Cognitive Engine Architecture for Railway Communications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Amanna ◽  
Matthew J. Price ◽  
Soumava Bera ◽  
Manik Gadhiok ◽  
Jeffrey H. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Cognitive Engine ◽  
Case Representation ◽  
Optimization Routine ◽  
Reconfigurable Software ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses a railway specific cognitive radio that builds upon software defined radio (SDR) platforms to adapt the radio based situational awareness. Cognitive Radio incorporates artificial intelligence based algorithms with reconfigurable software-defined radios that enable automatic adjustments of the radio to improve performance and overcome obstacles the radio may confront in the field (i.e. environmental/man-made interference, occupying the same channel as a user with higher priority, etc.). This paper describes the Railway Cognitive Radio (Rail-CR) architecture and illustrates preliminary results in simulation. The proposed cognitive engine architecture consists of a case-based reasoned (CBR) and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization routine. This paper discusses the overall cognitive architecture, the relationship between the CBR and the GA based on weighted objective functions, and metrics for assessing performance. Methods for case representation, quantifying similarity between cases histories, and techniques for managing case growth rate are presented as well as a proposed test bed SDR platform.

Multiband OFDM for Cognitive Radio – A Way for Cyclostationary Detection and Interference Cancellation

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1702
Author(s):  
Avila J ◽  
Thenmozhi K
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Radio System ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
Free Spectrum ◽  
Wireless Environment ◽  
Cyclostationary Detection ◽  
Hardware Test

With the tremendous growth in wireless technology there has been a shortage in the spectrum utilized for certain applications while some spectrum remains idle. To overcome this problem and for the efficient utilization of the spectrum cognitive radio is the suitable solution.Multiband OFDM can be easily modeled as cognitive radio, a technology that is employed for utilizing the available spectrum in the most efficient way. Since sensing of the free spectrum for detecting the arrival of the primary users is the foremost job of cognitive, here cyclostationary based spectrum sensing is carried out. Its performance is investigated using universal software defined radio peripheral (USRP) kit which is the hardware test bed for the cognitive radio system. Results are shown using Labview software. Further to mitigate the interference between the primary and cognitive users a modified intrusion elimination (AIC) algorithm had been proposed which in turn ensures the coexistence of both the users in the same wireless environment.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Software Defined Radio Based Cognitive Radio Test-Bed for LTE Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kolluru Suresh Babu ◽  
Srikanth Vemuru
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
Integrated Software ◽  
Secondary Link

In this work, we present a low-cost implementation of a Cognitive Radio (CR) test-bed for LTE and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) Networks. The test-bed setup is implemented using highly integrated Software Defined Radio (SDR) platforms which are well suited for wireless communication. Each transceiver can be configured to work as a primary (resp. secondary) eNodeB or a primary (resp. secondary) user in a Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio framework. In this context, we study the problem of spectrum management in an LTE based heterogeneous network and propose simple distributed algorithms which the secondary eNodeB can employ to efficiently manage the spectral opportunities that arise in such a network. Experimental validation show significant improvement in the secondary link throughput.  

Multi-Tiered Cognitive Radio Network for Positive Train Control Operations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Damindra S. Bandara ◽  
Anthony P. Melaragno ◽  
Duminda Wijesekara ◽  
Paulo Costa
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Cognitive Radio Network ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Cognitive Engine ◽  
Lower Tier

Positive Train Controller (PTC) is a communication based system designed to enforce PTC safety objectives for trains such as train-to-train collisions, train derailments, and ensure railroad worker safety. Existing PTC designs consider risks due to operational environment such as location of other trains, switches, and speed limits. We propose to enhance PTC by using a multi-tiered cognitive radio network that considers multiple risks such as those due to bandwidth congestion, packet length limitations, propagation losses, detectable exploitation of Software Defined Radio vulnerabilities, and protocol vulnerabilities. Radios operating at PTC nodes (such as train, WIU and Base station) is equipped with a cognitive layer, which communicates with other nodes to create a cognitive radio network. The proposed network as a whole strives to provide spectrum management and security for the radio communication system, which can enhance the PTC functionality. Each cognitive radio in our proposed network consists of multiple tiers. The upper tier consists of a master cognitive engine that holistically evaluates the operational risks of the network and acts to mitigate them using the lower tiers. The lower tier (immediate slave tier to the master) consists of sub cognitive engines for cryptographic operations and spectrum management. The traditional PTC protocol is implemented at a lower tier module that interface with the master Cognitive Engine (CE). The master-slave communications within one radio is implemented using middleware. The proposed cognitive radio network can be modeled as a cyber-physical system by incorporating train movement dynamics, radio transmission characteristics and cryptographical computations, thereby constituting a distributed system of communicating hybrid automatons. This design enables us to verify safety and the security of the system using formal methods, which constitutes our ongoing work. We also discuss potential issues such as FRA mandated safety cases that needs to be addressed if the proposed features are to be added to the PTC systems.

scholarly journals Multiband OFDM for Cognitive Radio – A Way for Cyclostationary Detection and Interference Cancellation

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1702
Author(s):  
Avila J ◽  
Thenmozhi K
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Radio System ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
Free Spectrum ◽  
Wireless Environment ◽  
Cyclostationary Detection ◽  
Hardware Test

With the tremendous growth in wireless technology there has been a shortage in the spectrum utilized for certain applications while some spectrum remains idle. To overcome this problem and for the efficient utilization of the spectrum cognitive radio is the suitable solution.Multiband OFDM can be easily modeled as cognitive radio, a technology that is employed for utilizing the available spectrum in the most efficient way. Since sensing of the free spectrum for detecting the arrival of the primary users is the foremost job of cognitive, here cyclostationary based spectrum sensing is carried out. Its performance is investigated using universal software defined radio peripheral (USRP) kit which is the hardware test bed for the cognitive radio system. Results are shown using Labview software. Further to mitigate the interference between the primary and cognitive users a modified intrusion elimination (AIC) algorithm had been proposed which in turn ensures the coexistence of both the users in the same wireless environment.

A Self-Learning Method for Cognitive Engine Based on CBR and Simulated Annealing

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 1586-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Jing Liu ◽  
Li Ya Chai ◽  
Jing Min Liu ◽  
Bo Wen Li
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Cognitive Engine ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Environment Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Learning

The essential difference of cognitive radio from traditional radio lies in its ability to sense, learn and adapt to the environment. Recently, the research for cognitive radio has focused on the configuration problems of multi-objective optimization. However, in actual communication systems, the observable environment parameters are limited. Besides, the relationship between the system’s inputs and outputs is often complicated. Thus, Cognitive radio (CR) needs to understand and adapt to the environment through learning. To solve the problem mentioned above, a self-learning method for Cognitive radio decision engine based on CBR and Simulated Annealing is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed method has the advantages of self-learning, multi-objective adaptation and rapid convergence.

Rail-CR: Cognitive Radio for Enhanced Railway Communication

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Amanna ◽  
Manik Gadhiok ◽  
Matthew J. Price ◽  
Jeffrey H. Reed ◽  
W. Pam Siriwongpairat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Cognitive Radios ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Cognitive Engine ◽  
Train Control

Robust, reliable, and interoperable wireless communications play a vital role in the success of railroad operations. This paper describes an effort towards developing a railroad-specific “cognitive radio” (Rail-CR) that can meet the needs of future wireless communication systems for railways by making positive train control (PTC) communication more interoperable, robust, reliable, and spectrally efficient, and less costly to deploy and maintain. Cognitive radios are a cutting edge research area that combines artificial intelligence (AI) with Software Defined Radios (SDRs) with the goal of improving upon existing radio performance. SDRs are radios in which capabilities are flexible due to realizing some functionality in software as opposed to a purely hardware platform. By utilizing situational awareness from the radio in the form of observable parameters, often known as ‘meters’, a cognitive engine (CE) utilizes software-based decision-making algorithms to determine if a change in the radio parameters, commonly referred to as ‘knobs’, is required based on sets of predefined goals. Additionally, learning algorithms dovetail with the decision making to enable the system to track and utilize past decisions and observations.

scholarly journals IN SEARCH OF SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODELS FOR COGNITIVE RADIO EVOLUTION

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav V. Fomin ◽  
Artūras Medeišis ◽  
Daiva Vitkutė-Adžgauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Spectrum Access ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Telecommunications Infrastructure ◽  
Radio Frequency Spectrum

In this paper we examine the emerging industry of Cognitive Radio/Software Defined Radio (CR/SDR), a sector which in some ways seconds the industry structure of the cellular mobile communications, while bearing distinctive characteristics. Any radio telecommunications infrastructure depends on scarce resources – radio frequency spectrum – that require policy decisions for allocation to specific countries and services. CR/SDR may constitute a new paradigm in radio communications as it may completely or partially eliminate the role of the regulator in minutiae of spectrum access authorization. In this paper, we review scarce literature on CR/SDR to analyze the relationships between political, technological and economic factors in order to identify drivers and barriers to the emergence of new techno-economic paradigm of CR/SDR. Our discussion of business opportunities for CR/SDR includes analysis of applicable spectrum access policies and identification of those of them, which would be most fertile for the development of future CR/SDR business.

Performance Evaluation of SDR Blade RF using Wide-band Monopole Antenna for Spectrum Sensing Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ibrahim ◽  
Wael Ali ◽  
Hassan Aboushady
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Sensing Applications

A spectrum-sensing algorithm is used to detect the available and the occupied frequency bands. The wideband antenna design approach is used for a microstrip fed monopole antenna that can be used for various wireless technologies such as GSM, UMTS, LTE, and WiFi operating at different frequencies from 1.25 to 3 GHz. The antenna is constructed from two copper layers of rectangular radiator and a partial ground plane. These layers are printed on an RO4003 substrate with dimensions 60 x 80 mm2. The antenna is experimentally fabricated to verify the simulation predictions and good matching between simulated and measured results is achieved. The wide-band antenna is tested by connecting it to the receiver of the Blade-RF Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform. A matlab script is then used to control the SDR board and to perform Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Applications.

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