Cyber-Physical Systems: A New Paradigm for Energy Technology Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tucker ◽  
P. Pezzini ◽  
K. M. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Physical Systems

Energy based Cyber-physical systems (CPS) find their greatest popularity in smart grid applications, where a complex computational algorithm imparts “intelligence” to a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system used for balancing load distributions. In contrast to this static application of CPS technology, research conducted jointly by U.S. Department of Energy’s, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and Ames Laboratory proposes a new paradigm in which CPS is used as a core technology in energy system development, design, and deployment. The goal is to speed up the development and deployment of advanced concept power plants, reduce the cost and thereby encouraging private and public investment, and substantially reduce the risk of failure. The current technology development paradigm generally starts with models and bench-scale tests, leading to a pilot plant demonstration of the technology before construction of a commercial system. The concept proposed by NETL and Ames incorporates CPS before and during the construction of a pilot plant — arguably the highest risk part of implementing new energy technologies — and then extends the cyber physical infrastructure to the full-scale plant creating a fully functional and coupled digital twin. The creation of a cyber-physical platform as a part of the advanced energy system design and deployment has the potential to enable the “customization” of energy systems to meet local needs and resources. This will reduce cost and environmental impact of energy production and use. Examples of how the technology development process can be changed in the energy sector will be discussed using fuel cell turbine hybrids as an example.

Improvement of fuel sources and energy products flexibility in coal power plants via energy-cyber-physical-systems approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 113554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Zhao ◽  
Peng Jiang ◽  
Zhe Chen ◽  
Collins I. Ezeh ◽  
Yuanda Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Coal Power Plants ◽  
Coal Power ◽  
Energy Products

China’s Energy and Technology Development to Support Global 2 Degree Target

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2496-2504
Author(s):  
Ke Jun Jiang ◽  
Xing Zhuang ◽  
Ren Miao ◽  
Song Li Zhu ◽  
Chen Min He
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
International Negotiation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Global Emission

Globally 2 degree target by 2100 was confirmed in the international negotiation process in recent years. The remained question is whether this target is feasible or not by thinking slow progress in last decades even though Kyoto Protocol set up targets by 2010. The IPCC called research teams on modeling to analyze the possible pathway, policies options, and cost benefit analysis for GHG mitigation. China’s CO2emission from energy and cement process already accounts for nearly 24% of global emission, and the trend is expected to keep increasing. The role of China in the global GHG mitigation is crucial. This paper presents the scenario analysis for China’s Energy System in the background of global 2 degree target, and discussed the feasibility for the lower CO2emission scenario in China. The finding says it is possible for China to limit CO2emission, reach emission peak before 2025, which make the global 2 degree target feasible, in Which energy system development is a kry . And recent progress of key technologies, availability for further investment on low carbon, policy implementation make it much big possibility for China to go to low carbon emission development pathway.

Application of Dynamic Simulation to CAES G/T Control System Development

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyuki Takahashi ◽  
Tomoshige Yasuda ◽  
Makoto Endoh ◽  
Masahiro Kurosaki
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
System Development ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Load Leveling

This paper presents extensive use of dynamic simulation of Compressed Air Energy Storage Gas Turbine (CAES G/T) for control system design, control logic development and software validation which significantly reduced development time and cost of the control system and contributed to successful demonstration of a 2,000 kW pilot plant with technical risk mitigation. The CAES G/T is one of the electrical load leveling power plants. High-pressure air compressed by motor-driven compressors in nighttime and stored in underground reservoir is provided to the CAES G/T for power generation in day time. Based on extensive simulation, we finalized control system configuration and control component specification. Developed control logic was tested by comprehensive simulation tests covering almost all expected operations such as start, acceleration, load application and rejection, recuperator active/non-active mode transfer etc. Finally, we conducted hardware in the loop simulation test to assure Electronic Control Unit (ECU) function and performance. An actual ECU and a real time simulator with the CAES G/T model, sensor models and actuator models were used in this test. Tests at a 2,000 kW pilot plant started in January 2001. The full load rejection test showed 9.9% overspeed of the rotor, which is 1% less than the simulation predicted value and within the regulation limit. Only minor control parameter and logic adjustments were required during the tests. Regular operation of the plant started in June 2001.

scholarly journals Incorporating the human facet of security in developing systems and services

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Naqvi ◽  
Nathan Clarke ◽  
Jari Porras
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Usable Security ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an integrative framework for handling the security and usability conflicts during the system development lifecycle. The framework has been formulated while considering key concerns raised after conducting a series of interviews with practitioners from the industry. The framework is aimed at assisting system designers and developers in making reasonably accurate choices when it comes to the trade-offs between security and usability. The outcomes of using the framework are documented as design patterns, which are disseminated among the community of system designers and developers for use in other but similar contexts. Design/methodology/approach A design science research approach was used to develop the integrative framework for usable security. Interviews were conducted for identification of the key concerns; however, the framework was validated during a workshop. Moreover, to validate the patterns’ template and the usable security pattern identified after instantiating the framework, a survey instrument was used. Findings It is important to consider the usability aspect in the development of security systems; otherwise, the systems, despite being secure against attacks, would be susceptible to user mistakes leading to compromises. It is worthwhile to handle usable security concerns right from the start of system development life cycle. Design patterns can help the developers in assessing the usability of their security options. Practical implications Practical implications The framework would assist the designers and developers in handling the security and usability conflicts right from the start of the system development life cycle. The patterns documented after using the framework would help not only the designers and developers working in the industry but also freelancers. Originality/value The authors present a novel framework to handle the security and usability conflicts during the system development life cycle. The development process of the framework was driven by the concerns raised after a series of interviews with the practitioners from industry. The framework presented in this paper was validated during a workshop in which it was exposed for review and comments by the participants from the industry. To demonstrate the use of patterns in general and the framework in particular, a case study featuring smart grids from the domain of cyber-physical systems is presented, which (to the best of the authors’ knowledge) features the first work relevant to usable security in the domain of cyber-physical systems.

scholarly journals Electric Power System Transformations: A Review of Main Prospects and Challenges

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5639
Author(s):  
Nikolai Voropai
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
And Control

The paper deals with the main prospects and challenges of radical transformations of electric power systems (EPSs) with changes in their structure and properties conditioned by wide use of innovative energy-related technologies and digitalization and intellectualization of system operation and control. Structural trends of EPS development are the focus of the analysis. Consideration is given to changes in EPS properties driven by the use of new technologies, to the problems of system flexibility and to its enhancement. EPS “resiliency” and “survivability” notions are subjected to comparison. The main factors favoring the formation of future EPSs to cyber-physical systems are discussed. Objective trends of EPS control and protection system development are under consideration.

scholarly journals Digital Twin Generation: Re-Conceptualizing Agent Systems for Behavior-Centered Cyber-Physical System Development

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Christian Stary
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Adaptation ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
And Control ◽  
Behavior Models

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) form the new backbone of digital ecosystems. Upcoming CPS will be operated on a unifying basis, the Internet of Behaviors (IoB). It features autonomous while federated CPS architectures and requires corresponding behavior modeling for design and control. CPS design and control involves stakeholders in different roles with different expertise accessing behavior models, termed Digital twins. They mirror the physical CPS part and integrate it with the digital part. Representing role-specific behaviors and provided with automated execution capabilities Digital twins facilitate dynamic adaptation and (re-)configuration. This paper proposes to conceptualize agent-based design for behavior-based Digital twins through subject-oriented models. These models can be executed and, thus, increase the transparency at design and runtime. Patterns recognizing environmental factors and operation details facilitate the configuration of CPS. Subject-oriented runtime support enables dynamic adaptation and the federated use of CPS components.

A Framework for Developing Cyber-Physical Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (09n10) ◽  
pp. 1361-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong He ◽  
Zhijiang Dong ◽  
Heng Yin ◽  
Yujian Fu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Model Checking ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Model Driven Approach ◽  
Oriented Approach

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are pervasive in our daily life from mobile phones to auto-driving cars. CPSs are inherently complex due to their sophisticated behaviors and thus difficult to build. In this paper, we propose a framework to develop CPSs based on a model-driven approach with quality assurance throughout the development process. An agent-oriented approach is used to model individual physical and computation processes using high-level Petri nets, and an aspect-oriented approach is used to integrate individual models. The Petri net models are systematically mapped to classes and threads in Java, which are enhanced and extended with domain-specific functionalities. Complementary quality assurance techniques are applied throughout system development and deployment, including simulation and model checking of design models, model checking of Java code, and runtime verification of Java executable. We demonstrate our framework using a car parking system.

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