Energy Efficiency Increase in Cement Industry Through Implementation of Up and Bottoming Cogeneration Cycles

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Camilo Soles Agamez ◽  
Lesmes Corredor
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Furnace Operation ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Main Input

Cement industry consumes high energy levels with 4GJ per ton produced in average, 30% of it being electric and 70% thermal [1]. Cogeneration in this type of processes is not widespread; for only a few efforts have been made worldwide to implement methods that take advantage of waste heat stream, given that these contain 36% of the thermal input energy required to produce electricity [2]. Furthermore the implementation of a power generation alternative to feed limestone’s calcinations process is suggested. This paper is focused on the evaluation of thermal energy recovery strategies through the implementation of cogeneration systems, enabling an increase in efficiency and profitability producing electricity in before and after-processes of the cement production process. This will be achieved using methods of computer analysis implementing the ASPEN HYSIS™ software to simulate the behavior of the systems taking the rotary kiln operating conditions as main input or output variables. For the implementation of the system two important steps furnace operation will be taken. First one, related to combustion, is performed to produce the energy required in limestone’s processing entering this system, at this point the commercial gas turbine is used, coupled to a generator subsequently taking the power of oxygen-rich flow at the exhaust which is at a high temperature allowing a post-combustion using an afterburner. Finally, a second stage is evaluated at the downstream of the kiln, where a flow of charged waste gases counts with enough energy to perform an additional phase of power generation using an organic Rakine cycle (ORC).

Optimization of a Sintering Waste Heat Power Unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 897-900
Author(s):  
Xue Min Gong ◽  
Jiu Lin Yang ◽  
Chen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Main Steam

An optimization was performed for a sintering waste heat power unit with all data obtained in the site and under the unit normal operating conditions. The physical and mathematical model for the process of cooling and generation is established, which makes the net power generation as an objective function of the cooling machine imported ventilation, the thickness of sinter and the main steam pressure. Optimizing for single parameter, we found that each parameter had an optimal value for the system. In order to further optimize the system's operating parameters, genetic algorithm was used to make the combinatorial optimization of the three parameters. Optimization results show that power generation capacity per ton is increased by13.10%, and net power generation is increased by 16.17%. The optimization is instructive to the operation of sintering waste heat power unit.

scholarly journals Combined Closed Cycle (C3) Systems for Underwater Power Generation

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristide Massardd ◽  
Gian Marid Arnulfi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Efficiency Increase

In this paper three Closed Combined Cycle (C3) systems for underwater power generation are analyzed. In the first, the waste heat rejected by a Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) is utilized to heat the working fluid of a bottoming Rankine Cycle; in the second, the heat of a primary energy loop fluid is used to heat both CBC and Rankine cycle working fluids; the third solution involves a Metal Rankine Cycle (MRC) combined with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The significant benefits of the Closed Combined Cycle concepts, compared to the simple CBC system, such as efficiency increase and specific mass reduction, are presented and discussed. A comparison between the three C3 power plants is presented taking into account the technological maturity of all the plant components.

Realistic Evaluation of Airplane Brake Vibration by Laboratory Test and Analysis

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Black
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total System ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Vibrational Characteristics ◽  
Very High Energy

Abstract An important part of the design of airplane brakes is the laboratory verification of their capability to absorb the kinetic energy of the airplane under various operating conditions ranging from normal service energy levels to the very high energy of a rejected takeoff (RTO). These “stops”, as dynamometer brake applications are called, must demonstrate acceptable temperature levels for the wheel and tire, the ability of the brake to carry out numerous taxi and service type stops without any servicing, and acceptable wear rates for the friction material so as to make the brake economically feasible for use by the airlines. These laboratory tests are typically carried out on an adjustable inertia roadwheel dynamometer. The wheel and tire are “landed” against the flywheel of the dynamometer until the correct radial load is developed on the tire. The brakes are then applied to decelerate the dynamometer to a low taxi speed or stop it completely. With such a system various spectrums of landing and multiple taxi stops can be programmed to yield a simulation of actual airplane operation. An attempt has been made to extend this type of dynamometer testing to examine the vibrational characteristics of the brake as part of the total landing gear system, in addition to its performance as an energy absorber. Since these total-system vibrations can be destructive to both the brake and the landing gear structure, this type of vibrational evaluation is as important as the energy evaluation of the brake. For many transport aircraft, particularly those with four or more wheels per landing gear, it is impossible to incorporate the entire landing gear into the dynamometer testing. The nature of the testing extension has therefore been to simulate the behavior of the gear with simpler devices called simulators. In order to duplicate as nearly as possible the vibrational characteristics that will be experienced on the airplane, various types of landing gear simulators have been used in conjunction with dynamometer testing. This paper discusses the pros and cons of landing gear simulators and a proposed approach that would utilize the simulator in a program to more accurately predict actual airplane landing gear vibrational characteristics.

scholarly journals An Analysis of an Advanced Compressed Air Energy System (CAES) Using Turbomachinery for Energy Storage and Recovery and for Continuous On-Site Power Augmentation as an Air Brayton Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-494
Author(s):  
David Japikse ◽  
Francis A. Di Bella
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Continuous Power

AbstractA thermodynamic analysis of an advanced CAES for Distributed Power Generation (DPG) is presented that utilizes turbomachinery for energy recovery, but also gives continuous power generation to augment on-site power. The advanced CAES uses renewable energy such as wind power and solar PV in the power range of 1500 to 2500 kW plus recuperation of waste heat from the existing on-site prime mover to improve the utility of the energy storage system. The proposed system also utilizes battery storage to maintain high energy density storage, preferably without the need for costly electrical rectifying and inversion systems to improve the stabilization of power generation. This proposed system may be thought of as a “cross-over” system that combines CAES technology with electric battery storage technology, particularly if the stored electric power is used directly as D.C. power at an industrial facility. The direct use of stored energy from a battery as heat input to the proposed “cross-over” system also may be considered in some limited applications. The ideal application of the proposed system is for isolated DPG systems perhaps in remote sites utilizing “power islands” of renewable energy augmented with on-site fossil fuel prime mover, power generation systems. The proposed “cross-over” system enables higher reliability, faster response to transient power loads, and the efficient use of renewable energy, as well as heat recovery from conventional prime mover systems that are on site.

DSP Based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for Improving the Performance of DFIG

2014 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
J. Karthika
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Maximum Power Point Tracking ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

In the recent years, wind power has been developed rapidly. So most of the research work focus towards the variable speed power generation rather than fixed speed power generation in wind energy conversion system. This paper presents a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for an improved power quality, high energy efficiency and controllability. For the experimental application a Back – to - Back configuration with two voltage source converters has been considered one on the machine side and another on the grid side. Each converter has been controlled with a high performance vector control technique ie FOC & VOC respectively. Two DSPs have been used to control both the inverters. Simulation result shows that the Digital Signal Processor provides effectiveness in controlling under different operating conditions.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas mitigation potential from waste heat recovery for power generation in cement industry: The case of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 638-643
Author(s):  
Nattawut Jaiboon ◽  
Wongkot Wongsapai ◽  
Sopit Daroon ◽  
Rongphet Bunchuaidee ◽  
Chaichan Ritkrerkkrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Potential

scholarly journals Conceptual Study on Radiator Area Reduction of Brayton Cycle Solar Dynamic Power

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Tsujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
The Many ◽  
Conceptual Study

Higher on-board energy levels will be needed at the turn of the century for the many developing space programs. Among the many solar-powered energy conversion systems, a recuperated closed Brayton cycle (CBC) is the most promising one. This study investigated several aspects of a solar dynamic CBC system; an assessment of a reference 25 kWe system, simulation studies related to various operating conditions, and heat-rejection studies related to the radiating area required to transfer the Brayton cycle waste heat to space. In addition, particular attention is paid to the significance of the reduction of system mass required for radiation of waste heat from a closed Brayton cycle to space. Conceptually the radiator area can be reduced by rejecting the heat from the radiator at a higher temperature level than that of the waste heat of the CBC, operating a kind of heat pump by using a fraction of generated power. Consequently, an optimum radiator area is obtained. Also, for high radiator-to-waste-heat temperature ratios (greater than 5), the total radiator area is remarkably reduced. Further, the required mass resulting from the inclusion of the heat pump is estimated.

scholarly journals Power generation from low grade waste heat using thermoelectric generator

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Rana Sohel ◽  
Iqbal Arbab ◽  
Date Abhijit ◽  
Akbarzadeh Aliakbar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Optimum Flow Rate

Thermoelectric technology is thought to be a great solution in near future for producing electrical power and recovering low grade waste heat to cut the cost of power generation because of its consistency and eco-friendly affability. Though commercial accessibility of TEG is available currently but heat to electricity conversion efficiency is still low and cost of the module is reasonably high. It’s essential to use the modules competently which is strongly depends on suitable heat exchanger design and selection of proper operating conditions. In this work, TEG module has been selected from the commercially available modules with efficiency of 1.91% for the targeted low-grade waste heat temperature of Th=90°C and Tc=15°C which validated by experiment. Mathematical model has been proposed to simulate TEG based power generation system; the model can predict maximum net power, choose optimum operating conditions and dimensions of heat exchanger. Lab scale design with channel length 1 m, width 0.08 m and gap size 9 mm which is suitable for 50 TEG module (4 mm x 4 mm) have been simulated using proposed mathematical model. For above temperature range, predicted optimum net power was 76.45 W with optimum flow rate 0.94 L/s (56.4 L/min). This lab scale setup will be used for experimental validation of the proposed mathematical model. The obtained results from experiments and simulation are closely matched.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of organic Rankine cycle power generation system for intercooled cycle gas turbine

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 168781401879407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xiaoyun Zhang ◽  
Ningbo Zhao ◽  
Chunying Shu ◽  
Shanke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Working Fluids ◽  
Power Generation System

Intercooled cycle gas turbine has great potential in improving the output power because of the low energy consumption of high-pressure compressor. In order to more efficiently recovery and utilize the waste heat of the intercooled system, an organic Rankine cycle power generation system is developed to replace the traditional intercooled system in this study. Considering the effects of different kinds of organic working fluids, the thermodynamic performance of organic Rankine cycle power generation system is investigated in detail. On this basis, the sensitivity analyses of some key parameters are conducted to study the operating improvements of organic Rankine cycle power generation system. The results indicate that the integration of organic Rankine cycle and intercooled cycle gas turbine not only can be used for waste heat power generation but also increases the output power and efficiency of intercooled cycle gas turbine by selecting the organic working fluids of n-butane (R600), n-pentane (R601), toluene, and n-heptane. And compared to the others, organic Rankine cycle power generation system with toluene exhibits the best performance. The maximum enhancements of output power and thermal efficiency are 6.08% and 2.14%, respectively. Moreover, it is also concluded that both ambient temperatures and intercooled cycle gas turbine operating conditions are very important factors affecting the operating performances of organic Rankine cycle power generation system.

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