An Experimental Setup for Determining the Failure Locus of ASME Tubular Pressure Vessel Steel Grades

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Al Khaled ◽  
I. Barsoum
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Plane Strain ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Pressure Vessel Steel ◽  
Ring Specimen ◽  
Lode Parameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Failure Locus

Pressure vessels designed in accordance with the ASME BPVC code are protected against local ductile failure. Recent work has shown that local ductile failure highly depends on the stress state characterized by both stress triaxiality (T) and the Lode parameter (L). In this paper, the effect of stress state on the ductility of a tubular steel is studied. Two ring specimen configurations were optimized to allow the determination of the ductile failure locus of both tensile and plane strain loadings. The geometry of both ring specimen configurations was optimized to achieve a plane strain (L = 0) condition and a generalized tension (L = −1) condition. Notches with different radii were machined on both types to achieve a wide range of stress triaxiality levels. Specimens were manufactured from SA-106 carbon tubular steel and were tested to determine the ductile failure loci as a function of T and L. Failure locus of SA-106 steel was constructed based on the failure instants and was found to be independent of the variation in the Lode parameter. The ASME-BPVC local failure criterion showed close agreement with experimental results.

Ring Specimen Geometry for Determining the Ductility of Tubulars

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Al Khaled ◽  
I. Barsoum
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Plane Strain ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Ring Specimen ◽  
Lode Parameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Failure Locus

Pressure vessels designed in accordance with the ASME BPVC code are protected against local ductile failure. Recent work has shown that local ductile failure highly depends on the stress state characterized by both stress triaxiality (T) and the Lode parameter (L). In this paper, the effect of stress state on the ductility of a tubular steel is studied. Two ring specimen configurations were optimized to allow the determination of the ductile failure locus of both tensile and plane strain loadings. The geometry of both ring specimen configurations was optimized to achieve a plane strain (L = 0) condition and a generalized tension (L = −1) condition. Notches with different radii were machined on both types to achieve a wide range of stress triaxiality. Specimens were manufactured from SA-106 carbon tubular steel and were tested to determine the ductile failure loci as a function of T and L. Failure locus of SA-106 steel was constructed based on the failure instants and was found to be independent of the variation in the Lode parameter. The ASME-BPVC local failure criterion showed close agreement with experimental results.

New Ring Specimen Geometries for Determining the Failure Locus of Tubulars

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Al-Khaled ◽  
I. Barsoum
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Plane Strain ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Ring Specimen ◽  
Lode Parameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Failure Locus

Pressure vessels designed in accordance with the ASME BPVC code are protected against local ductile failure. Recent work has shown that local ductile failure highly depends on the stress state characterized by both stress triaxiality (T) and the Lode parameter (L). In this paper, the effect of stress state on the ductility of a tubular steel is studied. Two ring specimen configurations were optimized to allow the determination of the ductile failure locus at both tensile and plane strain loadings. The geometry of both ring specimen configurations was optimized to achieve a plane strain (L=0) condition and a generalized tension (L=-1) condition. Notches with different radii were machined on both types to achieve a wide range of stress triaxiality. Specimens were manufactured from SA-106 carbon tubular steel and were tested to determine the ductile failure loci as a function of T and L. Failure locus of SA-106 steel was constructed based on the failure instants and was found to be independent of the Lode parameter. The ASME-BPVC local failure criterion showed close agreement with experimental results (EXP).

The Sensitivity to the Lode Parameter in Ductile Failure of Tubular Steel Grades

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Barsoum ◽  
M. A. Al-Khaled
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Lode Parameter ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Failure Locus

Ductile failure in steels is highly controlled by the stress state, characterized by the stress triaxiality (T) and the Lode parameter (L). The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code requires pressure vessels to be designed to resist local ductile failure. However, the standard does not account for the Lode parameter dependence in its failure locus. In this study, the influence of the stress state, characterized T and L, on the ductility of ASME tubular product steel grades is investigated. Two seamless pipes of midstrength carbon steel SA-106 Gr. B and high-strength superduplex steel SA-790 were considered. Ring specimen geometries for plane strain (PS) stress state (L = 0) and tensile stress (TS) state (L = −1) are utilized to establish the ductile failure locus in terms of T and L for the two steels. The experimental results (EXP) show that the effect of the Lode parameter on the failure locus for the SA-106 Gr. B steel is insignificant, whereas for the SA-790 steel, the effect is rather significant. A parameter SL is introduced in order to quantify the sensitivity of the failure locus to the Lode parameter. It is found that for materials with ultimate strength lower than about 550 MPa, the sensitivity to L is insignificant (SL ≈ 1), whereas for materials with ultimate strength higher than 550 MPa, the sensitivity to L could be significant (SL > 1). Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the fracture surfaces revealed that the sensitivity to L is closely associated with the rupture micromechanisms involved.

Failure Strain Criterion Accounting for the Effect of Material Strength

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Baghous ◽  
I. Barsoum
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Failure Criterion ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Local Failure ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Lode Parameter ◽  
Steel Grades

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the Lode parameter on different material strengths. Recent work has shown that ductile failure highly depends on the stress state characterized by both the stress triaxiality T and the Lode parameter L, which is related to the third deviatoric stress invariant. Thus, for six different steel grades, two different specimen geometries were manufactured to account for two different Lode parameters (L = −1 and L = 0), whereas T is controlled by introducing different sized notches at the center of the specimens. By performing tensile experiments and running finite element simulations, the ductile failure loci of the six materials showed variations between the two specimen geometries, indicating that the failure highly depends on the stress state characterized by both T and L. This indicates the need to reassess the ductile local failure criterion in the ASME codes that only accounts for T as a stress state measure. A Lode sensitivity parameter LS is defined based on the experimental results and revealed that the steel grades with ultimate strength higher than a certain threshold value (450 MPa) exhibit sensitivity to the Lode parameter, and the results showed that the LS increases with increase in the ultimate strength of the steel grade. The results were incorporated to enhance the original ASME local failure criterion by accounting for T, L, and LS to accurately assess ductile failure in high-strength steels.

Micromechanics of Rupture in Combined Tension and Shear

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad Barsoum ◽  
Jonas Faleskog
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Spherical Void ◽  
Lode Parameter ◽  
Micromechanics Model ◽  
Plastic Localization ◽  
Square Array ◽  
Void Growth And Coalescence

A micromechanics model based on the theoretical framework of plastic localization into a band introduced by Rice [1] is developed. The model employed consists of a planar band with a square array of equally sized cells, with a spherical void located in the centre of each cell. The micromechanics model is applied to analyze the rupture mechanisms associated with mixed mode ductile fracture. The stress state is characterized by the stress triaxiality T and the Lode parameter μ, which adequately describe the stress state ahead of a crack tip under mixed mode loading of an isotropic elasto-plastic material. The main focus is the influence of μ on void growth and coalescence behavior. It is shown that the Lode parameter exerts a strong influence upon this behavior.

Effect of Material Strength on Ductile Failure of Steel in Pressure Vessel Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Baghous ◽  
I. Barsoum
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Failure Criterion ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Local Failure ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Steel Grades

Abstract Pressure vessels and their components are commonly designed with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes. One of the requirements when pursuing the design by analysis route is to design these equipment against ductile local failure criterion provided in the codes. However, the ductile local failure criterion in the ASME codes only accounts for the stress triaxiality (T) as a stress state measure. Recent work has shown that ductile failure highly depends on the stress state characterized by both T and the Lode parameter L, which is related to the third deviatoric stress invariant. In this study, the effect of stress state characterized by both T and L is investigated for six different steel grades with different material strength levels. To establish the ductile failure loci for the six steel grades with respect to T and L, experiments were conducted on two different specimen geometries. The L parameter is controlled by the specimen configuration, where the round notched bar specimen corresponds to axisymmetric tensile conditions (L = −1) and the flat notched specimen corresponds to plane strain loading conditions (L = 0), whereas T is controlled by introducing a notch at the center of the specimens. A Lode sensitivity parameter (LS) is defined based on the experimental results and revealed that the steel grades with ultimate strength higher than a certain threshold value (450 MPa) exhibit sensitivity to the Lode parameter. The Lode sensitivity was quantified, and the results showed that the LS increases with increase in the ultimate strength of the steel grade. The results were incorporated to enhance the original ASME local failure criterion by accounting for T, L, and LS to accurately assess ductile failure in high-strength steels. The application of the enhanced failure locus in a design analysis of a pressure vessel made of a high-strength steel grade is demonstrated, which showed that the original ASME criterion, as compared to the enhanced criterion in this study, is not capable of predicting ductile failure and hence rendering a rather nonconservative design. It is concluded that the enhanced local failure criterion is recommended to be used for the design of pressure vessels and their components made of steel grades with an ultimate strength higher than the threshold value.

A Continuum Damage and Failure Model Based on Stress-State-Dependent Criteria

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brünig ◽  
Steffen Gerke ◽  
Vanessa Hagenbrock
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Continuum Model ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Continuum

The paper deals with the effect of stress state on inelastic deformation and failure behavior of ductile solids. The continuum model takes into account stress-state-dependence of the damage and failure criteria with different branches corresponding to different micro-mechanical mechanisms depending on the stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter. Basic material parameters are identified using various tests with smooth and differently notched tension and shear specimens. To get more insight in the complex damage and failure mechanisms on the micro-scale additional series of three-dimensional micro-mechanical numerical analyses of void-containing unit cells have been performed. These calculations cover a wide range of stress triaxialities and Lode parameters in tension, shear and compression domains. The numerical results are used to discuss general trends, to develop equations for the damage and failure criteria, and to identify corresponding parameters of the continuum model.

scholarly journals On Phenomenological Failure Loci of Metals under Constant Stress States of Combined Tension and Shear: Issues of Coaxiality and Non-Uniqueness

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Cliff Butcher ◽  
Armin Abedini
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Plane Stress ◽  
Simple Shear ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Failure Surface ◽  
Equivalent Strain ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Failure Locus ◽  
Stress States

The present study investigates how the choice of characterization test and the composition of the stress state in terms of tension and shear can produce a non-unique failure locus in terms of stress triaxiality under plane stress conditions. Stress states that are composed of tensile and simple shear loadings result in a loss of proportionality between the cumulative strain and stress such that the principal frames become non-coaxial despite a constant stress triaxiality. Consequently, it is shown that the conventional interpretation of a failure locus in plane stress is based upon an implicit assumption of proportional coaxial loading. The use of simple shear tests along with traditional in-plane tensile tests for fracture characterization is only one “path” that can be taken in terms of the stress triaxiality, which may produce a bifurcation at uniaxial tension while the tension–torsion path does not. In general, the failure locus in terms of the equivalent strain is a failure surface and must consider the composition of the stress state that produces a given triaxiality. A comprehensive review of phenomenological fracture loci within a modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC) framework is performed to highlight how the choice of stress states obtained using different characterization tests can change the apparent fracture locus of a material. The finite strain solutions for the work conjugate equivalent strain are derived for various loading paths that produce the same stress triaxiality. It is then shown that accounting for non-coaxiality leads to equivalent failure strains that are even higher than previously reported in tension–torsion tests within the literature. The equivalent plastic strains integrated from finite-element simulations are work-conjugate by definition. The equivalent strains estimated from the cumulative principal strains using DIC strain measurement depend upon a coaxial or non-coaxial assumption. Finally, an analytical solution for the onset of diffuse necking that accounts for the stabilizing influence of shear loading against a tensile instability is considered. Even under plane stress conditions, a failure surface arises in terms of the equivalent strain at necking, the stress triaxiality, and the severity of shear loading.

scholarly journals Comparison of Modified Mohr–Coulomb Model and Bai–Wierzbicki Model for Constructing 3D Ductile Fracture Envelope of AA6063

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianye Gao ◽  
Tao He ◽  
Yuanming Huo ◽  
Miao Song ◽  
Tingting Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Fracture Criterion ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Ductile Fracture Criterion ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Round Bar ◽  
Fracture Envelope

AbstractDuctile fracture of metal often occurs in the plastic forming process of parts. The establishment of ductile fracture criterion can effectively guide the selection of process parameters and avoid ductile fracture of parts during machining. The 3D ductile fracture envelope of AA6063-T6 was developed to predict and prevent its fracture. Smooth round bar tension tests were performed to characterize the flow stress, and a series of experiments were conducted to characterize the ductile fracture firstly, such as notched round bar tension tests, compression tests and torsion tests. These tests cover a wide range of stress triaxiality (ST) and Lode parameter (LP) to calibrate the ductile fracture criterion. Plasticity modeling was performed, and the predicted results were compared with corresponding experimental data to verify the plasticity model after these experiments. Then the relationship between ductile fracture strain and ST with LP was constructed using the modified Mohr–Coulomb (MMC) model and Bai-Wierzbicki (BW) model to develop the 3D ductile fracture envelope. Finally, two ductile damage models were proposed based on the 3D fracture envelope of AA6063. Through the comparison of the two models, it was found that BW model had better fitting effect, and the sum of squares of residual error of BW model was 0.9901. The two models had relatively large errors in predicting the fracture strain of SRB tensile test and torsion test, but both of the predicting error of both two models were within the acceptable range of 15%. In the process of finite element simulation, the evolution process of ductile fracture can be well simulated by the two models. However, BW model can predict the location of fracture more accurately than MMC model.

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