New Developments in High Temperature Materials 21 Project in Japan

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Harada ◽  
Junzo Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
High Temperature Materials ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Temperature Capability

Following the Kyoto Conference on Climate Change (COP3) held in 1997, the improvement of thermal efficiency in power engineering systems is becoming a major issue. In High Temperature Materials 21 Project at NIMS, materials for turbine blades and vanes are being developed to improve the temperature capability and reduce the CO2 emission of industrial gas turbines (IGT) and jet engines. The target for Ni-base superalloys was set at 1100°C for 1000h creep rupture life under 137MPa to realize ultra-efficient combined cycle power plants and advanced jet engines. A high cost-performance single crystal (SC) superalloy TMS-82+ with 1075°C temperature capability has been developed and tested in a 15MW IGT. A 4th generation SC superalloy TMS-138 exhibiting 1080°C temperature capability has also been developed and tested in a 1650°C test jet engine. TMS-138 is to be applied in the Japanese eco-engine project for 50-seater jet airplanes. A further control of the interfacial dislocation network resulted in a 5th generation SC alloy TMS-162 with 1105°C temperature capability. A virtual gas turbine (VT), which is a combination of materials design program and system design program, is being developed and becoming a powerful tool as an interface between material scientists and system engineers. Using VT, air-cooled blades with our SC superalloys have been evaluated up to 1700°C gas temperature, and a substantial improvement in thermal efficiency of a combined-cycle power generation system has been indicated.

scholarly journals Transpiration Air Protected Turbine Blades: An Effective Concept to Achieve High Temperature and Erosion Resistance for Gas Turbines Operating in an Aggressive Environment

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Raj ◽  
S. L. Moskowitz
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Cooled Blade

The future generation is looking forward to the use of gas turbine inlet temperatures as high as 3000 F (1650 C) with attendant thermal efficiencies of from 40 to 50 percent in combined cycle electric power plants. In addition to the use of high temperature for improved efficiency, the national needs, due to scarcity of oil and natural gas, will heavily stress the use of coal as a fuel. The particulate from combustion of coal derived liquid and gaseous fuels, even after employing hot gas cleanup systems, may damage conventional turbine blades and thus reduce turbine life. This paper is intended to show how a transpiration-cooled blade can cope with both of the foregoing problems simultaneously. The fundamental aspects of the transpiration-cooled blade technology will also be explained. Experimental results using this design concept indicate that significant erosion resistance is feasible for gas turbine blading in the near future.

The Effect of Alternative Turbine Cooling Schemes on the Performance of Utility Gas Turbine Powerplants

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Cohn ◽  
Mark Waters
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Systems Studies

It is important that the requirements and cycle penalties related to the cooling of high temperature turbines be thoroughly understood and accurately factored into cycle analyses and power plant systems studies. Various methods used for the cooling of high temperature gas turbines are considered and cooling effectiveness curves established for each. These methods include convection, film and transpiration cooling using compressor bleed and/or discharge air. In addition, the effects of chilling the compressor discharge cooling gas are considered. Performance is developed to demonstrate the impact of the turbine cooling schemes on the heat rate and specific power of Combined–Cycle power plants.

Application of “H Gas Turbine” Design Technology to Increase Thermal Efficiency and Output Capability of the Mitsubishi M701G2 Gas Turbine

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Fukuizumi ◽  
J. Masada ◽  
V. Kallianpur ◽  
Y. Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Design Development

Mitsubishi completed design development and verification load testing of a steam-cooled M501H gas turbine at a combined cycle power plant at Takasago, Japan in 2001. Several advanced technologies were specifically developed in addition to the steam-cooled components consisting of the combustor, turbine blades, vanes, and the rotor. Some of the other key technologies consisted of an advanced compressor with a pressure ratio of 25:1, active clearance control, and advanced seal technology. Prior to the M501H, Mitsubishi introduced cooling-steam in “G series” gas turbines in 1997 to cool combustor liners. Recently, some of the advanced design technologies from the M501H gas turbine were applied to the G series gas turbine resulting in significant improvement in output and thermal efficiency. A noteworthy aspect of the technology transfer is that the upgraded G series M701G2 gas turbine has an almost equivalent output and thermal efficiency as H class gas turbines while continuing to rely on conventional air cooling of turbine blades and vanes, and time-proven materials from industrial gas turbine experience. In this paper we describe the key design features of the M701G2 gas turbine that make this possible such as the advanced 21:1 compressor with 14 stages, an advanced premix DLN combustor, etc., as well as shop load test results that were completed in 2002 at Mitsubishi’s in-house facility.

Development and Implementation of Repair Processes for Refurbishment of W501F, Row 1 Turbine Blades

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Curtis ◽  
Warren Miglietti ◽  
Michael Pelle
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Basis ◽  
Repair Procedure ◽  
Crack Repair ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

In recent years, orders for new land-based gas turbines have skyrocketed, as the planning, construction and commissioning of new power plants based on combined-cycle technology advances at an unprecedented pace. It is estimated that 65–70% of these new equipment orders is for high-efficiency, advanced “F”, “G” or “H” class machines. The W501F/FC/FD gas turbine, an “F” class machine currently rated at 186.5 MW (simple cycle basis), has entered service in significant numbers. It is therefore of prime interest to owners/operators of this gas turbine to have sound component refurbishment capabilities available to support maintenance requirements. Processes to refurbish the Row 1 turbine blade, arguably the highest “frequency of replacement” component in the combustion and hot sections of the turbine, were recently developed. Procedures developed include removal of brazed tip plates, coating removal, rejuvenation heat treatment, full tip replacement utilizing electron beam (EB) and automated micro-plasma transferred arc (PTA), joining methods, proprietary platform crack repair and re-coating. This paper describes repair procedure development and implementation for each stage of the process, and documents the metallurgical and mechanical characteristics of the repaired regions of the component.

scholarly journals Effects of Damaged Rotor Blades on the Aerodynamic Behavior and Heat-Transfer Characteristics of High-Pressure Gas Turbines

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Thanh Dam Mai ◽  
Jaiyoung Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Rotor Blade ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle

Gas turbines are critical components of combined-cycle power plants because they influence the power output and overall efficiency. However, gas-turbine blades are susceptible to damage when operated under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions. This reduces gas-turbine performance and increases the probability of power-plant failure. This study compares the effects of rotor-blade damage at different locations on their aerodynamic behavior and heat-transfer properties. To this end, we considered five cases: a reference case involving a normal rotor blade and one case each of damage occurring on the pressure and suction sides of the blades’ near-tip and midspan sections. We used the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation coupled with the k − ω SST γ turbulence model to solve the problem of high-speed, high-pressure compressible flow through the GE-E3 gas-turbine model. The results reveal that the rotor-blade damage increases the heat-transfer coefficients of the blade and vane surfaces by approximately 1% and 0.5%, respectively. This, in turn, increases their thermal stresses, especially near the rotor-blade tip and around damaged locations. The four damaged-blade cases reveal an increase in the aerodynamic force acting on the blade/vane surfaces. This increases the mechanical stress on and reduces the fatigue life of the blade/vane components.

Electrical Power Generation: Fossil Fuels

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Steam Temperature

Nearly all electrical power is generated by rotating a coil in a magnetic field. In most cases, the coil is turned by a steam turbine operating according to the Rankine cycle. Water is boiled and heated to make high-pressure steam, which drives the turbine. The thermal efficiency is about 30–35%, and is limited by the highest steam temperature tolerated by the turbine blades. Alternatively, a gas turbine operating according to the Brayton cycle can be used. Much higher turbine inlet temperatures are possible, and the thermal efficiency is higher, typically 40%. Combined cycle generation, in which the hot exhaust from a gas turbine drives a Rankine cycle, can achieve thermal efficiencies of almost 60%. Substitution of coal-fired by combined cycle natural gas power plants can result in significant reductions in CO2 emissions.

Repairing of Degraded Hot Section Parts of Gas Turbines by Cold Spraying

2009 ◽  
Vol 417-418 ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Ogawa ◽  
Takahiro Niki
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cold Spraying ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
No Oxidation ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades

Hot section parts of combined cycle gas turbines are susceptible to degradation due to high temperature creep, crack formation by thermal stress, and high temperature oxidation, etc. Thus, regularly repairing or replacing the hot section parts such as gas turbine blades is inevitable. For this purpose, revolutionary and advanced repair technologies for gas turbines have been developed to enhance reliability of the repaired parts and reduce the maintenance cost of the gas turbines. The cold spraying process, which has been studied as not only a new coating technology but also as a process for obtaining a thick deposition layer, is proposed as a potential repairing solution. The process results in little or no oxidation of the spray materials, so the surfaces stay clean, which in turn enables superior bonding. Since the operating temperature is relatively low, the particles do not melt and the shrinkage on cooling is very low. In this study, the cold spraying conditions were optimized by taking into account the particle kinetic energy and the rebound energy for application in repairing gas turbine blades. A high quality cold-sprayed layer is that which has lowest porosity; thus the spraying parameters were optimized to achieve low-porosity layer, which was verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Genetic Optimization of Steam Injected Gas Turbine Power Plants

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sinan Akmandor ◽  
O¨zhan O¨ksu¨z ◽  
Sec¸kin Go¨kaltun ◽  
Melih Han Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Compressor Pressure Ratio

A new methodology is developed to find the optimal steam injection levels in simple and combined cycle gas turbine power plants. When steam injection process is being applied to simple cycle gas turbines, it is shown to offer many benefits, including increased power output and efficiency as well as reduced exhaust emissions. For combined cycle power plants, steam injection in the gas turbine, significantly decreases the amount of flow and energy through the steam turbine and the overall power output of the combined cycle is decreased. This study focuses on finding the maximum power output and efficiency of steam injected simple and combined cycle gas turbines. For that purpose, the thermodynamic cycle analysis and a genetic algorithm are linked within an automated design loop. The multi-parameter objective function is either based on the power output or on the overall thermal efficiency. NOx levels have also been taken into account in a third objective function denoted as steam injection effectiveness. The calculations are done for a wide range of parameters such as compressor pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, air and steam mass flow rates. Firstly, 6 widely used simple and combined cycle power plants performance are used as test cases for thermodynamic cycle validation. Secondly, gas turbine main parameters are modified to yield the maximum generator power and thermal efficiency. Finally, the effects of uniform crossover, creep mutation, different random number seeds, population size and the number of children per pair of parents on the performance of the genetic algorithm are studied. Parametric analyses show that application of high turbine inlet temperature, high air mass flow rate and no steam injection lead to high power and high combined cycle thermal efficiency. On the contrary, when NOx reduction is desired, steam injection is necessary. For simple cycle, almost full amount of steam injection is required to increase power and efficiency as well as to reduce NOx. Moreover, it is found that the compressor pressure ratio for high power output is significantly lower than the compressor pressure ratio that drives the high thermal efficiency.

Advanced Particle Control for Coal-Based Power Generation Systems

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Bossart
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is actively sponsoring research to develop coal-based power generation systems that use coal more efficiently and economically and with lower emissions than conventional pulverized-coal power plants. Some of the more promising of the advanced coal-based power generation systems are shown in Figure 1: pressurized fluidized-bed combustion combined-cycle (PFBC), integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC), and direct coal-fueled turbine (DCFT). These systems rely on gas turbines to produce all or a portion of the electrical power generation. An essential feature of each of these systems is the control of particles at high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) conditions. Particle control is needed in all advanced power generation systems to meet environmental regulations and to protect the gas turbine and other major system components. Particles can play a significant role in damaging the gas turbine by erosion, deposition, and corrosion. Erosion is caused by the high-speed impaction of particles on the turbine blades. Particle deposition on the turbine blades can impede gas flow and block cooling air. Particle deposition also contributes to corrosive attack when alkali metal compounds adsorbed on the particles react with the gas turbine blades. Incorporation of HTHP particle control technologies into the advanced power generation systems can reduce gas turbine maintenance requirements, increase plant efficiency, reduce plant capital cost, lower the cost of electricity, reduce wastewater treatment requirements, and eliminate the need for post-turbine particle control to meet New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for particle emissions.

Design and Operational Aspects of Gas and Steam Turbines for the Novel Solar Hybrid Combined Cycle SHCC®

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Heide ◽  
Uwe Gampe ◽  
Ulrich Orth ◽  
Markus Beukenberg ◽  
Bernd Gericke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Solar Heat

Solar hybrid power plants are characterized by a combination of heat input both of high temperature solar heat and heat from combustion of gaseous or liquid fuel which enables to supply the electricity market according to its requirements and to utilize the limited and high grade natural resources economically. The SHCC® power plant concept integrates the high temperature solar heat into the gas turbine process and in addition — depending on the scheme of the process cycle — downstream into the steam cycle. The feed-in of solar heat into the gas turbine is carried out between compressor outlet and combustor inlet either by direct solar thermal heating of the pressurized air inside the receivers of the solar tower or by indirectly heating via interconnection of a heat transfer fluid. Thus, high shares of solar heat input referring to the total heat input of more than 60% in design point can be achieved. Besides low consumption of fossil fuels and high efficiency, the SHCC® concept is aimed for a permanent availability of the power plant capacity due to the possible substitution of solar heat by combustion heat during periods without sufficient solar irradiation. In consequence, no additional standby capacity is necessary. SHCC® can be conducted with today’s power plant and solar technology. One of the possible variants has already been demonstrated in the test field PSA in Spain using a small capacity gas turbine with location in the head of the solar tower for direct heating of the combustion air. However, the authors present and analyze also alternative concepts for power plants of higher capacity. Of course, the gas turbine needs a design which enables the external heating of the combustion air. Today only a few types of gas turbines are available for SHCC® demonstration. But these gas turbines were not designed for solar hybrid application at all. Thus, the autors present finally some reflections on gas turbine parameters and their consequences for SHCC® as basis for evaluation of potentials of SHCC®.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document