Peacock mites on cocoa in Peru (Acari: Tuckerellidae: Tuckerella): their economic importance and a key to species

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-528
Author(s):  
Hector Alonso Escobar-Garcia ◽  
Daniel Junior de Andrade ◽  
Jennifer J. Beard ◽  
Ronald Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
First Time ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Cocoa Tree

Seeds from the cocoa tree, Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae), make up the raw materials for cocoa which is used to produce chocolate. In Peru, cocoa is produced mainly by smallholder farmers under a small-scale agriculture model. During March and September 2020, surveys of organic smallholding farms were conducted in four Districts of the Department of Piura in northwestern Peru. Three species of the family Tuckerellidae (peacock mites) were collected and identified from this region in Peru: namely Tuckerella ornata (Tucker), Tu. pavoniformis (Ewing), and Tu. knorri Baker & Tuttle. In this article, we report the presence of peacock mites affecting cocoa crops in Peru for the first time. The populations of peacock mites found in the cocoa trees were considerable and causing significant fruit damage. A key to the species of Tuckerella found in cocoa is presented.

First record of Athyreacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from Asia with description of two new species of Athyreacarus from India and Sri Lanka

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4779 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-272
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER A. KHAUSTOV ◽  
ANDREY V. FROLOV
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
First Record ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

Mites of the family Athyreacaridae are recorded from Asia for the first time. Two new species of Athyreacarus are described, A. indicus sp. nov., collected on the beetles Bolbohamatum laevicolle and B. marginale in India, and A. brevisetosus sp. nov., collected on a beetle Bolboceras sp. in Sri Lanka. An updated key to species of the genus Athyreacarus is provided. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and Severity of Ratoon Stunt in Commercial Brazilian Sugarcane Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Urashima ◽  
M. F. Silva ◽  
J. J. Correa ◽  
M. C. Moraes ◽  
A. V. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
First Time ◽  
Open Access Article

Brazil has 9 million ha of sugarcane, 85% of which are located in the Center-South area of the country. Field trials and surveys around the globe have shown that ratoon stunt disease (RSD), caused by Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, can severely reduce tonnage yield. Previous small-scale studies in Brazil have demonstrated RSD infection in all varieties, with values varying from 25 to 68%. Nevertheless, the prevalence and severity of RSD in commercial fields had not previously been assessed. To address this issue, we surveyed 13,173 ha in 1,154 fields of the eight main sugarcane varieties of the Center-South area, taking 92,114 samples from 50 mills in five different states. Our data showed that 10% of fields were infected, and that 58% of mills had at least one RSD-infected field. The variety RB92579 had the highest proportion of infected fields (17%) and, on average, the prevalence and severity in these fields was high compared with other varieties. RB867515, the most cultivated in Brazil, showed infection in 6.2% of sampled fields (5.5% of sampled area) causing an estimated annual economic loss of over US$1 million. This was the first time the economic importance of RSD on Brazilian commercial sugarcane production was estimated. The Cerrado region had the highest prevalence of RSD: 16% of fields, 17% of the cultivated area, and 82% of mills. The use of diseased planting material was identified in 9% of plant cane fields, representing 10% of the cultivated area. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

A revision of the family Archinotodelphyidae Lang, 1949 (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Oithonida), with the recognition of 15 new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4801 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-56
Author(s):  
IL-HOI KIM ◽  
GEOFF A. BOXSHALL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Type Host ◽  
The Family ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Subjective Synonym ◽  
Copepoda Cyclopoida

The family Archinotodelphyidae Lang, 1949 is reviewed. Only the type genus, Archinotodelphys Lang, 1949, is accepted as valid and the genus Pararchinotodelphys Lang, 1949 is recognized as its junior subjective synonym. The two species formerly placed in the latter genus are transferred to the type genus as Archinotodelphys gurneyi (Illg, 1955) comb. nov. and A. phallusiae (Hansen, 1923) comb. nov. The species A. polynesiensis Monniot, 1986 was regarded as highly variable by Monniot (1986) but here we separate out his material from the host Herdmania momus (Savigny, 1816) which we recognise as a distinct species, A. momus sp. nov. Another 14 new species are described for the first time, from material collected at numerous localities across the global ocean. The new species are: A. curtus sp. nov. from Styela sp., A. illgi sp. nov. from an unknown host, A. hexasetosus sp. nov. from Molgula platybranchia Monniot C., 1970, A. cinctus sp. nov. from Bathystyeloides enderbyanus (Michaelsen, 1904), A. antarcticus sp. nov. from Molgula pedunculata (Herdman, 1881), A. monnioti sp. nov. from Pareugyrioides galatheae Millar, 1959 (type host) and P. digitus Monniot C., 1997, A. bimerus sp. nov. from an unidentified species of the family Molgulidae, A. longiseta sp. nov. from Styela sigma Hartmeyer, 1912, A. reductus sp. nov. from Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816), A. elegans sp. nov. from Polycarpa argentata (Sluiter, 1898), A. rostralis sp. nov. from Polycarpa nigricans Heller, 1878, A. longicaudatus sp. nov. from Microcosmus longicloa Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1991, A. nudus sp. nov. from a Polycarpa sp., and A. unisetosus sp. nov. from an unidentified phlebobranch ascidian host. A key to species is provided. 

Revision of the Oriental and Australasian species of Chrysops (Diptera : Tabanidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Burger ◽  
John E. Chainey
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Alphabetical List ◽  
First Time

The genus Chrysops from the Australasian and Oriental regions is revised. Two new species are described: Chrysops fuscomarginalis, sp. nov. and C. srilankensis, sp. nov. The status of two species is revised: C. terminalis, stat. rev. is resurrected from questionable synonymy with C. dispar, and C. cinctus, stat rev. is resurrected from synonymy with C. signifer. Fifteen Chrysops names are placed in synonymy for the first time or placed as synonyms of species with which they were not previously associated: C. atrinus syn. of C. silvifacies, syn. nov.; C. australis papuensis syn. of C. australis, syn. nov.; C. flavocallus syn. of C. flavescens, syn. nov.; C. impar syn. of C. translucens, syn. nov.; C. indianus thailandensis syn. of C. indianus, syn. nov.; C. intercalatus syn. of C. pettigrewi, syn. nov.; C. paradesignatus syn. of C. designatus, syn. nov.; C. philipi syn. of C. alter, syn. nov.; C. semicirculus syn. of C. terminalis, syn. nov.; C. silvifacies yunnanensis syn. of C. silvifacies, syn. nov.; C. stekhoveni syn. of C. fixissimus, syn. nov.; C. subchusanensis syn. of C. chusanensis, syn. nov.; C. unizona syn. of C. fixissimus, syn. nov.; C. vietnamensis syn. of C. flaviscutellus, syn. nov.; and C. zhamensis syn. of C. pettigrewi, syn. nov. An alphabetical list of Chrysops names for the Oriental and Australasian regions is given, as is a key to species and descriptions and notes for all valid taxa. A brief discussion of the biology and economic importance is provided as well as a discussion of the distribution patterns of Oriental and Australasian Tabanidae and the northern and western limits of the Oriental region, based on distribution of Tabanidae.

scholarly journals First record of the bee genus Bathanthidium (Bathanthidium s. str.) Mavromoustakis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) from Vietnam: Description of a new species and a key to species

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Thi Ngat Tran ◽  
Lam Xuan Truong ◽  
Toshko Ljubomirov ◽  
Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wooden House ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Hoa Binh

The little-known bee genus Bathanthidium Mavromoustakis, 1953 of the family Megachilidae is reported for the first time from Vietnam. A new species, Bathanthidium (Bathanthidium s. str.) paco Tran & Nguyen, sp. nov. from Hoa Binh province is described and illustrated. A nest of the new species is reported from a wooden house. An updated identification key to all known species of the subgenus Bathanthidium s. str. is also provided.

Raw materials, technology, and innovation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Gebhard
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Main Metal ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
High Temperature Processes ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
First Time

The ascendancy of iron as the main metal in Iron Age Europe was accompanied by important innovations in the working and manufacture of many other raw materials, both inorganic and organic, from salt to stone. In many areas, traditional small-scale processing for domestic use gave way to mass production for a wider market. This was made possible by the mastery of high-temperature processes and the introduction of new techniques, among them the fast potter’s wheel, double-chambered kilns for pottery firing, and soldering. Cooperation between craftworkers specializing in different trades was often the basis for new products and developments. At the same time, intensification of contacts and trade with the Mediterranean world introduced not only new materials, such as glass and enamel, but also standardized size and weight systems, and coinage. Many new types of artefact are found for the first time, including tools, and musical and medical instruments.

A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 441 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAXIM S. NURALIEV ◽  
SOPHIA V. YUDINA ◽  
BA VUONG TRUONG ◽  
THI XUYEN DO ◽  
HONG TRUONG LUU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New Records ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
First Time

We present the first taxonomic account of the family Thismiaceae in the countries of Eastern Indochina. A single genus of Thismiaceae, Thismia, with eight species is known to inhabit this region. Six species, including four national endemics, are found in Vietnam, whereas Cambodia and Laos each has a single and endemic species of Thismia. We report new records of a number of species, which allowed us to establish for the first time their distribution areas. We show geographical distribution of all species of Thismia in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam on a map. We recognise Hon Ba Nature Reserve and Chu Yang Sin National Park as hotspots of known Thismia diversity in Eastern Indochina. We confirm the presence of T. javanica in Vietnam, earlier known as a doubtful report, by specimen investigation. We significantly amend morphological descriptions of several Vietnamese species. We highlight a number of characters with remarkable intraspecific variation, along with the most important structural differences between morphologically similar species. We discuss remaining taxonomic problems of Indochinese Thismia, and present an identification key to species of Thismiaceae in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.

Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Transitions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
Business And Management

Since the 1990s, creativity and innovation have become more prominent within the fields of business and management, since it is increasingly the case that new markets, or even market growth, may best be attained via creative and innovative solutions. Studies of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship and growth have catalysed identification and promotion of innovative knowledge industries, rendering their economic importance increasingly significant. For the first time in history, more than half of the world’s businesses are now small-scale, creative and innovative, reflecting recent economic transitions around the world. Thus, to appreciate the role of creativity and innovation, it is necessary to understand the nature of entrepreneurship and, specifically, the creativity required to identify and exploit opportunities.

scholarly journals Food sensory evaluation throughout the time

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 408-419
Author(s):  
Alice Vilela
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Long Time ◽  
First Time

ResumoHá milhares de anos que os humanos usam os sentidos para avaliar os alimentos. Dado que muitas fitotoxinas e metabólitos bacterianos têm gosto amargo ou ácido, a humanidade provavelmente usou a avaliação sensorial desde antes que o Homo sapiens fosse considerado “humano”. À medida que a civilização se desenvolveu e o comércio e a venda de mercadorias se tornaram comuns, começou a surgir a necessidade da realização da avaliação sensorial dos alimentos.Os métodos de degustação, foram aplicados pela primeira vez na Europa, com o objetivo de controlar a qualidade de cervejarias e destilarias. Nos USA, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, surgiu a necessidade de produzir alimentos de qualidade que não fossem rejeitados pelos soldados do exército. A partir dessa necessidade surgiu a análise sensorial como base científica. Tradicionalmente, a indústria alimentar via a avaliação sensorial no contexto da empresa como sendo realizada pelo “expert” (N = 1) que através de anos de experiência era capaz de descrever os produtos e estabelecer padrões de qualidade desde a matéria-prima até ao produto final. Exemplos de tais “especialistas” incluem o mestre-cervejeiro, o enólogo, os provadores de café (baristas) e chás. Hoje em dia, os testes internos de consumidor, proporcionam à empresa uma alternativa barata para a obtenção de informações valiosas sobre as vantagens e falhas dos seus produtos. Portanto, a procura por possibilidades de fazer esse tipo de teste aumentouPalavras-chave: Cientista sensorial, consumidor, análise de dados sensoriais. Abstract Humans have used their senses to evaluate food for several thousands of years. Given that so many phytotoxins and bacterial metabolites are bitter and sour, humanity had probably used sensory evaluation since before Homo sapiens were human. As civilization developed and the trading and selling of goods became a commonplace, the first seeds of food sensory testing as we know it was planted. Tasting methods, as a form of sensory analysis of foods, were applied for the first time in Europe, a long time ago, to control the quality of breweries and distilleries. In the United States, during World War II, it arose from the need to produce quality foods that were not rejected by army soldiers. From this need the methods of application of the tasting appeared, establishing the sensorial analysis as a scientific basis The food industry traditionally viewed sensory evaluation in the context of the company “expert” (the N of 1) who through years of accumulated experience was able to describe company products and set standards of quality by which raw materials would be purchased and each product manufactured and marketed. Examples of such “experts” include the perfumer, flavourist, brew-master, winemaker, and coffee and tea tasters. Nowadays, small scale internal consumer tests provide a company with a cheap way to get valuable information regarding the advantages and flaws of their products. Therefore, the demand for possibilities to do this kind of test has increased. Keywords : Sensory scientist, consumer choices, sensory data analysis.

First record of Athyreacaridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from Africa with description of four new species of Athyreacarus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Khaustov ◽  
Andrey V. Frolov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
First Record ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
First Time

Mites of the family Athyreacaridae are recorded from Africa for the first time. Four new species of Athyreacarus are described, A. africanus sp. nov., collected on the beetle Mimobolbus congolensis in Republic of the Congo, A. longisetus sp. nov., collected on a beetle Minobolbus sp. in Zaire and Bolbocaffer caffrum in Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of the Congo, A. reductus sp. nov. on a beetle Bolbocaffer caffrum in Democratic Republic of the Congo, and A. pseudoindicus sp. nov. on a beetle Mimobolbus sp. in Kenya and Ethiopia. An updated key to species of the genus Athyreacarus is provided.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document