Optimum Design of Pressure Vessels Using Hybrid HGP and Genetic Algorithm

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Sayed M. Metwalli
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Stress Constraints ◽  
Cylindrical Part ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Design Charts ◽  
Optimum Geometry ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

This paper presents research work about the design and optimization of pressure vessels using Hybrid Heuristic Gradient Projection (HGP), Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) and Genetic Algorithms (GA). The design is concerned with the pressure loading conditions, intended internal utility volume, geometrical dimensions and the induced stresses. Cylindrical pressure vessels with hemispherical ends are considered. They are required to hold a definite volume under a specific pressure. The thicknesses of each hemispherical part and the cylindrical part satisfy the recommended ASME code. The design also satisfies allowable stress constraints. The design multi-objectives are to generate the optimum geometry to satisfy required specifications, performance and cost requirements. A developed HGP, SQP and GA algorithms are utilized to perform the optimization. The efficiency of the procedure is indicated and the optimum results in the form of optimum design charts are presented.

Optimum Design of Multi-Layered Vessels

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Jahed ◽  
Behrooz Farshi ◽  
Morvarid Karimi
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Stress Constraints ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Shrink Fit

Multi-layered pressure vessels are widely used in the field of high pressure technology. To enhance their load bearing capacity and life, different beneficial processes such as shrink-fit and autofrettage are usually employed. Shrink-fit process, increases load capacity but maximum interference is generally limited. Autofrettage, makes steep stress gradients moving away from bore but Bauschinger effect limits maximum feasible compression level. A combination of both, can conceivably give better stress distribution in layered vessels. The optimum design of a three-layer vessel for maximum life expectancy has been considered here, under the combined effects of autofrettage and shrink-fit. The numerical optimization procedure known as the Simplex search method is employed to get the optimum design. The layer thicknesses, shrink-fit pressures, and autofrettage percentages are treated as design variables. Under stress constraints, the operational sequences of the above processes, for assembly of the layered vessel have also been formulated so as to lead to best results. The fatigue life consideration is based on ASME code and standard for high pressure vessel technology defining the allowable final crack depth in multi-layered vessels. The proposed procedure is carried out on a number of examples. The results show that significant life enhancement can be achieved using the optimization procedure with proper combination of operations.

Computer-Designed Vacuum Vessels

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
C. A. Restivo
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Universal Function ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Present Form ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Specific Formula ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Partial Vacuum

Today a wide variety of chemical and petrochemical processes require equipment that operates under partial vacuum. The ASME Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels, Section VIII, sets forth a method for designing these vessels by trial and error, leaving any consideration for economics up to the designer, who quite often neglects this because he is pressed for time. For this reason it became apparent that a computerized design was the only solution since the computer can perform this time-consuming, tedious, and repetitive calculation quickly and systematically. The computer cannot make use of the vacuum charts in their present form; thus the IBM program “STUFF,” Sixteen Twenty Universal Function Filter, was used to obtain formulas that replace the charts. With this program an optimum design is obtained each time, thus realizing a savings for each vessel processed through it, both in material and time. The following paper describes some of the problems encountered in trying to program the charts and how they were solved. A specific formula is set up showing the method used, and a hand-calculated problem is compared with the same problem processed through the program.

An Analysis of Filament Overwound Toroidal Pressure Vessels and Optimum Design of Such Structures

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuguang Li ◽  
John Cook
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Equivalent Stress ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Stress Rupture ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Von Mises Equivalent Stress ◽  
Metal Liner ◽  
Von Mises

This paper is concerned with the membrane shell analysis of filament overwound toroidal pressure vessels and optimum design of such pressure vessels using the results of the analysis by means of mathematical nonlinear programming. The nature of the coupling between overwind and linear has been considered based on two extreme idealizations. In the first, the overwind is rigidly coupled with the liner, so that the two deform together in the meridional direction as the vessel dilates. In the second, the overwind is free to slide relative to the linear, but the overall elongations of the two around a meridian are identical. Optimized designs with the two idealizations show only minor differences, and it is concluded that either approximation is satisfactory for the purposes of vessel design. Aspects taken into account are the intrinsic overwind thickness variation arising from the winding process and the effects of fiber pre-tension. Pre-tension can be used not only to defer the onset of yielding, but also to achieve a favorable in-plane stress ratio which minimizes the von Mises equivalent stress in the metal liner. Aramid fibers are the most appropriate fibers to be used for the overwind in this type of application. The quantity of fiber required is determined by both its short-term strength and its long-term stress rupture characteristics. An optimization procedure for the design of such vessels, taking all these factors into account, has been established. The stress distributions in the vessels designed in this way have been examined and discussed through the examples. A design which gives due consideration of possible mechanical damage to the surface of the overwind has also been addressed.

Manufacture, Modeling, and Testing of Wire-Reinforced Metallic Pressure Vessel Prototypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Celaya-García ◽  
Miguel Gutierrez-Rivera ◽  
Elías Ledesma-Orozco ◽  
Salvador M. Aceves
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Modeling ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Test System ◽  
Cylindrical Part ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Element Modeling ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

Abstract This article describes the manufacture, testing, and finite element modeling of prototype pressure vessels made of steel and reinforced with high-strength steel wire in the cylindrical part. Vessel prototypes were manufactured with pipe fittings and either no wire reinforcement, one layer of wire reinforcement, or two layers of wire reinforcement, with the purpose of developing an improved understanding of the effect of the wire reinforcement, and the number of reinforcement layers on prototype pressure strength. Pressure tests were conducted for instrumented vessels to determine strength up to 70 bar with a test system equipped with pressure and velocity regulators to guarantee the stability of the supplied flow and improve measurement accuracy and repeatability. Finite element modeling is conducted with the commercial code ANSYS and equivalent orthotropic properties obtained with the unit cell method, assuming a high value for the volume fraction of steel wire, and a matrix with low elastic properties compared with those of the steel wire. The results show that there is an interaction between the cylindrical part and the reinforcing wire, and that this relation is affected by external factors resulting from manufacturing process and material properties. Strain reduction in prototypes with thicker reinforcement is an indicator of the improvement on pressure resistance.

Design Formulas of Blind End Closures for High Pressure Vessels

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Dixon ◽  
E. H. Perez
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Section Viii

The available design formulas for flat heads and blind end closures in the ASME Code, Section VIII, Divisions 1 and 2 are based on bending theory and do not apply to the design of thick flat heads used in the design of high pressure vessels. This paper presents new design formulas for thickness requirements and determination of peak stresses and stress distributions for fatigue and fracture mechanics analyses in thick blind ends. The use of these proposed design formulas provide a more accurate determination of the required thickness and fatigue life of blind ends. The proposed design formulas are given in terms of the yield strength of the material and address the fatigue strength at the location of the maximum stress concentration factor. Introduction of these new formulas in a nonmandatory appendix of Section VIII, Division 3 is recommended after committee approval.

Stresses in compact end closures for cylindrical pressure vessels

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
R W T Preater
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Rigid Body ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Rigid Body Motion ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Annular Ring

Three different assumptions are made for the behaviour of the junction between the cylindrical shell and the end closure. Comparisons of analytical and experimental results show that the inclusion of a ‘rigid’ annular ring beam at the junction of the cylider and the closure best represents the shell behaviour for a ratio of cylinder mean radius to thickness of 3–7, and enables a prediction of an optimum vessel configuration to be made. Experimental verification of this optimum design confirms the predictions. (The special use of the term ‘rigid’ is taken in this context to refer to a ring beam for which deformations of the cross-section are ignored but rigid body motion is permitted.)

Limit Loads of Bolted Flange Connections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Kirkemo ◽  
Przemyslaw Lutkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Limit Loads ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Structural Capacity ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Bolted Flange

Abstract High-pressure applications such as process piping, pressure vessels, risers, pipelines, and subsea production systems use bolted flange connections. Design of flanged joints may be done by design by rules and design by analysis. This paper presents a design by rules method applicable for flanges designed for face-to-face make-up. Limit loads are used to calculate the structural capacity (resistance) of the flanges, bolts, and metallic seal rings. Designers can use the calculation method to size bolted flange connections and calculate the structural capacity of existing bolted flange connections. Finite element analyses have been performed to verify the analytically based calculation method. The intention is to prepare for an ASME code case based on the calculation method presented in this paper.

A Comprehensive Study on Burst Pressure Performance of Aluminum Liner for Hydrogen Storage Vessels

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Kangal ◽  
A. Harun Sayı ◽  
Ozan Ayakdaş ◽  
Osman Kartav ◽  
Levent Aydın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Cylindrical Part ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Stress Criterion ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract This paper presents a comparative study on the burst pressure performance of aluminum (Al) liner for type-III composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). In the analysis, the vessels were loaded with increasing internal pressure up to the burst pressure level. In the analytical part of the study, the burst pressure of the cylindrical part was predicted based on the modified von Mises, Tresca, and average shear stress criterion (ASSC). In the numerical analysis, a finite element (FE) model was established in order to predict the behavior of the vessel as a function of increasing internal pressure and determine the final burst. The Al pressure vessels made of Al-6061-T6 alloy with a capacity of 5 L were designed. The manufacturing of the metallic vessels was purchased from a metal forming company. The experimental study was conducted by pressurizing the Al vessels until the burst failure occurred. The radial and axial strain behaviors were monitored at various locations on the vessels during loading. The results obtained through analytical, numerical, and experimental work were compared. The average experimental burst pressure of the vessels was found to be 279 bar. The experimental strain data were compared with the results of the FE analysis. The results indicated that the FE analysis and ASSC-based elastoplastic analytical approaches yielded the best predictions which are within 2.2% of the experimental burst failure values. It was also found that the elastic analysis underestimated the burst failure results; however, it was effective for determining the critical regions over the vessel structure. The strain behavior of the vessels obtained through experimental investigations was well correlated with those predicted through FE analysis.

Hybrid General Heuristic Gradient Projection for Frame Optimization of Micro and Macro Applications

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohmmad M. A. Hanafy ◽  
Sayed M. Metwalli
Keyword(s):  
Projection Method ◽  
Stress Constraints ◽  
Gradient Projection ◽  
Gradient Projection Method ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Frame Design ◽  
Mems Resonator ◽  
Heuristic Technique

In this paper, a generalization is suggested for the Heuristic Gradient Projection method. The previous Heuristic Gradient Projection method (HGP) has been developed for 3D-frame design and optimization. It mainly employed bending stress relations in order to simplify the process of iterations for stress constrained optimization. The General Heuristic Gradient Projection (GHGP) is used in a more general form to satisfy the stress constraints. Another direct search method is hybridized to satisfy other constraints on deflection. Two examples are solved using the new method. The proposed method is compared with the Hybrid Fuzzy Heuristic technique (FHGP) when solving a MEMS resonator. Results showed that the proposed hybrid technique with (GHGP) converges to the optimum solutions faster by an 8%. The MEMS weight is also decreased by 23.7%. For a macro level, the GHGP improved the solution time by 33.3%. The hybrid technique with (GHGP) improved the stresses in the members of the optimum ten-member cantilever.

Analysis of Half-Pipe Heating Channels on Pressure Vessel Shells

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-529
Author(s):  
A. E. Blach
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Asme Code

Half-pipe heating channels are used on the outside of pressure vessels such as agitators, mixers, reactors, etc., to avoid the high external pressure associated with heating jackets. No applicable method of analysis is contained in the ASME Code and proof tests are normally required for registration with governing authorities. An analytical method is presented which permits the evaluation of stresses in shell and half pipe; numerical examples are included.

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