A Remediation of Flaws in Stainless Steel Cladding on Hydroprocessing Reactors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayasu Tahara ◽  
Akitada Yasutomi ◽  
Kentaro Sakata ◽  
Mikihiro Sakata
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Degradation ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Flaw Sizing ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Past Half

Hydroprocessing reactors are made of heavy wall Cr-Mo steels with stainless steel cladding and installed in the most of oil refineries in the world during past half century. After long time operation, they found several material degradation and/or damages due to high pressure and high temperature hydrogen services. This paper presents typical remediation method of flaws in stainless steel cladding of reactors including flaw sizing, FFS assessment and repair procedures.

Measurement of Levels of Living in the People's Republic of the Congo since 1950

1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Margaret Sanders
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Level Of Living ◽  
Past Half

It is obvious that the path taken by Europe and North America is not to be a universal one. If the rest of the world can never live as we have lived in the past half-century and cannot have our material level of living, what goals and direction of change can be found that will offer an acceptable future? The People's Republic of the Congo offers an interesting backgound from which to address this process of reformulation.

Research and Development in Electronic Capital Goods

1965 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 40-91 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Capital Goods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Skilled Manpower ◽  
The World ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Constant Prices

The world electronics industry has been one of the fastest growing in the past half century, with a compound rate of growth of over 10 per cent per annum at constant prices since 1935.[1] Within the total, the output of ‘electronic consumer goods’ is no longer rising particularly fast in most advanced countries ; but the output of ‘electronic capital goods’ has been increasing at over 15 per cent a year (in current prices) over the past six yeats, and will probably continue to rise rapidly according to most forward estimates.121 This article is mainly concerned with capital goods ; but for some purposes it is necessary to consider the industry as a whole. Many firms produce both consumer and capital goods, because they use similar components and techniques and draw on a common fund of skilled manpower and research knowledge.

scholarly journals Prologue: Tropical Meteorology 1960–2010—Personal Recollections

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. vii-xv ◽  
Author(s):  
Taroh Matsuno
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Tropical Meteorology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Reminiscence ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The University ◽  
Past Half

This volume consists of some papers presented at the AMS Symposium held to honor the memory of the late Professor Michio Yanai as well as additional works inspired by his research. By the nature of this volume, many of the contributed papers describe the development of tropical meteorology over the past half-century or so in connection with Professor Yanai’s influence on it. While most of the chapters address specific areas and discuss timely issues, in this prologue I will describe some of Professor Yanai’s contributions during the early period of his career from my own point of view. As this is a personal reminiscence, I would like to emphasize how Professor Yanai influenced me. Both Professor Yanai and I became graduate students at the University of Tokyo to begin our career as meteorologists in 1956 and 1957, respectively. Since we studied and worked together so closely for a long time, in this article I will call him Yanai-san as I have done in our personal interactions.

scholarly journals Forest Economies: A Remedy to Amazonian Deforestation?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Juan José Del Valle Coello
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Past Half

Commonly described as the “lungs of the planet,” the Amazon rainforest represents over half of the remaining rainforest in the world, constituting an important global carbon sink and one of the most culturally- and biologically-diverse regions of the world. The past half-century has seen a worrisome amount of deforestation in this rainforest, but different regions within the Amazon, however, compare differently in terms of deforestation trajectories. What has been the role of products obtained from managing forests, such as the now globally-consumed açaí palm fruit, in reverting deforestation trends? My hypothesis is that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between such forest products and extent of deforestation. This study examines, within the historical and social context of the Amazon Delta and Estuary, the relationship between açaí agroforestry and deforestation. The focus units are the municípios (roughly equivalent to counties) that constitute the Amazon Delta and Estuary, all located in the northern Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará. Statistical data for deforestation obtained from PRODES, a Brazilian governmental project, which monitors deforestation via satellite, is used to ascertain deforestation in the region. This dataset is then correlated with census-based production data for each município for the period from 2002 to 2012. Mapping these variables onto municípios does visually demonstrate a contrast between areas of high deforestation and high açaí production; however, the relationship is not statistically significant. 

scholarly journals Study on the Mechanism of a Carrier-based Engine Parts' Performance Decline and Its Impact on the Whole Engine Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Wu Heng ◽  
Li Benwei ◽  
Zhao Shufan ◽  
Wang Yonghua
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
Influence Area ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Performance Decline ◽  
Turbulence Effect ◽  
The Impact

The technical approach "use – parts' change - engine performance change" has been adopted to study and analyse the gas unit parts' performance changes of an engine after a long time operation. The mechanism of performance decline of the turbine is analysed based on the numerical simulation, the impact of components' performance decline on overall engine performance is studied and the correlation analysis is carried out. The results show that the change of turbine tip clearance, roughness increase and surface change will lead to the enhancement of secondary flow and the increase of influence area, and the turbulence effect is strengthened, resulting in the decrease of turbine circulation capacity and efficiency. The booster ratio of high pressure compressor, the flow capacity of high pressure and low pressure turbines, the flow capacity and efficiency of fan are the major component parameters causing the overall engine performance's degradation. And it also provides theoretical basis for the prevention of engine performance's degradation and online washing of parts and the whole machine.

Agricultural water management in the world during past half century

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Valipour ◽  
Mirkhalegh Ziatabar Ahmadi ◽  
Mahmoud Raeini-Sarjaz ◽  
Mohammad Ali Gholami Sefidkouhi ◽  
Ali Shahnazari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Management ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Past Half

U.S. Strategic Debates over the Defense of Japan: Lessons for the Twenty-first Century

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Futoshi Shibayama
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
First Century ◽  
Military Power ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Past Half

AbstractWhat is the current meaning of Japan's military power and what contribution has that power made to America's strategic position in East Asia, even the world, over the past fifty-five years? Could there have been an alternative to Japanese rearmament? Answers to these and other related questions lie in the American debates on the nature of Japan's defense situation in the immediate aftermath of World War II. Regional and global strategic circumstances have obviously changed over the past half-century, just as have weapons systems themselves. Strategic controversies from 1945, however, endure as the fundamental framework for considering Japanese military power and its possible alternatives.

From Judge Lynch to Jim Crow

Rough Country ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wuthnow
Keyword(s):  
Race Relations ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Dual Consciousness ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Centennial Exposition

This chapter analyzes the changing face of race relations in Texas. It asks: How was it possible for Texans—and indeed for much of the country—to imagine that race relations had become so accommodating for all concerned in 1936? Was it the result of a kind of dual consciousness in which people knew deep down that the situation left much to be desired but on the surface wanted to put on a good appearance for anyone who might be watching—and they hoped the world was watching and thinking well of Texas? Or was it that the Texas Centennial Exposition celebrated significant changes that had taken place over the past century and even over the past half century—changes that nearly everyone regarded as about the best anyone could hope for, but which also reflected the fact that race relations still had a long way to go?

The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Studies

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jewish Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The World ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Past Half

The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Studies covers all the main areas currently taught and researched as part of Jewish studies in universities throughout the world, especially in Europe, the United States, and Israel. The span of the volume chronologically and geographically is thus enormous, but all international contributors have in common their expertise in the study of the history, literature, religion, and culture of the Jews. Jewish studies is a comparatively young discipline which has grown over the past fifty years in a somewhat undisciplined way. In a period of great upheaval for Jews following the Holocaust, the creation of the State of Israel, the emergence of new forms of dialogue between Jews and Christians, deepening divisions between secular and religious Jews, and unprecedented assimilation by diaspora Jews to the wider culture, the study of Jewish traditions and history has rarely been dispassionate. There have been some attempts in recent years to encapsulate current conclusions about particular aspects of Jewish studies, but these other works aim to provide compendia of agreed facts rather than a survey of interests and directions such as is found in this text. The book begins with an examination of Jewish studies as an academic discipline in its own right. The first half of the volume is organized chronologically, followed by sections on languages and literature, general aspects of religion, and other branches of Jewish studies which have each accumulated a considerable corpus of scholarship over the past half-century.

scholarly journals Religion in the Age of Development

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Feener ◽  
Philip Fountain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Past Half

Religion has been profoundly reconfigured in the age of development. Over the past half century, we can trace broad transformations in the understandings and experiences of religion across traditions in communities in many parts of the world. In this paper, we delineate some of the specific ways in which ‘religion’ and ‘development’ interact and mutually inform each other with reference to case studies from Buddhist Thailand and Muslim Indonesia. These non-Christian cases from traditions outside contexts of major western nations provide windows on a complex, global history that considerably complicates what have come to be established narratives privileging the agency of major institutional players in the United States and the United Kingdom. In this way we seek to move discussions toward more conceptual and comparative reflections that can facilitate better understandings of the implications of contemporary entanglements of religion and development.

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