in Piedmont, Italy, i.e., an ‘intensive’, an ‘extensive’, and an ‘organic’ dairy farm. Results showed that in general, there is a large potential to increase the current economic performance of all of the farms. The most profitable activity is milk production, resulting in the allocation of all of the available farm land to feed production. Imposing feed self-sufficiency targets results in a larger adaptation of current managerial practice than the adaptations that are required due to the greening policy scenario. It was shown that the cropping system is not always able to sustain the actual herd composition when 90% feed self-sufficiency is imposed. Regarding the greening policies, it is shown that extensive and organic farms already largely comply with the greening constrains, and the extra subsidy is therefore a bonus, while the intensive farm is likely to sacrifice the subsidy, as adapting the farm plan will substantially reduce profit. The introduction of nitrogen (N)-fixing crops in ecological focus areas was the easiest greening strategy to adopt, and led to an increase in the protein feed self-sufficiency. In conclusion, it is important to note that the greening policy in its current form does not lead to reduced environmental impacts. This implies that in order to improve environmental performance, regulations are needed rather than voluntary economic incentives.

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