Robotically Controlled Variation of the Instantaneous Center of Rotation: The Effects on Kinetics and Kinematics of Cervical Spine

Author(s):  
R. W. Colbrunn ◽  
T. F. Bonner ◽  
P. Mageswaren ◽  
A. Bartsch ◽  
R. F. McLain

Cervical spine loads are complex, with different head and neck movements producing different spine loading conditions. Imagine performing a chin tuck, (this simple action predominantly utilizes mostly upper cervical segments), or stretching out your neck to look down over something (this action requires the utilization of lower level cervical segments). The effect in both cases is neck flexion, but cervical spine loads may vary greatly. With a trend towards increasing fidelity and in vivo applicability of in vitro simulations [1], this study aimed to provide a novel biomechanical assessment of the influence of varying the location of the regional Instantaneous Center of Rotation (ICR) on the kinetics and kinematics of the cervical spine.

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Michel Dugailly ◽  
Stéphane Sobczak ◽  
Victor Sholukha ◽  
Serge Van Sint Jan ◽  
Patrick Salvia ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Mozammil Hussain ◽  
Raghu N. Natarajan ◽  
Gunnar B. J. Andersson ◽  
Howard S. An

Degenerative changes in the cervical spine due to aging are very common causes of neck pain in general population. Although many investigators have quantified the gross morphological changes in the disc with progressive degeneration, the biomechanical changes due to degenerative pathologies of the disc and its effect on the adjacent levels are not well understood. Despite many in vivo and in vitro techniques used to study such complex phenomena, the finite element (FE) method is still a powerful tool to investigate the internal mechanics and complex clinical situations under various physiological loadings particularly when large numbers of parameters are involved. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a poroelastic FE model of a healthy C3-T1 segment of the cervical spine under physiologic moment loads. The model included the regional effect of change in the fixed charged density of proteoglycan concentration and change in the permeability and porosity due to change in the axial strain of disc tissues. The model was further modified to include various degrees of disc degeneration at the C5-C6 level. Outcomes of this study provided a better understanding on the progression of degeneration along the cervical spine by investigating the biomechanical response of the adjacent segments with an intermediate degenerated C5-C6 level.


2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takasaki ◽  
Toby Hall ◽  
Sadanori Oshiro ◽  
Shouta Kaneko ◽  
Yoshikazu Ikemoto ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
M. C Korinth ◽  
T Hero ◽  
A. H Mahnken ◽  
C Ragoß ◽  
K Scherer

AbstractZur Beurteilung des radiologischen, biomechanischen und histologischen Einwachsverhaltens neuer Materialien, Implantate und Cages für die zervikale interkorporelle Fusion, bieten sich Tiermodelle und hier insbesondere das Schafs-Halswirbelsäulenmodell an.In biomechanischen In-vitro-Versuchen an humanen Kadaver-Halswirbelsäulen wurden erste Erfahrungen hinsichtlich Primärstabilität eines Cage aus einer neuartigen, porösen TiOZur entsprechenden In-vivo-Beurteilung fusionierten wir 10 Schafs-Halswirbelsäulen in den Höhen C2/3 und C4/5 jeweils mit PMMA und einem Ecopore-Keramik-Cage und führten nativradiologische, sowie computertomographische Verlaufsuntersuchungen direkt post-operativ und alle 4 Wochen in den folgenden 2 bzw. 4 Monaten durch. Neben der Etablierung des Tiermodells, wurden die radiologischen Veränderungen im Verlauf und die Fusion der operierten Segmente analysiert. Darüberhinaus wurden Messungen der entsprechenden Bandscheibenfachhöhen (DSH) und Intervertebralwinkel (IVA) durchgeführt und verglichen.Nach Einbringen der Implantate in die Bandscheibenfächer nahm zunächst in beiden Gruppen die mittlere Bandscheibenfachhöhe und der Intervertebralwinkel zu (34,8%; 53,9%). In den folgenden Monaten verringerte sich die Bandscheibenfachhöhe nicht signifikant, deutlicher nach Ecopore-Fusion als nach PMMA-Interposition bis auf Werte unterhalb der Ausgangswerte. Ebenso nahm der Intervertebralwinkel im postoperativen Verlauf, deutlicher in der Ecopore-Gruppe als in der PMMA-Gruppe, ab (p < 0,05). Diese Veränderungen im Sinne einer Einsinterung der Implantate, konnte in den radiologischen Verlaufskontrollen morphologisch bestätigt werden. Die radiologisch beurteilbare Fusion, d.h. solide knöcherne Überbauung des operierten Segments, war nach Implantation eines Ecopore-Cage ausgeprägter (83%) als nach PMMA-Interposition (50%) (nicht statistisch signifikant).In diesem ersten Teil unserer In-vivo-Untersuchungen zu dem Einsatz des neuartigen Cage-Materials wurde die Anwendung im Spondylodesemodell der Schafs-Halswirbelsäule aufgezeigt. Es zeigten sich radiologische Unterschiede, in Bezug auf die ausgeprägtere Einsinterung des Ecopore-Cage und die deutlichere, nachweisbare Fusion des mit dem neuen Material operierten Segments. In dem ersten Teil dieser Studie wurden die radiologischen Veränderungen der fusionierten Segmente über mehrere Monate dargestellt und morphologisch analysiert, bevor die biomechanischen Analysen und Vergleiche in einem weiteren Teil präsentiert werden sollen. Animals are becoming more and more common as in vitro and in vivo models for the human spine. Especially the sheep cervical spine is stated to be of good comparability and usefulness in the evaluation of in vivo radiological, biomechanical and histological behaviour of new bone replacement materials, implants and cages for cervical spine interbody fusion.In preceding biomechanical in vitro examination human cervical spine specimens were tested after fusion with either a cubical stand-alone interbody fusion cage manufactured from a new porous TiOImmediately after placement of both implants in the disc spaces the mean DSH and IVA increased (34.8% and 53.9%, respectively). During the following months DSH decreased to a greater extent in the Ecopore-segments than in the PMMA-segments, even to a value below the initial value (p > 0,05). Similarly, the IVA decreased in both groups in the postoperative time lapse, but more distinct in the Ecopore-segments (p < 0,05). These changes in terms of a subsidence of the implants, were confirmed morphologically in the radiological examination in the course. The radiologically evaluated fusion, i.e. bony bridging of the operated segments, was more pronounced after implantation of an Ecopore-cage (83%), than after PMMA interposition (50%), but did not gain statistical significance.In this first in vivo examination of our new porous ceramic bone replacement material we showed its application in the spondylodesis model of the sheep cervical spine. Distinct radiological changes regarding evident subsidence and detectable fusion of the segments, operated on with the new biomaterial, were seen. We demonstrated the radiological changes of the fused segments during several months and analysed them morphologically, before the biomechanical evaluation will be presented in a subsequent publication.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yuancan Huang ◽  
Shuai Li ◽  
Minshan Feng ◽  
Liguo Zhu

Rotation-traction (RT) manipulation is a commonly used physical therapy procedure in TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) for cervical spondylosis. This procedure temporarily separates the C3 and C4 cervical vertebrae from each other when a physician applies a jerky action while the neck is voluntarily turned by the patient to a specific position as instructed by the physician, where the cervical vertebrae are twisted and locked. However, a high rate of cervical injury occurs due to inexperienced physician interns who lack sufficient training. Therefore, we developed a cervical spine mechanism that imitates the dynamic behaviours of the human neck during RT manipulation. First, in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to acquire the biomechanical feature curves of the human neck during RT manipulation. Second, a mass-spring-damper system with an electromagnetic clutch was designed to emulate the entire dynamic response of the human neck. In this system, a spring is designed as rectilinear and nonlinear to capture the viscoelasticity of soft tissues, and an electromagnetic clutch is used to simulate the sudden disengagement of the cervical vertebrae. Test results show that the mechanism can exhibit the desired behaviour when RT manipulation is applied in the same manner as on humans.


2021 ◽  
pp. 110872
Author(s):  
Ana I. LORENTE ◽  
César HIDALGO-GARCÍA ◽  
Pablo FANLO-MAZAS ◽  
Jacobo RODRÍGUEZ-SANZ ◽  
Carlos LÓPEZ-de-CELIS ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Ana I Lorente ◽  
Mario Maza Frechín ◽  
Albert Pérez Bellmunt ◽  
César Hidalgo García

The rotation stress test is used to evaluate stability of the craniocervical junction by assuming that it gives the maximum rotation. However, a more complex manipulation might show a higher rotation: the rotation with extension and contralateral bending. This was tested in vitro with ten upper cervical spine specimens.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Waseem Ur Rahman ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Guohua Wang ◽  
Zhijun Li

BACKGROUND: The finite element method (FEM) is an efficient and powerful tool for studying human spine biomechanics. OBJECTIVE: In this study, a detailed asymmetric three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of the upper cervical spine was developed from the computed tomography (CT) scan data to analyze the effect of ligaments and facet joints on the stability of the upper cervical spine. METHODS: A 3D FE model was validated against data obtained from previously published works, which were performed in vitro and FE analysis of vertebrae under three types of loads, i.e. flexion/extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending. RESULTS: The results show that the range of motion of segment C1–C2 is more flexible than that of segment C2–C3. Moreover, the results from the FE model were used to compute stresses on the ligaments and facet joints of the upper cervical spine during physiological moments. CONCLUSION: The anterior longitudinal ligaments (ALL) and interspinous ligaments (ISL) are found to be the most active ligaments, and the maximum stress distribution is appear on the vertebra C3 superior facet surface under both extension and flexion moments.


Radiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant M. Stevens ◽  
Robyn L. Birdwell ◽  
Christopher F. Beaulieu ◽  
Debra M. Ikeda ◽  
Norbert J. Pelc

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