scholarly journals Comparison between cystourethrography and sonourethrography in preoperative diagnostic management of patients with anterior urethral strictures

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Jakub Krukowski ◽  
Adam Kałużny ◽  
Jakub Kłącz ◽  
Marcin Matuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Urethral Strictures ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Management ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To evaluate the urethral lesions and the degree of spongiofibrosis using cystourethrography (CUG) and sonourethrography (SUG) in order to propose the best imaging method for further surgical treatment.Material and methods: The study involved 66 patients with anterior urethral strictures with indication for urethroplasty. Results of CUG and SUG were compared with each other and data from surgical protocol.Results: Totally 72 strictures were detected; 47 in the bulbar part of urethra and 25 in the penile urethra. The mean length of the stenosis was 16.43 mm for CUG and 27.41 mm for SUG and 31.05 mm during surgery. The correlation levels between imaging techniques and intraoperative measurements were 0.55 (p<0.001) for CUG and 0.73 (p<0.001) for SUG. After dividing the strictures according to their location, better correlation for stenoses was obtained in penile urethra: 0.66 (p<0.001) for CUG and 0.86 (p<0.001) for SUG.Conclusions: SUG seems to be a simple and fast examination to evaluate urethral strictures. It is more accurate in comparison to CUG and gives a possibility to assess the spongiofibrosis. This information suggests that SUG can be a good complement to CUG in diagnosis of anterior urethtral strictures.

Cardiovascular Imaging for Guiding Interventional Therapy in Structural Heart Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Nora Rat ◽  
Iolanda Muntean ◽  
Diana Opincariu ◽  
Liliana Gozar ◽  
Rodica Togănel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Interventional Procedure ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Interventional Therapy ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Three Dimensional Echocardiography

Development of interventional methods has revolutionized the treatment of structural cardiac diseases. Given the complexity of structural interventions and the anatomical variability of various structural defects, novel imaging techniques have been implemented in the current clinical practice for guiding the interventional procedure and for selection of the device to be used. Three– dimensional echocardiography is the most used imaging method that has improved the threedimensional assessment of cardiac structures, and it has considerably reduced the cost of complications derived from malalignment of interventional devices. Assessment of cardiac structures with the use of angiography holds the advantage of providing images in real time, but it does not allow an anatomical description. Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) and intracardiac ultrasonography play major roles in guiding Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) or Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) closure and device follow-up, while TEE is the procedure of choice to assess the flow in the Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) and the embolic risk associated with a decreased flow. On the other hand, contrast CT and MRI have high specificity for providing a detailed description of structure, but cannot assess the flow through the shunt or the valvular mobility. This review aims to present the role of modern imaging techniques in pre-procedural assessment and intraprocedural guiding of structural percutaneous interventions performed to close an ASD, a PFO, an LAA or a patent ductus arteriosus.

Full-field X-ray diffraction microscopy using polymeric compound refractive lenses

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1882-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hilhorst ◽  
F. Marschall ◽  
T. N. Tran Thi ◽  
A. Last ◽  
T. U. Schülli
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Polymeric Compound ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Imaging

Diffraction imaging is the science of imaging samples under diffraction conditions. Diffraction imaging techniques are well established in visible light and electron microscopy, and have also been widely employed in X-ray science in the form of X-ray topography. Over the past two decades, interest in X-ray diffraction imaging has taken flight and resulted in a wide variety of methods. This article discusses a new full-field imaging method, which uses polymer compound refractive lenses as a microscope objective to capture a diffracted X-ray beam coming from a large illuminated area on a sample. This produces an image of the diffracting parts of the sample on a camera. It is shown that this technique has added value in the field, owing to its high imaging speed, while being competitive in resolution and level of detail of obtained information. Using a model sample, it is shown that lattice tilts and strain in single crystals can be resolved simultaneously down to 10−3° and Δa/a= 10−5, respectively, with submicrometre resolution over an area of 100 × 100 µm and a total image acquisition time of less than 60 s.

scholarly journals Tracking Transplanted Stem Cells Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Nanoparticle Labeling Method in Urology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Heon Kim ◽  
Hong J. Lee ◽  
Yun Seob Song
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Resonance Imaging

A reliablein vivoimaging method to localize transplanted cells and monitor their viability would enable a systematic investigation of cell therapy. Most stem cell transplantation studies have used immunohistological staining, which does not provide information about the migration of transplanted cellsin vivoin the same host. Molecular imaging visualizes targeted cells in a living host, which enables determining the biological processes occurring in transplanted stem cells. Molecular imaging with labeled nanoparticles provides the opportunity to monitor transplanted cells noninvasively without sacrifice and to repeatedly evaluate them. Among several molecular imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high resolution and sensitivity of transplanted cells. MRI is a powerful noninvasive imaging modality with excellent image resolution for studying cellular dynamics. Several types of nanoparticles including superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles have been used to magnetically label stem cells and monitor viability by MRI in the urologic field. This review focuses on the current role and limitations of MRI with labeled nanoparticles for tracking transplanted stem cells in urology.

scholarly journals Respiratory-gated KES imaging of a rat model of acute lung injury at the Canadian Light Source

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Deman ◽  
S. Tan ◽  
G. Belev ◽  
N. Samadi ◽  
M. Martinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Iodinated Contrast

In this study, contrast-enhanced X-ray tomographic imaging for monitoring and quantifying respiratory disease in preclinical rodent models is proposed. A K-edge imaging method has been developed at the Canadian Light Source to very accurately obtain measurements of the concentration of iodinated contrast agent in the pulmonary vasculature and inhaled xenon in the airspaces of rats. To compare the iodine and xenon concentration maps, a scout projection image was acquired to define the region of interest within the thorax for imaging and to ensure the same locations were imaged in each K-edge subtraction (KES) acquisition. A method for triggering image acquisition based on the real-time measurements of respiration was also developed to obtain images during end expiration when the lungs are stationary, in contrast to other previously published studies that alter the respiration to accommodate the image acquisition. In this study, images were obtained in mechanically ventilated animals using physiological parameters at the iodine K-edge in vivo and at the xenon K-edge post mortem (but still under mechanical ventilation). The imaging techniques were performed in healthy Brown Norway rats and in age-matched littermates that had an induced lung injury to demonstrate feasibility of the imaging procedures and the ability to correlate the lung injury and the quantitative measurements of contrast agent concentrations between the two KES images. The respiratory-gated KES imaging protocol can be easily adapted to image during any respiratory phase and is feasible for imaging disease models with compromised lung function.

scholarly journals Imaging techniques in the assessment of endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Spasic ◽  
Viktor Till ◽  
Marijana Basta-Nikolic ◽  
Djordje Milosevic ◽  
Darka Hadnadjev-Simonji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
First Year ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Aortic Repair ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Introduction. Imaging is essential in the assessment of endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair results. Complications include endoleaks, graft migration, kinking and infolding, stenosis, occlusion, and secondary ruptures. Examination Modalities. Contemporary imaging strategies are based on using noninvasive imaging modalities. After endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair, the standard evaluation modality is computed tomography angiography, whereas additional modalities include magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and radiography. However, although an invasive imaging method, digital subtraction angiography is still performed in some patients. Computed tomography angiography provides excellent contrast, spatial resolution, and exact measurements of structures of interest, which is essential in the follow-up. Follow-up Protocol. Currently recommended follow-up protocol in the first year is contrast- enhanced computed tomography imaging at 1 and 12 months after the procedure. Conclusion. Due to its characteristics, reproducibility and availability, computed tomography angiography remains the cornerstone diagnostic modality of post-procedural assessment in patients with endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair.

scholarly journals The value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the characterization of vascular pattern of solid pancreatic lesions

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melania Ardelean ◽  
Roxana Sirli ◽  
Ioan Sporea ◽  
Simona Bota ◽  
Mirela Danila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Solid Lesions

The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of CEUS in the characterization of pancreatic solid lesions, considering cross sectional imaging techniques (CE-CT/MRI) as the “gold standard” methods. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective, monocentric study that included 91 solid pancreatic lesions which were evaluated by CEUS and by a second- line contrast imaging technique (CT or MRI), considered as the reference method. Results: The rate of a conclusive diagnosis based on a typical enhancement pattern was 94% (78/83 cases). In 72 cases out of 83 (86.7%) there was a perfect concordance between CEUS and the “gold-standard” imaging method (CE-CT/MRI). In our study, 88% (73/83) of the pancreatic lesions were categorized as malignant due to their typical wash-out aspect in the late phase. The overall accuracy of CEUS for the differential diagnosis of solid pancreatic tumors was approximately 81%. The accuracy of CEUS for the diagnosis of hypoen- hancing pancreatic tumors was approximately 89.1%; while for the diagnosis of hyperenhancing pancreatic tumors it was ap- proximately 72.8%. Conclusion: CEUS allows the differentiation between hypo- vs. hyperenhancing pancreatic solid lesions, with a considerable diagnostic accuracy, a fundamental step in the precise diagnosis of pancreatic tumors.

scholarly journals Non-Tumor Cystic Lesions of the Adrenal Gland

PRILOZI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Janevska ◽  
Vlado Janevski ◽  
Oliver Stankov ◽  
Liljana Spasevska ◽  
Slavica Kostadinova-Kunovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Radiologic Imaging ◽  
Vascular Origin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Material Standard

Abstract Adrenal cystic lesions are uncommon but due to the improved radiologic imaging techniques their appearance seems to increase. Material and Methods: We analyzed the clinical and radiological findings of 10 patients with adrenal cysts and the pathological features of the operative material. Standard dissection procedure and paraffin embedded tissue sections were made, stained by HE and immunohistochemically with CD34, CD 31, Factor 8, Podoplanin, CKWS and AE1/AE3 Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.6 years; female to male ratio was 2.3:1. All the cysts were diagnosed as cystic lesions radiologically except one. The most present clinical symptom was abdominal pain. The diameter of the cysts measured from 2 to 7 cm. Four of the cysts were diagnosed as pseudocysts and six as endothelial. Six cysts were lined by CD34+ and CD31+ cells, four were lined by Factor 8+ and podoplanin+ cells and four had no lining. Conclusion: Endothelial cysts were more common cysts in our study and the immunohistochemical results suggested common vascular origin to all endothelial cysts and supported additional separation of angiomatous and lymphangiomathous adrenal vascular cysts.

Imaging techniques in endometriosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Espada ◽  
Elena Alvarez-Moreno ◽  
Mar Jimenez de la Pena ◽  
Veronica Munoz Capio ◽  
Shannon Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Verbal Description ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Definition Of

Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition affecting up to 15% of the general female population. Here, we present a systematic review of imaging techniques of endometriosis. The aim of this review is to determine the most accurate site-specific preoperative diagnostic tools in order to map, locate, evaluate the extension, and stage the disease. There are important reasons to stage endometriosis: to create a common language, to enable specificity of diagnosis, standardize comparisons, and to facilitate research applications. The requirements of an ideal endometriosis classification system are that it be empirically and scientifically based, be of general consensus, have unambiguous definition of terms, be comprehensive in all cases, have a simple translation from anatomic features to verbal description, reflect disease, predict fertility, predict pain relief, be useful to guide treatment, indicate risk of recurrence, identify clinical situations in which it does not apply, be simple to calculate, and be easy to communicate to women. An extensive search of papers regarding imaging techniques in endometriosis was performed in Pubmed from January 1992 to February 2018, including original peer-reviewed papers, reviews, and international guidelines.

scholarly journals Type 1 Choroidal Neovascularization Evolution by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Long-Term Follow-Up

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marco Rispoli ◽  
Maria Cristina Savastano ◽  
Bruno Lumbroso ◽  
Lisa Toto ◽  
Luca Di Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Choroidal Neovascularization ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To evaluate structural changes in response to antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in patients with long-term type 1 choroidal neovascularization (CNV) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Method. This is a longitudinal study that involved a total of 51 eyes with type 1 CNV (35 female and 16 male eyes). Structural OCT and OCTA were performed on all the subjects. AngioVue OCTA (XR Avanti, Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA) was used to obtain qualitative and quantitative information. All eyes were treated with an anti-VEGF ProReNata (PRN) approach and were followed for a mean of 38.9 months (SD±7.22). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed at each follow-up timepoint. Results. We observed two kinds of possible evolution of type 1 CNV: “positive evolution,” including stabilization in 20% of patients and chronicity in 35%, and “negative evolution,” in which fibrosis was shown in 18% of patients, chorioretinal atrophy in 25%, and hemorrhage or RPE tears in 2%. The mean BCVA at baseline was 33.67±15.85 ETDRS letters; after 1 and 2 years, it was 31.61±18.04 and 31.18±18.58 ETDRS letters, respectively. The mean BCVA at the end of follow-up was 25.27±20 ETDRS letters. The difference between the values at baseline and at the end of follow-up was not statistically significant (P=0.06, r2=0.10). Conclusions. This study describes an in vivo structural long-term evolution of type 1 CNV by OCT and OCTA. Different possible CNV outcomes were observed. This study suggests that new retinal imaging techniques could be useful tools for assessing the potential retinal changes in the evolution of type 1 CNV to develop personalized medicine. Further studies using OCTA in the long term are needed to better understand why similarly treated type 1 CNV cases evolve differently and produce different results.

A Three-Dimensional Registration Method for MicroUS/MicroPET Multimodality Small-Animal Imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Ho Liao ◽  
Li-Yen Chen ◽  
Wen-Fang Cheng ◽  
Pai-Chi Li
Keyword(s):  
Image Registration ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Small Animal Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Registration Method ◽  
Animal Imaging

Small-animal models are used extensively in disease research, genomics research, drug development and developmental biology. The development of noninvasive small-animal imaging techniques with adequate spatial resolution and sensitivity is therefore of prime importance. In particular, multimodality small-animal imaging can provide complementary information. This paper presents a method for registering high-frequency ultrasonic (microUS) images with small-animal positron-emission tomography (microPET) images. Registration is performed using six external multimodality markers, each being a glass bead with a diameter of 0.43–0.60 mm, with 0.1 μl of [18F]FDG placed in each marker holder. A small-animal holder is used to transfer mice between the microPET and microUS systems. Multimodality imaging was performed on C57BL/6J black mice bearing WF-3 ovary cancer cells in the second week after tumor implantation and rigid-body image registration of the six markers was also performed. The average registration error was 0.31 mm when all six markers were used and increased as the number of markers decreased. After image registration, image segmentation and fusion are performed on the tumor. Our multimodality small-animal imaging method allows structural information from microUS to be combined with functional information from microPET, with the preliminary results showing it to be an effective tool for cancer research.

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