Nitric Oxide Transport in Lymphatic Vessels

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Wilson ◽  
Rebecca L. Dahlin ◽  
Olga Gasheva ◽  
David C. Zawieja ◽  
James E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Pathway ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Insight Into

The lymphatic system plays a vital role in maintaining proper physiological function in the body. Its removal of proteins and other particulate matter from the tissue spaces is particularly important for the body’s prevention of extracellular edema [1]. After fluid is absorbed by the initial lymphatics, it is transported to lymph nodes where filtration occurs. In addition, the lymphatic system serves as a common pathway of initial metastases to regional lymph nodes for certain types of cancers [2]. Thus, the characterization of mass transport in the lymphatic system could lead to unprecedented insight into the treatment of such pathologies.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF CHANGES IN LYMPH COMPOSITION IN DIFFERENT FORMS OF LYMPHADENITIS MAXILLOFACIAL AREA IN CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
P.I. Tkachenko ◽  
S.O. Bilokon ◽  
N.M. Lokhmatova ◽  
N.M. Korotych ◽  
Yu.B. Lobach
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Odontogenic Origin

This literature review highlights the role of the immunocompetence of the lymph substance and the oral mucosa in various clinical forms of lymphadenitis of the maxillofacial area in children. The purpose of the work was to conduct a reflective analysis of the importance of their protective responses in the development of inflammation in regional lymph nodes. According to modern conceptions about the morpho-functional significance of the lymphatic system, it is considered first of all as one of the components of the body protective system, which is anatomically closely related to the vascular system and includes capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, trunks and ducts through which the lymph flows from organs and systems to the site of the merge of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. In response to entering foreign particles bearing signs of alienation into the body, lymphocytes and related antibodies are being produced in the organs of the lymphatic system and then are transferred to the site of injury through the lymphatic passageways, where the immune response takes place. The presence of a significant number of nosological forms of the disease, the factors contributing to the development of acute or chronic inflammation in the lymph nodes of the face and neck can be explained by the diversity of functions performed by them and the imperfect level of the development of structural elements of the immune system in children at the general and local levels. According to the fact that the oral mucous membrane is borderline anatomical substance through which the antigenic loading is directly carried out, it is its immunocompetence that can greatly affect on the high probability of the development of inflammatory processes of odontogenic and non-odontogenic origin. The lack of in-depth information about the multifactorial mechanisms of the aetiology and pathogenesis of lymphadenitis of the maxillofacial area of different genesis in children causes poses some difficulties in their understanding, especially in children with signs of the developmental disorders in the antenatal and early postnatal periods that influences ontogenesis, thus impacting the strength of the body systemic and local immune responses. Therefore, the study of the morphological and immunohistochemical architectonics of certain sections of the oral mucosa and regional lymphatic formations including investigation of the level of their nonspecific and specific protection is an important factor in substantiating the appropriateness to include immunocorrection medicines of different pharmacological actions into the integrated therapy.

scholarly journals Bacterial Lymphatic Metastasis in Infection and Immunity

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Siggins ◽  
Shiranee Sriskandan
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic Metastasis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Bacterial Dissemination

Lymphatic vessels permeate tissues around the body, returning fluid from interstitial spaces back to the blood after passage through the lymph nodes, which are important sites for adaptive responses to all types of pathogens. Involvement of the lymphatics in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections is not well studied. Despite offering an obvious conduit for pathogen spread, the lymphatic system has long been regarded to bar the onward progression of most bacteria. There is little direct data on live virulent bacteria, instead understanding is largely inferred from studies investigating immune responses to viruses or antigens in lymph nodes. Recently, we have demonstrated that extracellular bacterial lymphatic metastasis of virulent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes drives systemic infection. Accordingly, it is timely to reconsider the role of lymph nodes as absolute barriers to bacterial dissemination in the lymphatics. Here, we summarise the routes and mechanisms by which an increasing variety of bacteria are acknowledged to transit through the lymphatic system, including those that do not necessarily require internalisation by host cells. We discuss the anatomy of the lymphatics and other factors that influence bacterial dissemination, as well as the consequences of underappreciated bacterial lymphatic metastasis on disease and immunity.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF PREDNISOLONE AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH) ON LYMPHATIC LUNG CLEARANCE AND ON EXPERIMENTAL SILICOSIS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Göthe
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Lung Clearance ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Quartz Dust ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The effect of three doses of prednisolone and ACTH respectively on the weight of the body, the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes was studied on rats killed one month after the intratracheal (i.t.) injection of 50 mg of fine-particulate quartz. The prednisolone was administered via the drinking water, and the ACTH was injected intraperitoneally during the period between the i.t. injection of quartz dust and the killing of the animals. Prednisolone causes the rats to become cachectic and reduces the weight of the hilar lymph nodes. It also retards the transport of quartz dust from the lungs via the lymphatics. All these effects increase with increasing doses of prednisolone. However, its effect on the lung weight is insignificant. ACTH does not affect the body weight, but retards the weight increase of the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes. These effects increase with increasing doses of ACTH, and seem to be connected with an ability of ACTH to promote the clearance of quartz dust from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. The method used, however, does not make it possible to differentiate quantitatively between any ACTH effects on the bronchogenie and lymphatic lung-clearance mechanisms. Available data, however, indicate that the stimulation of the dust transport from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes is, at least to some extent, related to the lymphatic system.

Infrared fluorescence lymphography in experimental and clinical practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Papayan ◽  
A. L. Akopov ◽  
P. A. Antonyan ◽  
A. A. Ilin ◽  
N. N. Petrishchev
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Peritumoral Injection ◽  
Intradermal Administration ◽  
Nir Fluorescence ◽  
Real Time Visualization

Introduction. Near infrared (NIR) fluorescent diagnostics is promising due to a deeper penetration into biological tissues. Material and methods. In experiments on rabbits and in clinical studies evaluation the lymphatic system with the use of the instrument complex FLUM-808 was analysed. Results. For visualization of the lymphatic vessels of the skin, the intradermal administration of ICG, dissolved in 20 % albumin in the order of 0.02 mg/ml, is optimal. Peritumoral injection of ICG allows visualizing sentinel lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer. Conclusions. The developed NIR fluorescence diagnostic system FLUM-808 allows to real time visualization of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.

Lymphangiogenesis in development and disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (08) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruediger Liersch ◽  
Michael Detmar
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Transplant Rejection ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Molecular Control

SummaryThe lymphatic vascular system plays an important role in the maintenance of fluid homeostasis, in the afferent immune response, in the intestinal lipid uptake and in the metastatic spread of malignant cells. The recent discovery of specific markers and growth factors for lymphatic endothelium and the establishment of genetic mouse models with impairment of lymphatic function have provided novel insights into the molecular control of the lymphatic system in physiology and in embryonic development. They have also identified molecular pathways whose mutational inactivation leads to human diseases associated with lymphedema. Moreover, the lymphatic system plays a major role in chronic inflammatory diseases and in transplant rejection. Importantly, malignant tumors can directly promote lymphangiogenesis within the primary tumor and in draining lymph nodes, leading to enhanced cancer metastasis to lymph nodes and beyond. Based upon these findings, novel therapeutic strategies are currently being developed that aim at inhibiting or promoting the formation and function of lymphatic vessels in disease.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles for VEGF-D in Human Disease

Biomolecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Stacker ◽  
Marc Achen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Animal Disease Models ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Insight Into

Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels are located in many tissues and organs throughout the body, and play important roles in a wide variety of prevalent diseases in humans. Vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) is a secreted protein that can promote the remodeling of blood vessels and lymphatics in development and disease. Recent fundamental and translational studies have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms by which VEGF-D exerts its effects in human disease. Hence this protein is now of interest as a therapeutic and/or diagnostic target, or as a potential therapeutic agent, in a diversity of indications in cardiovascular medicine, cancer and the devastating pulmonary condition lymphangioleiomyomatosis. This has led to clinical trial programs to assess the effect of targeting VEGF-D signaling pathways, or delivering VEGF-D, in angina, cancer and ocular indications. This review summarizes our understanding of VEGF-D signaling in human disease, which is largely based on animal disease models and clinicopathological studies, and provides information about the outcomes of recent clinical trials testing agonists or antagonists of VEGF-D signaling.

Vascular Growth Factors and Lymphangiogenesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Jussila ◽  
Kari Alitalo
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Tumors ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Tumor Spread

Blood and lymphatic vessels develop in a parallel, but independent manner, and together form the circulatory system allowing the passage of fluid and delivering molecules within the body. Although the lymphatic vessels were discovered already 300 years ago, at the same time as the blood circulation was described, the lymphatic system has remained relatively neglected until recently. This is in part due to the difficulties in recognizing these vessels in tissues because of a lack of specific markers. Over the past few years, several molecules expressed specifically in the lymphatic endothelial cells have been characterized, and knowledge about the lymphatic system has started to accumulate again. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of growth factors and receptors is involved in the development and growth of the vascular endothelial system. Two of its family members, VEGF-C and VEGF-D, regulate the lymphatic endothelial cells via their receptor VEGFR-3. With the aid of these molecules, lymphatic endothelial cells can be isolated and cultured, allowing detailed studies of the molecular properties of these cells. Also the role of the lymphatic endothelium in immune responses and certain pathological conditions can be studied in more detail, as the blood and lymphatic vessels seem to be involved in many diseases in a coordinated manner. Discoveries made so far will be helpful in the diagnosis of certain vascular tumors, in the design of specific treatments for lymphedema, and in the prevention of metastatic tumor spread via the lymphatic system.

Intestinal carcinomas in two tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis, Saguinus oedipus) of the German Primate Centre

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brack
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Saguinus Oedipus ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Ileocaecal Valve ◽  
Saguinus Fuscicollis ◽  
Well Differentiated

Two colonic mucoid adenocarcinomas in tamarins from the German Primate Centre are reported. A mucinous mucoid adenocarcinoma occurred in the ascending and transversal colon of a Saguinus oedipus male more than 8 years old, with metastases in the regional lymph nodes and the pancreas. The tumour corresponded to colon cancer in cotton-topped tamarins of other colonies. The second tumour, a well differentiated tubular mucoid adenocarcinoma, developed at the ileocaecal valve of a 14½ year old Saguinus fuscicollis male with metastases to the local lymphatic system.

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