Hydrogen Induced Cracking of Welds in Steel Pipelines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rami´rez ◽  
J. L. Gonza´lez
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Weld Material ◽  
Straight Beam ◽  
Hydrogen Induced Cracking ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Radial Cracks ◽  
Cracked Specimens ◽  
Submerged Arc

The phenomenon of Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) by the absorption of hydrogen from a sour fluid in carbon steel plates is well known, however the question if HIC cracks can penetrate weld deposits is still subject of controversy in both laboratory and field studies. In this research, plates containing Submerged Arc Welding, Resistance Seam Welding and Shield Metal Arc welds, were exposed to cathodic charging to induce HIC and to determine if HIC cracks can grow and pass through the weld materials. The HIC progress in the plates was detected and monitored by straight beam ultrasonic inspection in the A-Scan mode. The results showed that HIC can occur in the weld by the same mechanism as in normal plate in the case of SAW welds, while in the other two (RSEW, SMAW) the crack deviates from its original trajectory to form radial cracks when the HIC cracks penetrate into the weld material. The study is completed by metallographic and fractographic observations of the cracked specimens.

FEA of SAW penetration of Ramor 500 steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
Ali Kaya Gur ◽  
Semih Taskaya ◽  
Subramaniam Shankar ◽  
Thangamuthu Mohanraj
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Welding Seam ◽  
Depth Increase ◽  
Thermal Cooling ◽  
Submerged Arc

Abstract Ramor 500 steel plates are used as a ballistic material due to their greater hardness and strength properties. This steel can be produced with a 2-30 mm thickness sheet which may attain 505-590 HV hardness. In the present work, Ramor 500 steel pairs are joined using a submerged arc welding (SAW) process and taking various parameters into consideration. An austenitic additional wire is used for the welding process which contains Cr, Ni, and Mn. The source model prototype was developed using ANSYS software and considering a time-dependent three dimensional thermal model with source cooling. The highest tensile stress voltage value was determined in the sample applying a constant current of 250 A, 25 V and 30 cm × min-1welding speed. It was observed that the welding seam width increases as welding tension grows and that welding height and depth increase and decrease more or less in tandem. A ANSYS thermal cooling analysis revealed that welding tension grows with heat transfer which increases 15 mm from the main center of the welding area.

Mechanical Behaviour of Welded Joints Achieved by Multi-Wire Submerged Arc Welding

2017 ◽  
Vol 1143 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Elena Scutelnicu ◽  
Carmen Catalina Rusu ◽  
Bogdan Georgescu ◽  
Octavian Mircea ◽  
Melat Bormambet
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Wire Saw ◽  
Api 5L X70 Steel ◽  
Submerged Arc

The paper addresses the development of advanced welding technologies with two and three solid wires for joining of HSLA API-5l X70 (High-strength low-alloy) steel plates with thickness of 19.1 mm. The experiments were performed using a multi-wire Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) system that was developed for welding of steels with solid, tubular and cold wires, in different combinations. The main goal of the research was to assess the mechanical performances of the welded joints achieved by multi-wire SAW technology and then to compare them with the single wire variant, as reference system. The welded samples were firstly subjected to NDT control by examinations with liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonic and gamma radiation, with the aim of detecting the specimens with flaws and afterwards to reconsider and redesign the corresponding Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS). The defect-free welded samples were subjected to tensile, Charpy V-notch impact and bending testing in order to analyse and report the mechanical behaviour of API-5l X70 steel during multi-wire SAW process. The experimental results were processed and comparatively discussed. The challenge of the investigation was to find the appropriate welding technology which responds simultaneously to the criteria of quality and productivity. Further research on metallurgical behaviour of the base material will be developed, in order to conclude the complete image of the SAW process effects and to understand how the multi-wire technologies affect the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the API-5L X70 steel used in pipelines fabrication.

Effect of Active and Nonactive Fluxes on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure in Submerged-Arc Welds of A-36 Steel Plates

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ma. Paniagua-Mercado ◽  
Víctor M. López-Hirata ◽  
Arturo F. Méndez-Sánchez ◽  
Maribel L. Saucedo-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Submerged Arc
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