A Study on the Effect of False Vocal Folds Gap Size on the Self-Sustained Oscillation of True Vocal Folds

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad H. Farahani ◽  
John Mousel ◽  
Sarah Vigmostad
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Folds ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sustained Oscillation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Larynx ◽  
Normal Configuration ◽  
False Vocal ◽  
Ventricular Folds ◽  
Different Levels

Recent studies have shown that the supraglottic structures could alter the aeroacoustics output of the larynx [1–2]. The fist supraglottic tissue above the true vocal folds (TVF) is the false vocal folds (FVF) or ventricular folds. This non-oscillatory part of the human larynx shows a wide range of adductions during the normal phonation. Most previous studies, however, have focused on the effect of normal configuration of the FVFs based on mean values reported for this laryngeal structure. Therefore, the effect of different levels of FVF adduction on oscillation of the TVFs remained uninvestigated.

Flow Visualization and Acoustic Consequences of the Air Moving Through a Static Model of the Human Larynx

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan R. Kucinschi ◽  
Ronald C. Scherer ◽  
Kenneth J. DeWitt ◽  
Terry T. M. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Flow Structure ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Jet Flow ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Flow Structures ◽  
Human Larynx ◽  
False Vocal

Flow visualization with smoke particles illuminated by a laser sheet was used to obtain a qualitative description of the air flow structures through a dynamically similar 7.5× symmetric static scale model of the human larynx (divergence angle of 10deg, minimal diameter of 0.04cm real life). The acoustic level downstream of the vocal folds was measured by using a condenser microphone. False vocal folds (FVFs) were included. In general, the glottal flow was laminar and bistable. The glottal jet curvature increased with flow rate and decreased with the presence of the FVFs. The glottal exit flow for the lowest flow rate showed a curved jet which remained laminar for all geometries. For the higher flow rates, the jet flow patterns exiting the glottis showed a laminar jet core, transitioning to vortical structures, and leading spatially to turbulent dissipation. This structure was shortened and tightened with an increase in flow rate. The narrow FVF gap lengthened the flow structure and reduced jet curvature via acceleration of the flow. These results suggest that laryngeal flow resistance and the complex jet flow structure exiting the glottis are highly affected by flow rate and the presence of the false vocal folds. Acoustic consequences are discussed in terms of the quadrupole- and dipole-type sound sources due to ordered flow structures.

Influence of False Vocal Folds Gap on the Glottal Jet Flow

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad H. Farahani ◽  
John Mousel ◽  
Fariborz Alipour ◽  
Sarah Vigmostad
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Jet Flow ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
False Vocal ◽  
Ventricular Folds ◽  
Shape And Size

Despite the large incidence of speech problems in the modern life, our knowledge about the effect of supraglottic laryngeal structures on human phonation is lacking. These structures are mainly consisting of aryepiglottic folds, epiglottis, arytenoids, and false folds (ventricular folds). Shape and size of these structures depends on several factors including race, gender, age, and laryngeal abnormalities.

scholarly journals Computational study of false vocal folds effects on unsteady airflows through static models of the human larynx

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1248-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Farbos de Luzan ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Mihai Mihaescu ◽  
Sid M. Khosla ◽  
Ephraim Gutmark
Keyword(s):  
Computational Study ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Human Larynx ◽  
Static Models ◽  
False Vocal

A Comparison of Physiological Demand between Self-Propelled and Motorized Treadmill Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Todd Backes ◽  
Charlene Takacs
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Computer Controlled

There are a wide range of options for individuals to choose from in order to engage in aerobic exercise; from outdoor running to computer controlled and self-propelled treadmills. Recently, self-propelled treadmills have increased in popularity and provide an alternative to a motorized treadmill. Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women) ranging in age from 19-23 with a mean of 20.4 ± 0.8 SD were participants in this study. The subjects visited the laboratory on three occasions. The purpose of the first visit was to familiarize the subject with the self-propelled treadmill (Woodway Curve 3.0). The second visit, subjects were instructed to run on the self-propelled treadmill for 3km at a self-determined pace. Speed data were collected directly from the self-propelled treadmill. The third visit used speed data collected during the self-propelled treadmill run to create an identically paced 3km run for the subjects to perform on a motorized treadmill (COSMED T150). During both the second and third visit, oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) data were collected with COSMED’s Quark cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) metabolic mixing chamber system. The VO2 mean value for the self-propelled treadmill (44.90 ± 1.65 SE ml/kg/min) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (34.38 ± 1.39 SE ml/kg/min). The mean R value for the self-propelled treadmill (0.91 ± 0.01 SE) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (0.86 ± 0.01 SE). Our study demonstrated that a 3km run on a self-propelled treadmill does elicit a greater physiological response than a 3km run at on a standard motorized treadmill. Self-propelled treadmills provide a mode of exercise that offers increased training loads and should be considered as an alternative to motorized treadmills.

Expressing the Self

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
The Self ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
First Person ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Person Reference ◽  
De Se ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cultural Pragmatics

This book addresses different linguistic and philosophical aspects of referring to the self in a wide range of languages from different language families, including Amharic, English, French, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Newari (Sino-Tibetan), Polish, Tariana (Arawak), and Thai. In the domain of speaking about oneself, languages use a myriad of expressions that cut across grammatical and semantic categories, as well as a wide variety of constructions. Languages of Southeast and East Asia famously employ a great number of terms for first-person reference to signal honorification. The number and mixed properties of these terms make them debatable candidates for pronounhood, with many grammar-driven classifications opting to classify them with nouns. Some languages make use of egophors or logophors, and many exhibit an interaction between expressing the self and expressing evidentiality qua the epistemic status of information held from the ego perspective. The volume’s focus on expressing the self, however, is not directly motivated by an interest in the grammar or lexicon, but instead stems from philosophical discussions of the special status of thoughts about oneself, known as de se thoughts. It is this interdisciplinary understanding of expressing the self that underlies this volume, comprising philosophy of mind at one end of the spectrum and cross-cultural pragmatics of self-expression at the other. This unprecedented juxtaposition results in a novel method of approaching de se and de se expressions, in which research methods from linguistics and philosophy inform each other. The importance of this interdisciplinary perspective on expressing the self cannot be overemphasized. Crucially, the volume also demonstrates that linguistic research on first-person reference makes a valuable contribution to research on the self tout court, by exploring the ways in which the self is expressed, and thereby adding to the insights gained through philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science.

Charles Olson and American Modernism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Byers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Action ◽  
The Self ◽  
Instrumental Reason ◽  
Charles Olson ◽  
American Modernism ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Poet ◽  
Mark Rothko

The Practice of the Self situates the work of American poet Charles Olson (1910–70) at the centre of the early postwar American avant-garde. It shows Olson to have been one of the major advocates and theorists of American modernism in the late 1940s and early 1950s; a poet who responded fully and variously to the political, ethical, and aesthetic urgencies driving innovation across contemporary American art. Reading Olson’s work alongside that of contemporaries associated with the New York Schools of painting and music (as well as the exiled Frankfurt School), the book draws on Olson’s published and unpublished writings to establish an original account of early postwar American modernism. The development of Olson’s work is seen to illustrate two primary drivers of formal innovation in the period: the evolution of a new model of political action pivoting around the radical individual and, relatedly, a powerful new critique of instrumental reason and the Enlightenment tradition. Drawing on extensive archival research and featuring readings of a wide range of artists—including, prominently, Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko, David Smith, Wolfgang Paalen, and John Cage—The Practice of the Self offers a new reading of a major American poet and an original account of the emergence of postwar American modernism.

Interpretation In Qualitative Research: What, Why, How

2020 ◽  
pp. 955-982
Author(s):  
Allen Trent ◽  
Jeasik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
The Self ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interpretive Strategies

This chapter addresses a wide range of concepts related to interpretation in qualitative research, examines the meaning and importance of interpretation in qualitative inquiry, and explores the ways methodology, data, and the self/researcher as instrument interact and impact interpretive processes. Additionally, the chapter presents a series of strategies for qualitative researchers engaged in the process of interpretation and closes by presenting a framework for qualitative researchers designed to inform their interpretations. The framework includes attention to the key qualitative research concepts transparency, reflexivity, analysis, validity, evidence, and literature. Four questions frame the chapter: What is interpretation, and why are interpretive strategies important in qualitative research? How do methodology, data, and the researcher/self impact interpretation in qualitative research? How do qualitative researchers engage in the process of interpretation? And, in what ways can a framework for interpretation strategies support qualitative researchers across multiple methodologies and paradigms?

Asymmetry in the self-sustained oscillation ofPhysarum plasmodial strands

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 197 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Takahashi ◽  
A. Takamatsu ◽  
Z. -S. Hu ◽  
Y. Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Sustained Oscillation

Spontaneous perforation of cervical oesophagus: a rare variant of Boerhaave's syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 1378-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mittal ◽  
A Rohatgi ◽  
R P Sutcliffe ◽  
A Botha
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Oesophageal Perforation ◽  
Nasogastric Feeding ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
The Right ◽  
False Vocal

AbstractBackground:A 29-year-old man presented with sudden onset of severe pain in his throat, difficulty breathing and a hoarse voice, following an episode of vomiting.Investigations:Initial laboratory tests were normal. The patient underwent fibre-optic nasendoscopy, which demonstrated a haematoma in the piriform fossa. Lateral neck radiography and subsequent computed tomography scanning confirmed a 2 cm, loculated, gas-containing collection at the level of the vallecula in the right posterolateral wall, extending to the false vocal folds and communicating between the right parapharyngeal space and the right carotid sheath. Water-soluble contrast swallow confirmed the diagnosis.Diagnosis:Contained oesophageal perforation.Management:Conservative treatment was adopted involving nil orally, intravenous antibiotics and nasogastric feeding. The patient made an uneventful recovery.

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