scholarly journals Resource relocations in relation to dispersal in Tetranychus ludeni Zacher

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhou ◽  
XiongZhao He ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Qiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dispersal Tendency ◽  
Tetranychus Ludeni ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Life history strategies of a species may affect its invasion success. Here, we used a haplodiploid pest, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae), which is native to Europe but now cosmopolitan, to investigate its life history strategies in relation to its dispersal tendency and distance. We tested whether and how dispersal influenced survival, lifetime fecundity, age-specific reproduction, and life table parameters of mated females. We show that mated females did not trade off their survival and lifetime reproductive output with dispersal but adjusted their resource allocations during different reproductive stages depending on whether and how far they dispersed. Long-distance dispersers invested more in dispersal in their early life while resident mites and short-distance dispersers invested more in reproduction during their early life. These resource allocation strategies may allow long-distance dispersers to explore the novel environment more effectively without compromising lifetime reproductive fitness, contributing to the invasion success of T. ludeni.

Intraspecific hybridization, life history strategies and potential invasion success in a parasitoid wasp

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Benvenuto ◽  
Sandrine Cheyppe-Buchmann ◽  
Gérald Bermond ◽  
Nicolas Ris ◽  
Xavier Fauvergue
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization

scholarly journals The movement ecology of seagrasses

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1795) ◽  
pp. 20140878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn McMahon ◽  
Kor-jent van Dijk ◽  
Leonardo Ruiz-Montoya ◽  
Gary A. Kendrick ◽  
Siegfried L. Krauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Time Movement

A movement ecology framework is applied to enhance our understanding of the causes, mechanisms and consequences of movement in seagrasses: marine, clonal, flowering plants. Four life-history stages of seagrasses can move: pollen, sexual propagules, vegetative fragments and the spread of individuals through clonal growth. Movement occurs on the water surface, in the water column, on or in the sediment, via animal vectors and through spreading clones. A capacity for long-distance dispersal and demographic connectivity over multiple timeframes is the novel feature of the movement ecology of seagrasses with significant evolutionary and ecological consequences. The space–time movement footprint of different life-history stages varies. For example, the distance moved by reproductive propagules and vegetative expansion via clonal growth is similar, but the timescales range exponentially, from hours to months or centuries to millennia, respectively. Consequently, environmental factors and key traits that interact to influence movement also operate on vastly different spatial and temporal scales. Six key future research areas have been identified.

Using nitrogen stable isotopes to detect long-distance movement in a threatened cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah)

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Sepulveda ◽  
Warren T. Colyer ◽  
Winsor H. Lowe ◽  
Mark R. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Life History ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotopes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Clarkii

Interior cutthroat trout occupy small fractions of their historic ranges and existing populations often are relegated to headwater habitats. Conservation requires balancing protection for isolated genetically pure populations with restoration of migratory life histories by reconnecting corridors between headwater and mainstem habitats. Identification of alternative life history strategies within a population is critical to these efforts. We tested the application of nitrogen stable isotopes to discern fluvial from resident Bonneville cutthroat trout (BCT; Oncorhynchus clarkii utah ) in a headwater stream. Fluvial BCT migrate from headwater streams with good water quality to mainstem habitats with impaired water quality. Resident BCT remain in headwater streams. We tested two predictions: (i) fluvial BCT have a higher δ15N than residents, and (ii) fluvial BCT δ15N reflects diet and δ15N enrichment characteristics of mainstem habitats. We found that fluvial δ15N was greater than resident δ15N and that δ15N was a better predictor of life history than fish size. Our data also showed that fluvial and resident BCT had high diet overlap in headwater sites and that δ15N of lower trophic levels was greater in mainstem sites than in headwater sites. We conclude that the high δ15N values of fluvial BCT were acquired in mainstem sites.

Maternal contribution to spawning and early life-history strategies of the genus Lepidonotothen (Nototheniidae, Perciformes) along the southern Scotia Arc

Polar Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario La Mesa ◽  
Emilio Riginella ◽  
Barbara Catalano ◽  
Christopher D. Jones ◽  
Carlotta Mazzoldi
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Maternal Contribution ◽  
Scotia Arc

Comparing Early Life History Strategies of Pomatomus saltatrix: a Global Approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Juanes ◽  
JA Hare ◽  
AG Miskiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Pomatomus Saltatrix ◽  
South Eastern

Pomatomus saltatrix (Pisces:Pomatomidae) is a highly migratory, continental-shelf species with a worldwide subtropical distribution including the eastern coast of North America, the Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, north-western Africa, the eastern coast of South America, the south-eastern coast of South Africa, and the south-eastern and south-westem coasts of Australia. This paper summarizes available life history information from the different regions where P. saltatrix occurs, with a focus on the early life history. The basic physical oceanography of these regions is also reviewed to elucidate patterns in larval transport. Comparison of these populations suggests that there are commonalties: adults migrate to spawning grounds; eggs and larvae are typically advected along-shore to juvenile nursery habitats; juveniles recruit to inshore habitats at a similar size, and there they grow rapidly and are mainly piscivorous, feeding primarily on atherinids and engraulids. There are also a number of life history traits that are quite variable among populations: the number of annual reproductive peaks, the number of juvenile cohorts, adult growth patterns and reproductive parameters. Comparison of these life history patterns leads to several non-exclusive hypotheses as to the adaptive significance of variations in life history traits. The goal is to identify areas where more research is needed to assess the degree to which populations of a global species are adapted to their local environment.

scholarly journals Human pressures filter out the less resilient demographic strategies in natural populations of plants and animals worldwide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Merrien ◽  
Katrina Joan Davis ◽  
Pol Capdevila ◽  
Moreno Di Marco ◽  
Roberto Salguero-Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Animal Populations

The exponential growth that has characterised human societies since the industrial revolution has fundamentally modified our surroundings. Examples include rapid increases in agricultural fields, now accounting for 37% of the land surface, as well as increases in urban areas, projected to triple worldwide by 2030. As such, understanding how species have adapted to and will respond to increasing human pressures is of key importance. Resilience, the ability of an ecological system to resist, recover, and even benefit from disturbances, is a key concept in this regard. Here, using a recently develop comparative demographic framework, we examine how the inherent ability of 921 natural populations of 279 plants and 45 animal species worldwide to respond to disturbances correlates with human settlement size and human activities. We develop a spatially and phylogenetically explicit model parameterised with life history traits and metrics of demographic resilience using the open-access COMPADRE and COMADRE databases, coupled with high-resolution human impact information via the Human Footprint database. We expected: (H1) populations located nearer urban areas to have a greater ability to resist, recover, or benefit from human-related disturbances compared to pristine habitats; (H2) human effects on the responses of animal populations to disturbances to depend on the ability for long-distance mobility; and (H3): human pressures to constrain the repertoire of life history strategies of animal and plant species via their effects on underlying vital rates and life history traits. We find that: (1) urban areas host a limited diversity of strategies that achieve demographic resilience with, on average, more resistant and faster-recovery populations located near human activities than in pristine habitats; (2) species with limited mobility tend to be more strongly affected by human activities than those with long-distance mobility; and (3) human pressures correlate with a limited set of vital rates and life history traits, including the ability to shrink, and reproduce earlier. Our results provide a tangible picture of how, having drastically transformed terrestrial landscapes, humans have shaped the ways animals and plants respond to disturbances.

scholarly journals Facultative sex and reproductive strategies in response to male availability in the spiny stick insect, Extatosoma tiaratum

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Schneider ◽  
Mark A. Elgar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Stick Insect ◽  
Model System ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Reproductive State

Facultative thelytoky, in which females can reproduce both sexually and asexually, offers a promising model system to understand the evolutionary significance of sex, by providing insights into whether the different reproductive modes reflect an adaptive life-history response to varying environmental conditions. Females of the spiny stick insect, Extatosoma tiaratum, can reproduce both sexually or asexually. We show that virgin females signal their reproductive state: males respond to signals produced by virgin females that have not commenced ovipositing, but fail to respond to ovipositing virgin females. Virgin females reared under different social environments varied their reproductive output: virgin females reared in the absence of males laid more eggs over a seven-day period than virgin females reared in the presence of males. The reproductive output of mated females over a seven-day period was higher than that of virgin females. These data suggest that female E. tiaratum adjust several life-history strategies in conjunction with facultative thelytoky.

scholarly journals Burbot Early Life History Strategies in the Great Lakes

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Jude ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Stephen R. Hensler ◽  
John Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Life History Strategies

scholarly journals Cross-cultural evidence does not support universal acceleration of puberty in father-absent households

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Sear ◽  
Paula Sheppard ◽  
David Coall
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Father Absence ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Adult Health

Father absence in early life is consistently shown to be associated with accelerated reproductive development in girls. Evolutionary social scientists have proposed several adaptive hypotheses for this finding. Though there is variation in the detail of these hypotheses, they all assume that family environment in early life influences the development of life history strategy, and, broadly, that early reproductive development is an adaptive response to father absence. Empirical evidence to support these hypotheses, however, is derived from WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich and Democratic) populations. Data from a much broader range of human societies is necessary in order to properly test adaptive hypotheses. Here we review the empirical literature on father absence and puberty in both sexes, focusing on recent studies which have tested this association beyond the WEIRD world. We find that relationships between father absence and age at puberty are more varied in contexts beyond WEIRD societies, and when relationships beyond the father-daughter dyad, are considered. This has implications for our understanding of how early life environment is linked to life history strategies, and for our understanding of pathways to adult health outcomes, given that early reproductive development may be linked to negative health outcomes in later life.

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