scholarly journals Expanding Plug Wedge Test for Evaluating Hoop Tensile Properties of Fuel Cladding

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Jy-An John Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Hoop Stress ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Fuel Cladding ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Processing Procedure ◽  
Data Processing Procedure

An expanding plug wedge test method was developed to determine hoop tensile properties of irradiated fuel cladding in a hot cell [1]. Ring specimens with the plug-wedge insert were fabricated based Finite Element Analysis (FEA) design. After several design and modification iterations, the protocol was validated for M5 and Zr-4 cladding. Results show that tested ring specimens have uniform radial expansion deformation in the gage section. The test data processing procedure was developed based on the energy approach to generate hoop stress-strain correlation. α factor estimated from FEA was used to remove dissipated friction energy. With the proposed method, optimized specimen design, and data processing procedure, the protocol validates that the measured piston load, plug extension, and ring radial expansion can be effectively and accurately converted into the hoop stress-strain curve for clad tubing structural material characterization. Validation proved that the expanding plug wedge test method is robust and can be easily performed.

scholarly journals A Method to Correct the Thermal Dome Effect of Pyranometers in Selected Historical Solar Irradiance Measurements

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Processing Procedure ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Data Processing Procedure

Abstract In using pyranometers to measure solar irradiance, it is important to know the magnitudes and the consequences of the thermal effect, which is introduced by the glass domes of the instruments. Historically, the thermal dome effect was not monitored on a regular basis. Case studies show that, due to the thermal dome effect, the output of the pyranometers altered from less than 5 W m−2 in the nighttime to over 20 W m−2 around noontime during the Aerosol Recirculation and Rainfall Experiment (ARREX) in 1999 and the Southern African Fire–Atmosphere Research Initiative (SAFARI) in 2000 field campaigns, depending on sky conditions. A calibration and data processing procedure with the thermal dome effect incorporated has been tested to resolve the issue. It is demonstrated that the intrinsic calibration constants of the pyranometers can be obtained if two pyranometers are used side by side, and the thermal dome effect may be inferred whenever a pyranometer and a pyrgeometer are collocated.

scholarly journals RECONSTRUCTION OF INDOOR MODELS USING POINT CLOUDS GENERATED FROM SINGLE-LENS REFLEX CAMERAS AND DEPTH IMAGES

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-4/W5 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
F. Tsai ◽  
T.-S. Wu ◽  
I.-C. Lee ◽  
H. Chang ◽  
A. Y. S. Su
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
Processing Procedure ◽  
Data Processing Procedure

This paper presents a data acquisition system consisting of multiple RGB-D sensors and digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. A systematic data processing procedure for integrating these two kinds of devices to generate three-dimensional point clouds of indoor environments is also developed and described. In the developed system, DSLR cameras are used to bridge the Kinects and provide a more accurate ray intersection condition, which takes advantage of the higher resolution and image quality of the DSLR cameras. Structure from Motion (SFM) reconstruction is used to link and merge multiple Kinect point clouds and dense point clouds (from DSLR color images) to generate initial integrated point clouds. Then, bundle adjustment is used to resolve the exterior orientation (EO) of all images. Those exterior orientations are used as the initial values to combine these point clouds at each frame into the same coordinate system using Helmert (seven-parameter) transformation. Experimental results demonstrate that the design of the data acquisition system and the data processing procedure can generate dense and fully colored point clouds of indoor environments successfully even in featureless areas. The accuracy of the generated point clouds were evaluated by comparing the widths and heights of identified objects as well as coordinates of pre-set independent check points against in situ measurements. Based on the generated point clouds, complete and accurate three-dimensional models of indoor environments can be constructed effectively.

3-D Data Processing to Extract Vehicle Trajectories from Roadside LiDAR Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (45) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Sun ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Jianqing Wu ◽  
Jianying Zheng ◽  
Kurt M. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Trajectories ◽  
Vehicle Data ◽  
Stop Sign ◽  
Processing Procedure ◽  
Data Processing Procedure

High-resolution vehicle data including location, speed, and direction is significant for new transportation systems, such as connected-vehicle applications, micro-level traffic performance evaluation, and adaptive traffic control. This research developed a data processing procedure for detection and tracking of multi-lane multi-vehicle trajectories with a roadside light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor. Different from existing methods for vehicle onboard sensing systems, this procedure was developed specifically to extract high-resolution vehicle trajectories from roadside LiDAR sensors. This procedure includes preprocessing of the raw data, statistical outlier removal, a Least Median of Squares based ground estimation method to accurately remove the ground points, vehicle data clouds clustering, a principle component-based oriented bounding box method to estimate the location of the vehicle, and a geometrically-based tracking algorithm. The developed procedure has been applied to a two-way-stop-sign intersection and an arterial road in Reno, Nevada. The data extraction procedure has been validated by comparing tracking results and speeds logged from a testing vehicle through the on-board diagnostics interface. This data processing procedure could be applied to extract high-resolution trajectories of connected and unconnected vehicles for connected-vehicle applications, and the data will be valuable to practices in traffic safety, traffic mobility, and fuel efficiency estimation.

The Effect of Nitrogen and Inoculation on the Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Cast Iron with Lamellar Graphite

2010 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Wilberfors ◽  
Ingvar L. Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Eutectic Cell ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Lamellar Graphite

The main purpose with this paper is to show the effect of nitrogen and inoculation on the tensile properties and microstructure of cast iron with lamellar graphite. Casting experiments were performed with the main composition: 3.4 % C, 2.0 % Si, 0.7 % Mn, 0.5 % Cu. The nitrogen content was varied between 90-180 ppm and inoculant was added as 0, 0.2 or 0.4 % by weight. The addition of inoculant changed the graphite structure from distribution D/B/A to distribution A, according to ISO 945. The eutectic cell size decreased significantly. The addition of inoculant had no influence on the hardness. The addition of nitrogen shortened the graphite flakes and increased the hardness. The influence on the eutectic cell size was low and there was no significant effect on the graphite distribution. Tensile test samples were analysed by true stress – true plastic strain in terms of the flow relationships proposed by Hollomon, , and Ludwigson, . The stress-strain curves were fitted to polynomial functions of the 6:th to 8:th order before evaluating the constants in order to eliminate noise from the measurements. This approach also enabled the slope of the stress-strain curve to be evaluated at zero stress (Young’s modulus), resulting in plastic strain from stress levels close to zero. The Hollomon flow relationship failed to describe the deformation behaviour for the whole range of the stress-strain curve. The correction terms in the Ludwigson flow relationship resulted in a better fit. The addition of inoculant mainly affected the strength coefficient, . The addition of nitrogen also affected the constant. The main reason for this was that the addition of inoculant influenced the last part of the stress-strain curve while the addition of nitrogen had an effect over the whole range of the curve. The addition of nitrogen and inoculant increased the tensile strength from 288 MPa to 393 MPa and the total elongation at fracture from 0.8 % to 1.6 %.

Experimental Study on Full Stress-Strain Curve of SFRC in Axial Tension

2012 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Hong Yuan Huo ◽  
Chen Jie Cao ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Li Sha Song ◽  
Tong Xing
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Axial Tension ◽  
Axial Tensile

The tests were carried out to study the effects of the fraction of steel fiber by volume and the thickness of cement paste wrapping steel fibers on the axial tensile properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). The strength grade of SFRC was CF40 with the fraction of steel fiber by volume varying from 0.5% to 2.0%, and the thickness of cement paste wrapping steel fibers varying from 0.8mm to 1.2mm. The tests were conducted by WAW-600 electric-hydraulic servo-type test machine. The results show that the axial tensile properties such as the axial tensile strength, the fullness of stress-strain curve, the tensile energy and the axial tensile toughness ratio are all improved obviously by the adding of steel fiber in concrete. The reasonable thickness of cement paste wrapping steel fibers is 1.0mm. The formulas for stress-strain relationship of SFRC in axial tension are proposed.

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