A Wearable Gait Monitor and Terrain Prediction System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Sullivan ◽  
Elizabeth DeBartolo ◽  
Kathleen Lamkin-Kennard
Keyword(s):  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Prosthetic Device ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Many ◽  
Foot Orthotic ◽  
Difficulty Walking

Nearly one million people in 2009 were discharged from the hospital with stroke as the primary diagnosis [1]. One of the many lasting side effects of a stroke can be foot drop, or an inability to dorsiflex the foot. In order to remedy this, many people wear an ankle-foot orthotic (AFO) post-stroke. Interviews with AFO users revealed that they frequently have difficulty walking on stairs and ramps, because the AFO limits the plantarflexion that is natural in navigating those ground types. An active AFO that adapts to changing ground terrain would provide a more natural gait pattern for these individuals, if it could be designed to respond appropriately to upcoming terrain. In order to respond to terrain, the device must first identify the terrain. This paper outlines a system [2] that simultaneously predicts the type of terrain a user is approaching as they walk, and captures information about that user’s walking activity. Such a system can be used as the control system for an active orthotic or prosthetic device. Additionally, this system can be used as a stand-alone gait and terrain monitor to aid in rehabilitation monitoring in between patient visits with a clinician.

Terrain Characterization Using Modified RANSAC Analysis of Human Gait Data

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Sullivan ◽  
Elizabeth A. DeBartolo ◽  
Kathleen Lamkin-Kennard
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Test Subject ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Many ◽  
Foot Orthotic

One of the many lasting side effects of a stroke can be foot drop, or an inability to dorsiflex the foot. In order to remedy this, many people wear an ankle-foot orthotic (AFO) post-stroke. One of the many troubles these individuals face is in dealing with obstacles such as stairs and ramps, because the AFO limits the plantarflexion that is natural in navigating these obstacles [1,2]. The end goal of this research is to create an active AFO that adapts to changing ground terrain, providing a more natural gait pattern. This paper presents the first part of this work: a means for identifying terrain in order to control an AFO. This has been accomplished using an infrared (IR) range sensor attached to the lower leg, used to measure the surface profile of the ground just ahead of a test subject. Using a modified RANSAC technique to fit experimental gait data, standardized gait profiles for different terrain have been quantified and shown to be reproducible, indicating the utility of the technique for terrain identification and AFO control.

Air Muscle Powered Ankle Foot Orthotic

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Couper ◽  
Robert Day ◽  
Patrick Renahan ◽  
Patrick Streeter ◽  
Elizabeth DeBartolo
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Air Muscle ◽  
Lou Gehrig’S Disease ◽  
Foot Orthotic ◽  
Lou Gehrig's Disease ◽  
Difficulty Walking

Foot drop, a disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, is a broad term used to describe a neurological or muscular-skeletal condition that restricts an individual’s ability to dorsiflex — raise — their foot about the ankle joint. Common causes of foot drop are stroke, ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease), MS, and injury. Unassisted, an individual with foot drop will have difficulty walking as the affected foot easily catches on obstacles. Foot drop causes clients to drag their toes on each step, greatly increasing the risk of a trip or fall.

Logic of many-sorted theories

1952 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Identity Relation ◽  
Predicate Calculus ◽  
Axiomatic Theory ◽  
Quantification Theory ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Usual Theory ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
Axiomatic Systems

Certain axiomatic systems involve more than one category of fundamental objects; for example, points, lines, and planes in geometry; individuals, classes of individuals, etc. in the theory of types or in predicate calculi of orders higher than one. It is natural to use variables of different kinds with their ranges respectively restricted to different categories of objects, and to assume as substructure the usual quantification theory (the restricted predicate calculus) for each of the various kinds of variables together with the usual theory of truth functions for the formulas of the system. An axiomatic theory set up in this manner will be called many-sorted. We shall refer to the theory of truth functions and quantifiers in it as its (many-sorted) elementary logic, and call the primitive symbols and axioms (including axiom schemata) the proper primitive symbols and proper axioms of the system. Our purpose in this paper is to investigate the many-sorted systems and their elementary logics.Among the proper primitive symbols of a many-sorted system Tn (n = 2, …, ω) there may be included symbols of some or all of the following kinds: (1) predicates denoting the properties and relations treated in the system; (2) functors denoting the functions treated in the system; (3) constant names for certain objects of the system. We may either take as primitive or define a predicate denoting the identity relation in Tn.

scholarly journals Great debate: how clinicians make their views heard in health reform

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Scott Blackwell ◽  
Kim Gibson ◽  
Shane Combs ◽  
Rowan Davidson ◽  
Carolyn Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Reform ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Great Debate ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Many

PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEMS in Australia and internationally are faced with the need to implement significant reforms. These reforms are driven by the need to balance the delivery of best practice clinical care with rapidly spiralling cost pressures. With much of the agenda for reform driven by managerial, administrative and even political priorities, clinicians have often felt sidelined from the reform process. Indeed, there is some evidence that clinicians have had decreased enthusiasm for their work in recent years, coinciding with a greater role of nonmedical managers and more restrictions on resources.1 There is a wealth of experience and intelligence within the clinical workforce that can contribute to finding solutions to the many complex issues facing the health system.2 This experience and intelligence is expressed in advice on the clinician?s specific areas of expertise and often within their own environment. This may work against the clinician having an effective impact on the reform agenda at the macro level. In that context, the establishment of a Clinical Senate in Western Australia to inform the health reform process by debating major issues that impact across the system is innovative. The Clinical Senate requires that Senators adopt a broad view, set aside their particular clinical allegiances and debate the issues in the best interests of the community. The Clinical Senate is a forum that allows clinicians to influence statewide-level processes through formally recognised channels. This article examines the rationale, processes and operation of the Clinical Senate in WA as a mechanism for effective clinician input into health reform.

scholarly journals Incident preclinical mobility disability (PCMD) increases future risk of new difficulty walking and reduction in walking activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. e329-e333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos O. Weiss ◽  
Jennifer L. Wolff ◽  
Brian Egleston ◽  
Christopher L. Seplaki ◽  
Linda P. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Mobility Disability ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Future Risk ◽  
Difficulty Walking

scholarly journals Persons post-stroke improve step length symmetry by walking asymmetrically

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnima Padmanabhan ◽  
Keerthana Sreekanth ◽  
Shivam Gulhar ◽  
Kendra M. Cherry-Allen ◽  
Kristan A. Leech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Paretic Limb ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
The Many

Abstract Background Restoration of step length symmetry is a common rehabilitation goal after stroke. Persons post-stroke often retain the ability to walk with symmetric step lengths ("symmetric steps") at an elevated metabolic cost relative to healthy adults. Two key questions with direct implications for rehabilitation have emerged: 1) how do persons post-stroke generate symmetric steps, and 2) why do symmetric steps remain so effortful? Here, we aimed to understand how persons post-stroke generate symmetric steps and explored how the resulting gait pattern may relate to the metabolic cost of transport. Methods We recorded kinematic, kinetic, and metabolic data as nine persons post-stroke walked on an instrumented treadmill under two conditions: preferred walking and symmetric stepping (using visual feedback). Results Gait kinematics and kinetics remained markedly asymmetric even when persons post-stroke improved step length symmetry. Impaired paretic propulsion and abnormal movement of the center of mass were evident during both preferred walking and symmetric stepping. These deficits contributed to diminished positive work performed by the paretic limb on the center of mass in both conditions. Within each condition, decreased positive paretic work correlated with increased metabolic cost of transport and decreased walking speed across participants. Conclusions It is critical to consider the mechanics used to restore symmetric steps when designing interventions to improve walking after stroke. Future research should consider the many dimensions of asymmetry in post-stroke gait, and additional within-participant manipulations of gait parameters are needed to improve our understanding of the elevated metabolic cost of walking after stroke.

The Expanding, Lop-Sided Universe of Social Influence and Law Research

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Demaine ◽  
Robert Cialdini
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Many

This chapter explores “social influence and the law,” which we conceptualize as consisting of three parts: (1) social influence in the legal system, (2) the legal regulation of social influence in our everyday lives, and (3) law as an instrument of social influence. Within each part, we identify the primary topics that psychologists have studied empirically and review the existing research. The chapter thus highlights the many and varied contributions of psychologists related to social influence and the law. The chapter also reveals a marked imbalance in the social influence and law literature—the vast majority of psychological research falls within the first part, despite the fact that the second and third parts capture equally or more important topics from both legal and psychological viewpoints. We end the chapter by explaining this uneven distribution of effort and urging psychologists to take a broader approach to social influence and the law.

A Prediction System for Cubic Foot Volume of Loblolly Pine Applicable Through Much of its Range

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Van Deusen ◽  
Alfred D. Sullivan ◽  
Thomas G. Matvey
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
The Many ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract It has been suggested that the many published loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) volume equations be consolidated. Comparative analysis demonstrated that a single volume prediction system can be used to estimate total and merchantable volume for old-field plantation-grown loblolly pine through much of its range. Three data sets were pooled to produce total volume equations and ratio equations for merchantable volume. These equations will be particularly useful in areas for which no volume tables have been specifically prepared.

The Organizing Principle of Complex Living Systems

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Iberall ◽  
W. S. McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Living System ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Homeostatic Regulation ◽  
Dynamic Character ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Many ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
And Control

A scheme is outlined for a useful way to think about the complex biological organism, man. It is based on physiological findings that the regulating and control functions in the system make use of active processes, exhibiting oscillatory properties [1]. The resulting homeostatic regulation, which was the key concept proposed by Bernard, Sechenov, and Cannon for the living system [2], emerges from mediation of these oscillators. Because of its dynamic character, the scheme is renamed homeokinesis [3]. The concept may be extended to man’s behavioral complex. In outline, it touches on all the time or frequency domains in life—that is, of the many episodes in man.

scholarly journals Changes in plantar load distribution and gait pattern following foot drop correction in leprosy affected patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Mrinmoy Karmakar ◽  
Jerry Joshua ◽  
Nidhu Mahato
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Foot Drop
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