North Carolina Wave Energy Resource: Hydrogen Production Potential

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagee Raut ◽  
Navid Goudarzi
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Density Values ◽  
The Cost

Growing concerns about global warming and depletion of fossil fuel have resulted in exploring alternative energy solutions such as renewable energy resources. Among those, marine and hydrokinetic and in particular wave energy have drawing more interest. Ocean waves are predictable, less variable, and offer higher energy density values. As per National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), North Carolina ranks 6th with total 484 km coastline length. In this work, six-year National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) wave data from five stations along the North Carolina shore including Wilmington Harbor, Mansonboro Inlet, Oregon Inlet, and Duck FRF (17 and 26 m) are collected. The wave parameters such as wave height and period are analyzed and the potential wave power density values are calculated. The power production from the resource is estimated using wave energy converters. Storing excess energy in the form of hydrogen can be used for a variety of applications. Hence, the cost-performance analysis using the cost per unit method is conducted to obtain the maximum and average hydrogen production from the studied site. The results will be useful to a wide range of development activities in both academia and industry.

Mixed Dyes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol >15 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rezaul Karim ◽  
Muhammad Ali Shar ◽  
Syed Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Background: Energy crisis is a vital issue worldwide and it will be increased tremendously in future. Alternative energy sources have been sought for the betterment of the future world. Solar energy is an alternative energy resource with plenty of opportunities. To make user- friendly and cheaper solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells are tried to develop in this aspect. Objective: Single dye is not good enough to capture a wide range of solar light. The blending of different dyes is an alternative approach to harvest a wider range of solar lights on solar cells. Here, N719 and IR dyes were utilized to get UV-VIS and NIR ranges of solar lights in dye-sensitized solar cells. Methods: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated by using mixed dyes with various combinations of N719 (dye A) and IR dyes (dye B). The mixed dyes solutions were adsorbed on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and revealed significant light absorption & photosensitization compared with the individual dye solutions. The DSSCs fabricated with more percentage of IR dyes exhibited the best sensitization and broader spectrum. Results: The light absorption spectrum of the blended dyes solutions was confined peaks resultant of both N719 and IR dyes. The maximum efficiencies of 7.91% and 7.77% were obtained with 70% and 80% of IR dyes, respectively. Conclusion: Both N719 and IR mixed dyes solar cells were fabricated successfully for the first time. The relevant reasons behind the working of N719 and IR mixed dyes solar cells have been discussed. It was also noted that only IR dyes sensitized cells did not function under the simulated sunlight.

Energy Efficient Strategies and Renewable Energy Technologies for Desalination

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Jacangelo ◽  
Joan A. Oppenheimer ◽  
Arun Subramani ◽  
Mohammad Badruzzman
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
The Cost

Energy is often the most significant factor in the affordability and sustainability of treating various different source waters with reverse osmosis membrane facilities. More than 33% of the cost to produce water using reverse osmosis (RO) technology is attributed to electrical demands. The largest energy-consuming component of the overall treatment are the high pressure pumps required to feed water to the process. Because of the high energy burden and production of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, renewable energy is being increasingly considered for desalination projects. The selection of the appropriate renewable energy resource depends on several factors, including plant size, feed water salinity, remoteness, availability of grid electricity, technical infrastructure, and the type and potential of the local renewable energy resource. The cost of desalination with renewable energy resources, as opposed to desalination with conventional energy sources, can be an important alternative to consider when reduced environmental impact and lower gas emissions are required. Considering the proposed climate protection targets that have been set and the strong environmental drivers for lowered energy usage, future water desalination and advanced water treatment systems around the world could be increasingly powered by renewable energy resources. In addition to renewables, energy optimization/minimization is deemed critical to desalting resource management. Methods employed include enhanced system design, high efficiency pumping, energy recovery devices and use of advanced membrane materials.

Using Remote Sensed Data for Wave Energy Resource Assessment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Pontes ◽  
M. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Frequency Wave ◽  
Buoy Data

The conversion of the energy contained in ocean waves into an useful form of energy namely electrical energy requires the knowledge at least of wave height and period parameters. Since 1992 at least one altimeter has been accurately measuring significant wave height Hs. To derive wave period parameters namely zero-crossing period Tz from the altimeter backscatter coefficient various models have been proposed. Another space-borne sensor that measures ocean waves is SAR (or the advanced ASAR) from which directional spectra are obtained. In this paper various models proposed to compute Tz from altimeter data are presented and verified against a collocated set of Jason altimeter and NDBC buoy data. A good fitting of altimeter estimates to buoy data was found. Directional spectra obtained from ENVISAT ASAR measurements were compared against NDBC buoy data. It was concluded that for the buoys that are more sensitive to long low-frequency wave components the fitting of wave parameters and spectral form is good for short spatial distances. However, since the cut-off ASAR frequency is low (reliable information is provided only for long waves) their use for wave energy resource assessment in areas where wind-waves are important is limited.

Assessing the European Wave Energy Resource

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Power Level ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Directional Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mediterranean

The European Wave Energy Atlas (WERATLAS), developed within a R&D European project, includes a wide range of annual and seasonal wave-climate and wave-energy statistics for 85 offshore data points distributed along the Atlantic and Mediterranean European coasts. The data used are results of the numerical wind-wave WAM model, implemented at ECMWF, and buoy data for the North Sea, Norwegian Sea, and Barents Sea. A full verification of WAM results against buoy and satellite altimeter data revealed that the accuracy of the results is very good for the North Atlantic, but the hindcasts quality is lower for the Mediterranean, probably due to poorer accuracy of the input wind fields. The patterns of power level and power directional distribution over the Northeastern Atlantic are presented along with the interannual wave and power variability. The wave power level is much lower in the Mediterranean, where it is not possible to find a general pattern for the power level and its directional distribution.

Resource Scalability at Wave Energy Test Sites

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Marine Energy ◽  
Lake Washington ◽  
Guide Device

Harnessing the power of ocean waves offers enormous potential as a source of renewable energy. To date the technologies for capturing this resource, collectively known as wave energy converters (WECs), have yet to reach commercial viability and continued research and development efforts are required to move wave energy to the industrial scale. Integral to this process is ensuring that technologies progress along a staged development pathway; proving WEC concepts using small scale physical models in controlled settings such as laboratory wave tanks before eventually advancing to testing sub-prototype and full scale devices in real sea conditions. The primary objective of this research is to improve the understanding of how best to address the scaling of wave resource measurements and wave energy device power production when analyzing the results of sea-trials. This paper draws on measured data from three test sites; Galway Bay in Ireland, the Pacific Marine Energy Test Centre off the coast of Oregon, and Lake Washington, and assesses how accurately they recreate, at reduced scale, the conditions that commercial WEC installations are likely to encounter at exposed deployment locations. Appropriate techniques for extrapolating these results to predict the performance of commercial WECs at energy-rich locations on the west coasts of Ireland and the US are also demonstrated and discussed. The output from this research will be a set of protocols for addressing wave energy resource scalability to help guide device developers through this important stage of technology progression. Improved knowledge regarding resource scalability will allow for more streamlined progression of WEC concepts from wave tanks to sea-trials, and eventually to full-scale ocean deployment. It will also result in a reduced uncertainty about device power output and survivability, which are key drivers in determining the economic viability of projects.

scholarly journals Wave Energy Resource Assessment for Exploitation—A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Guillou ◽  
George Lavidas ◽  
Georges Chapalain
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Reduced Costs

Over recent decades, the exploitation of wave energy resources has sparked a wide range of technologies dedicated to capturing the available power with maximum efficiency, reduced costs, and minimum environmental impacts. These different objectives are fundamental to guarantee the development of the marine wave energy sector, but require also refined assessments of available resource and expected generated power to optimize devices designs and locations. We reviewed here the most recent resource characterizations starting from (i) investigations based on available observations (in situ and satellite) and hindcast databases to (ii) refined numerical simulations specifically dedicated to wave power assessments. After an overall description of formulations and energy metrics adopted in resource characterization, we exhibited the benefits, limitations and potential of the different methods discussing results obtained in the most energetic locations around the world. Particular attention was dedicated to uncertainties in the assessment of the available and expected powers associated with wave–climate temporal variability, physical processes (such as wave–current interactions), model implementation and energy extraction. This up-to-date review provided original methods complementing the standard technical specifications liable to feed advanced wave energy resource assessment.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Optimisation for a Wave Energy Converter via Genetic Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergej Antonello Sirigu ◽  
Ludovico Foglietta ◽  
Giuseppe Giorgi ◽  
Mauro Bonfanti ◽  
Giulia Cervelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

Although sea and ocean waves have been widely acknowledged to have the potential of providing sustainable and renewable energy, the emergence of a self-sufficient and mature industry is still lacking. An essential condition for reaching economic viability is to minimise the cost of electricity, as opposed to simply maximising the converted energy at the early design stages. One of the tools empowering developers to follow such a virtuous design pathway is the techno-economic optimisation. The purpose of this paper is to perform a holistic optimisation of the PeWEC (pendulum wave energy converter), which is a pitching platform converting energy from the oscillation of a pendulum contained in a sealed hull. Optimised parameters comprise shape; dimensions; mass properties and ballast; power take-off control torque and constraints; number and characteristics of the pendulum; and other subcomponents. Cost functions are included and the objective function is the ratio between the delivered power and the capital expenditure. Due to its ability to effectively deal with a large multi-dimensional design space, a genetic algorithm is implemented, with a specific modification to handle unfeasible design candidate and improve convergence. Results show that the device minimising the cost of energy and the one maximising the capture width ratio are substantially different, so the economically-oriented metric should be preferred.

Hydrogen-Energy Vector Within a Sustainable Energy System for Stationary Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Badea ◽  
Raluca-Andreea Felseghi ◽  
Ioan Așchilean
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

Today, hydrogen is recognized as a non-polluting energy carrier because it does not contribute to global warming if it is produced from renewable energy resources. Hydrogen is the only secondary energy carrier that is suitable for wide application. At the center of attention is the fact that hydrogen can be obtained from a wide range of primary energies. It can be used advantageously for a wide range of applications. Hydrogen can be used in decentralized systems without emitting CO2. Hydrogen is already a part of today's chemical industry, but as an energy resource, its rare benefits can only be achieved through fuel cell technology. The next generations of energy systems for stationary applications based on hydrogen fuel cell have the potential of using and implementing clean energy in the residential buildings sector, as well as in the tertiary and industrial sector, thus having a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions decreasing, specific characteristics of hydrogen technology having an important role in the decarbonization of energy production systems.

scholarly journals Phumdis-A Promising Alternative Energy Resource

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Siddiqua ◽  
Sweekrity Kanodia ◽  
Jincy Jacob ◽  
Darwilin Khumanthem ◽  
Keke Thakhell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Loktak Lake ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Calorific Content

ABSTRACTThe inadequate sources of energy coupled with the increasing demands of power have necessitated the search for novel renewable energy resources. ‘Phumdis’ are one such promising alternative. Phumdis are floating mats of heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil and organic matter found in Loktak Lake in Manipur, North Eastern India. This paper delineates the use of Phumdis as an alternative energy source. Phumdis from Loktak Lake, Manipur were processed and analyzed for their biofuel capabilities. The Results indicate that the phumdis have high calorific content, cloudpoint and flash point indicating that they are at par with other fuels.

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