scholarly journals Reexamination of the Influence on Japanese Schools of the Active Acceptance of Psychological Knowledge:

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (0) ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
Naomi YASUDA
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Japanese Schools ◽  
Active Acceptance

Scientific Problem Solving in a Virtual Laboratory: A Comparison Between Individuals and Pairs

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda A. Métrailler ◽  
Ester Reijnen ◽  
Cornelia Kneser ◽  
Klaus Opwis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Scientific Problem Solving ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Verbal Data ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Problem Solving Task

This study compared individuals with pairs in a scientific problem-solving task. Participants interacted with a virtual psychological laboratory called Virtue to reason about a visual search theory. To this end, they created hypotheses, designed experiments, and analyzed and interpreted the results of their experiments in order to discover which of five possible factors affected the visual search process. Before and after their interaction with Virtue, participants took a test measuring theoretical and methodological knowledge. In addition, process data reflecting participants’ experimental activities and verbal data were collected. The results showed a significant but equal increase in knowledge for both groups. We found differences between individuals and pairs in the evaluation of hypotheses in the process data, and in descriptive and explanatory statements in the verbal data. Interacting with Virtue helped all students improve their domain-specific and domain-general psychological knowledge.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПЕДАГОГИКА В ВУЗЕ// Actual Problems of Applied Sciences Journal World, 6(16), 2019/ Chief Editor Markus Hemmer: Open European Academy of Public Sciences (OEAPS Inc.). 06.07.2019. Barcelona, Spain, 2019. - PP. 9-15.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Батыровна Цагараева
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Teachers ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
European Academy ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

В статье рассматривается роль психологических знаний в процессе обучения, анализируются современные подходы к организации подготовки преподавателей высшей школы в Узбекистане, выявлены основные тенденции и этапы формирования их компетентности, выявлены наиболее эффективные методы и формы повышения методической и психологической квалификации будущих преподавателей.The article discusses the role of psychological knowledge in the learning process, analyzes modern approaches to the organization of training of high school teachers in Uzbekistan, identifies the main trends and stages of formation their competencies, the most effective methods and forms of improving the methodological and psychological qualifications and future teachers.

Where is semiotic-cultural constructivism in psychology heading? Contemporary reflections on the trajectory of an approach to cultural psychology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110173
Author(s):  
Danilo Silva Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to discuss the relationship between personal cultural experience and knowledge construction in psychology, from the perspective of the Semiotic-Cultural Constructivism. The thoughts here presented are, at the same time, from within psychology and about psychology. The researcher is culturally situated and science is a field of production of cultural works that aims to create perspectives of knowledge about the world. Researchers can and must create some detachment from their field of study to be able to understand the course of their own knowledge constructions. This detachment is achieved through a historical–philosophical view on the theoretical–methodological propositions of their field of research. As a case study, we selected for analysis the field’s pioneer productions, from the years 1982 to 2004. The material showed that the rationality that characterizes scientific research is directed, in this field, to creating semiotic resources for further developing reflexivity in psychology, as a recursive and open-ended process. The theoretical–methodological work of the researcher concerns its own personal cultural experience and the tradition of the already constructed knowledge, selected to a dialogue about the ethical implications of human action. Therefore, advances in psychological knowledge construction cannot be addressed from an external, allegedly neutral point of view, focused on the efficacy of the instruments resulting from the said “scientific progress.”

scholarly journals Perception of Gamblers: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Wöhr ◽  
Marius Wuketich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

AbstractIt is generally assumed that gamblers, and particularly people with gambling problems (PG), are affected by negative perception and stigmatisation. However, a systematic review of empirical studies investigating the perception of gamblers has not yet been carried out. This article therefore summarises empirical evidence on the perception of gamblers and provides directions for future research. A systematic literature review based on the relevant guidelines was carried out searching three databases. The databases Scopus, PubMed and BASE were used to cover social scientific knowledge, medical-psychological knowledge and grey literature. A total of 48 studies from 37 literature references was found. The perspective in these studies varies: Several studies focus on the perception of gamblers by the general population, by subpopulations (e. g. students or social workers), or by gamblers on themselves. The perspective on recreational gamblers is hardly an issue. A strong focus on persons with gambling problems is symptomatic of the gambling discourse. The analysis of the studies shows that gambling problems are thought to be rather concealable, whereas the negative effects on the concerned persons‘ lives are rated to be quite substantial. PG are described as “irresponsible” and “greedy” while they perceive themselves as “stupid” or “weak”. Only few examples of open discrimination are mentioned. Several studies however put emphasis on the stereotypical way in which PG are portrayed in the media, thus contributing to stigmatisation. Knowledge gaps include insights from longitudinal studies, the influence of respondents‘ age, culture and sex on their views, the relevance of the type of gambling a person is addicted to, and others. Further studies in these fields are needed.

School evaluation at Japanese schools: policy intentions and practical appropriation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Katsuno ◽  
Tetsuro Takei
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Student Involvement ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
School Evaluation ◽  
Japanese Education ◽  
Evaluation Policies ◽  
Japanese Schools

In the present paper the authors will describe the development of school evaluation policies in the context of recent Japanese education reform. In doing so, the applicability of Neave's 'Evaluative State' thesis shall be examined. And then they will move on to the discussion as to how the policies will work in schools. Drawing on the findings of their empirical research into student involvement in the school evaluation process, the authors will deal with the 'politics of appropriation'. The process could be of a liberating nature at the present time, as opposed to the managerial intentions of policy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document