Maximizing Plant Efficiency While Minimizing Water Usage Through Use of a Phase Change Material-Based Cold Energy Storage System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Charles ◽  
Carlos Romero ◽  
Sudhakar Neti ◽  
Chunjian Pan ◽  
Xingchao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Change Material

A supplemental main steam condenser cooling system is under development, which utilizes a phase change material (PCM). This PCM rejects heat to the cool atmosphere at night until it is fully frozen. The frozen PCM is available for condenser cooling during peak daytime electric demand. Three calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2·6H2O)-based PCMs were selected for development after being characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additives to minimize supercooling and phase separation have demonstrated good performance after long and short-term thermal cycling. Corrosion testing under both isothermal and cycling conditions was conducted to determine long-term compatibility between several common metals and the selected PCMs. Several metals were demonstrated to have acceptably low corrosion rates for long-term operation, despite continual immersion in the selected hydrated salts. A system optimization model was developed, which utilizes a 3D modeling approach called the Layered Thermal Resistance (LTR) model. This model efficiently models the nonlinear, transient solidification process by applying analytic equations to layers of PCM. Good agreement was found between this model and more traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Next phases of the work includes prototype testing and a techno-economic analysis of the technology.

Accelerated long-term assessment of thermal and chemical stability of bio-based phase change materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jignesh S Patel ◽  
Elizabeth Gao ◽  
Veera M Boddu ◽  
Larry D Stephenson ◽  
Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Change Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

Thermal energy storage systems incorporated with phase change materials have potential applications to control energy use by building envelopes. However, it is essential to evaluate long-term performance of the phase change materials and cost-effectiveness prior to full-scale implementation. For this reason, we have used the accelerated long-term approach for studying the thermal performance and chemical stability of a commercially available bio-based phase change material during thermal cycling over a simulated period of 20 years. The phase change material was subjected to accelerate thermal aging under controlled environmental conditions. Small samples of the phase change material were periodically removed to measure its latent heat, thermal decomposition, and chemical stability using various analytical methods such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. The topographic changes in the phase change material due to the aging process were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The differential scanning calorimetry data indicate a significant reduction of 12% in the latent heat during heating and cooling cycles during the initial 6.2 years remain nearly constant thereafter. The thermogravimetry analysis results showed that the phase change material has excellent thermal stability within the working temperature range and also shows long-term decomposition temperature stability. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of the phase change material indicate absorption of moisture but the phase change material was chemically stable over the duration of accelerated aging cycles. After several aging cycles, the baseline surface morphology appeared to be changed from uniform mix of phase change material with microstructures to segregated microstructures as evidenced by the observation of the scanning electron micrographs.

Numerical Thermal Performance Investigation of an Electric Motor Passive Cooling System Employing Phase Change Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Deriszadeh ◽  
Filippo de Monte ◽  
Marco Villani
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Passive Cooling System ◽  
Change Material

Abstract This study investigates the cooling performance of a passive cooling system for electric motor cooling applications. The metal-based phase change materials are used for cooling the motor and preventing its temperature rise. As compared to oil-based phase change materials, these materials have a higher melting point and thermal conductivity. The flow field and transient heat conduction are simulated using the finite volume method. The accuracy of numerical values obtained from the simulation of the phase change materials is validated. The sensitivity of the numerical results to the number of computational elements and time step value is assessed. The main goal of adopting the phase change material based passive cooling system is to maintain the operational motor temperature in the allowed range for applications with high and repetitive peak power demands such as electric vehicles by using phase change materials in cooling channels twisted around the motor. Moreover, this study investigates the effect of the phase change material container arrangement on the cooling performance of the under study cooling system.

Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate/Urea Resin as Thermal Energy Storage Micro-Encapsulated Phase Change Material

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenzhen Liu ◽  
Ling Ma ◽  
Zhonghao Rao ◽  
Yimin Li
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sulfate Heptahydrate ◽  
Encapsulated Phase Change Material ◽  
Change Material

In this study, micro-encapsulated phase change material (microPCM) was successfully synthesized by emulsion polymerization method, using magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MSH) as core material and urea resin (UR) as shell material. The surface morphologies and particle size distributions of the microPCM were tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analyzer. The chemical structure of microPCM was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal conductivity coefficient instrument, respectively.

scholarly journals Performance of beeswax phase change material (PCM) and heat pipe as passive battery cooling system for electric vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 100655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandy Putra ◽  
Adjie Fahrizal Sandi ◽  
Bambang Ariantara ◽  
Nasruddin Abdullah ◽  
Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Change Material

Developing a thermo-regulative system for nonwoven textiles using microencapsulated organic coconut oil

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372092149
Author(s):  
Saraç E Gözde ◽  
Öner Erhan ◽  
Kahraman M Vezir
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Microencapsulated Phase Change Material ◽  
Nonwoven Textiles ◽  
Composite Fabrics ◽  
Change Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

Organic coconut oil was investigated as a bio-based phase change material in core, and melamine formaldehyde was used as shell material to fabricate microencapsulated phase change material for thermo-regulation in nonwoven textiles. The microcapsules were synthesized using in situ polymerization method. The produced microcapsules (microencapsulated phase change material) were applied by knife coating in different ratios (1:5 and 1.5:5; MPCM: coating paste by wt.) to 100% polypropylene nonwoven, porous, and hydrophilic layer of a laminated, spunbond, and double-layer fabric. The coated layer was confined within two layers of the fabric to develop a thermo-regulative system on the nonwoven fabric to regulate the body temperature in surgeries. The two layers were composed by applying heat (140°C) and pressure (12 kg/cm2). Organic coconut oil, the fabricated microcapsule, and the composite fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that spherical and uniform microcapsules were obtained with an approximate particle size of 2–6 µm. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that microencapsulated phase change material and the composite fabrics possessed significant melting enthalpies of 72.9 and 8.4–11.4 J/g, respectively, at peak melting temperatures between 21.6 and 22.8°C within human comfort temperature range. The utilization of coconut oil as a phase change material and the composite integration of this phase change material to a nonwoven fabric bring forward a novelty for future applications.

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