Consideration of Co-Variance in Power Plant Test Uncertainty Calculations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence B. Sullivan ◽  
Keith Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
American Society ◽  
Test Uncertainty

One of the most important aspects of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Performance Test Code (PTC) thermal performance testing is the proper determination of test uncertainty since the Uncertainty Analysis (UA) validates the quality of a test as well as demonstrates that the test meets code requirements. It can also carry a commercial relevance when test tolerances are linked to uncertainty figures. This paper introduces an approach to the calculation of the random component of uncertainty when covariance exists between certain primary measurements in thermal performance testing. It demonstrates how to identify parameters that are co-variant, provides a methodology for properly calculating the aggregated random uncertainty of co-variant measurements, and discusses the effect of co-variance on UA results.

Performance Testing of Coal Fired Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane E. Powers ◽  
William C. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Test Program

With the renewed interest in the construction of coal-fired power plants in the United States, there has also been an increased interest in the methodology used to calculate/determine the overall performance of a coal fired power plant. This methodology is detailed in the ASME PTC 46 (1996) Code, which provides an excellent framework for determining the power output and heat rate of coal fired power plants. Unfortunately, the power industry has been slow to adopt this methodology, in part because of the lack of some details in the Code regarding the planning needed to design a performance test program for the determination of coal fired power plant performance. This paper will expand on the ASME PTC 46 (1996) Code by discussing key concepts that need to be addressed when planning an overall plant performance test of a coal fired power plant. The most difficult aspect of calculating coal fired power plant performance is integrating the calculation of boiler performance with the calculation of turbine cycle performance and other balance of plant aspects. If proper planning of the performance test is not performed, the integration of boiler and turbine data will result in a test result that does not accurately reflect the true performance of the overall plant. This planning must start very early in the development of the test program, and be implemented in all stages of the test program design. This paper will address the necessary planning of the test program, including: • Determination of Actual Plant Performance. • Selection of a Test Goal. • Development of the Basic Correction Algorithm. • Designing a Plant Model. • Development of Correction Curves. • Operation of the Power Plant during the Test. All nomenclature in this paper utilizes the ASME PTC 46 definitions for the calculation and correction of plant performance.

Determination of Traces Heavy Metals from Solid Residues Formed by Combustion of Lignite in Relation to Degree of Accessibility in Soil and Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2363-2366
Author(s):  
Delia Nica Badea
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Risk Potential

The paper evaluates the presence and content of traces of heavy metals Hg, Pb, Ni, Cd (total forms) from coal and solid combustion products, the degree of transfer and accessibility in the area of influence of a lignite power plant. The content of toxic heavy metals in residues are characterized by RE Meiji [ 1 (Pb and Hg) and REMeij �1 (Ni and Cd) for the filter ash. Pb and Ni content in the soil exceeds normal values, and Pb exceeds and alert value for sensitive soils around the residue deposit (70.20 mg.Kg-1). The degree of accessibility of the metals in plants (TF), reported at the Khan reference value (0.5), indicates a significant bioaccumulation level for the metals: Cd (1.9) and Hg (0.6) inside the deposit; Cd (0.39) at the base of the deposit, Hg (0.8) in the area of the thermal power plant. The trace levels of heavy metals analyzed by GFAAS and CVAAS (Hg), indicates a moderate risk potential for food safety and quality of life in the studied area.

Turbo Gas Power Plants Performance Evaluation for Putting Into Commercial Operation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Rosado Tamariz ◽  
Norberto Pe´rez Rodri´guez ◽  
Rafael Garci´a Illescas
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Requirements Specifications ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Operational Tests

In order to evaluate the performance of new turbo gas power plants for putting in commercial operation, it was necessary to supervise, test and, if so the case, to approve the works of commissioning, operational and acceptance of all equipments and systems that constitute the power plant. All this was done with the aim of guaranteeing the satisfactory operation of these elements to accomplish the function for which they were developed. These activities were conducted at the request of the customer to confirm and observe that the evidence of the tests was carried out according to the specifications and international regulations. The putting into commercial operation activities were done in collaboration with the supplier and manufacturer of equipment, the client and the institution responsible for certification and approval of the plant. All this in a logical and chronological order for the sequence of commissioning tests, operation and acceptance. Commissioning tests were carried out on-site at normal operating conditions, according to the design and operation needs of each power plant of a group of 14. Once the commissioning tests were completely executed and in a satisfactory manner, operational tests of the plants were developed. This was done by considering that they must operate reliable, stable, safe and automatically, satisfying at least, one hundred hours of continuous operation at full load. After evaluating the operational capacity of the machine, it was necessary to determinate the quality of the plant by carrying out a performance test. Finally, it was verified if every unit fulfills the technical requirements established in terms of heat capacity of the machine, noise levels and emissions. As a result of this process, it is guaranteed to the customer that the turbo gas power plants, their systems and equipments, satisfy the requirements, specifications and conditions in agreement with the supplier and manufacturers referring to the putting into commercial operation of the plant.

Challenges Facing Performance Evaluations of IGCC Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Zachary ◽  
Alex Khochafian
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Separation Unit

Based on the present revival of coal as the fossil fuel of choice for power generation, there is a high probability that several IGCC projects will materialize in the near future. One of the challenges facing the Owners, EPC Contractors and OEM’s will be to define the performance commercial guarantees and the practical means to determine them. In addition following the current huge upturn in conventional supercritical coal fired power plants, a large number of facilities will conduct thermal performance tests. The proper conductance of the test, data collection and correction to reference conditions, have many technical implications and could affect drastically the commercial outcome of a project both for the Contractor and the Owner. For IGCC plants, in anticipation of this probability, ASME Performance Test Committee had developed a Performance Test Code for such type of plant — PTC 47, which was published in January 2007. In the first part, the paper will provide details about the specific challenges facing the implementation of the Code, in particular the proposed use of the input/output method (mass and energy balance). The presentation will cover other highlights of the code recommendations. The methodology is fully applicable to conventional power plants, since they use same type of fuel. The determination of the heat input based on actual continuous measurement of the mass flow and composition of the coal will be discussed in details. The practicality and the measurement uncertainty associated with fuel composition will also be analyzed. A comparison with the indirect method for determination of the heat input will also be presented. The article will evaluate how the code requirements are reflected in the definition of the power plant design, configuration and instrumentation. The implications of test tolerance as a commercial issue and measurement uncertainty as a technical issue will also be presented and evaluated Other unique aspects of the entire IGCC plant performance testing will be discussed: (1) stability criteria related to the gasification and integration processes, (2) corrections from test to guarantees conditions due to complex chemical, mechanical processes. Finally, the article will indicate the progress on the development of performance evaluation methodologies for other main IGCC components: gasifier, air separation unit, gas cleaning systems and Power Island.

Connection of Thermal and Emissions- Performance of GT-Plants

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel W. von Rappard ◽  
Helmer Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Fuel Flow

The new issue of the PTC22 performance test code explains the evaluation of power and heat rate, as well the determination of the exhaust gas mass flow and its composition. The verification of emission requirements is normally tested independently from the thermal performance test and the actual EPA methods refer normally to an extensive determination of the exhaust gas flow, by measuring the velocity profile in the stack or the exhaust gas system of the gas turbine. This paper explains an easier way of determining the exhaust gas volume- or mass flow that is used as reference for all emission data. Additionally it shows that the emission measurement can easily be used as a verification of the exhaust gas mass flow determined in the thermal performance test. The basis for both tests is, however, an accurate fuel flow measurement. Since this measurement is also used for the heat rate or thermal efficiency determination it can certainly be used for the verification of the emissions performance. An uncertainty analysis has been added as well. The authors try to explain the procedure in a way the performance engineers on site can understand.

Thermal Performance Monitoring and Optimization in Dukovany NPP

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Pliska ◽  
Zdenek Machat ◽  
Libor Veznik ◽  
Jiri Smisek
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Operation And Maintenance

Competition in the electricity market forces producers to achieve — in compliance with safety — efficiency of production as high as possible. This efficiency and heat rate is an important indicator of both the condition of the power plant equipment and the quality of power plant operation. To cope with these challenges, powerful methods are process data reconciliation, statistical data processing of large data sets and process simulation. These functions and methods can be used to obtain useful information about process quality and equipment and sensor health. The paper discusses practical experience from six years of using a thermal performance monitoring and optimization system in the Dukovany nuclear power plant. The system is integrated into the overall nuclear power plant process information system and data warehouse. The system provides information in near real time. The major benefit of the system lies in a deep view into equipment behaviour and process which ensures timely detection and identification of functionality degradation of process and equipment or sensor faults. The system also helps to find and use margins of equipment operation and the overall thermal cycle. Selected practical examples are used to demonstrate specific benefits of the system for operation and maintenance of the Dukovany nuclear power plant. There are examples of equipment fault detection and sensor degradation detection. The optimization function is explained with an example of cooling circuit optimization aimed to increase the delivery of electrical power into the grid. A detailed description of behaviour of the main components can be used for their performance evaluation and their repair planning. The benefit of more accurate determination of parameter values is reflected in more accurate determination of reactor thermal output. The conclusion of the paper provides an overall evaluation of system benefits for operation and maintenance of a nuclear power plant.

scholarly journals ANALISA PERBANDINGAN NPHR SAAT MILL E IN SERVICE DAN OUT SERVICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arifia Ekayuliana ◽  
Jusafwar Jusafwar ◽  
Diah Purwati Ningsih ◽  
Fitria Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Boiler Efficiency ◽  
American Society

ABSTRACTCoal feeder is the main equipment in steam power plant which serves to adjust the flow rate of coal coming into the mill to be crushed. Disturbance in one of the coal feeder makes Pulverizer/Mill E supposed to operate in the event of an emergency must finally be in service status. The operation of Mill E will make a significant increase in Spray Superheater and Spray Reheater cause of overheat in the boiler convection area. Realized monthly NPHR generating performance is always different from the monthly Performance Test result due to the decreasing unit performance which comes from the increase of heat rate value that resulting in the increasing amount of coal consumption and the variability losses. To reduce the NPHR to make the plant more efficient then used NPHR calculation method that is heat losses method according to standard ASME PTC (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Performance Test Code) with the number of parameters are more detail. So the calculated of value NPHR will have accuracy according to the actual condition. The purpose of this analysis is to analyze the performance of PLTU Labuan (Banten) which has a capacity of 2x300 MW throughout 2018 and compare it during normal conditions or when there is interference due to malfunction one of the components. The calculation of NPHR (Net Plant Heat Rate) by calculating Turbine Heat Rate, Boiler Efficiency, generator output power and self power consumption. The result of calculation with Heat Balance Method, plant has NPHR equal to 2604,190411 kcal/kWh with coal flow consumption equal to 187,38377414 Ton / h and boiler efficiency equal to 83,98% when Mill E in service and NPHR equal to 2562,130235 kcal / kWh with coal consumption equal to 178,208018 Ton/h and boiler efficiency equal to 84.23% when Mill E out service. It is known that NPHR when Mill E in service is greater than when Mill E out service which mean when Mill E operates a decrease in power plant performance and more wasteful coal consumption. With the calculation of Net Plant Heat Rate routinly and optimally can be done and fast performance can be selected.Keywords: Plant Heat Rate, NPHR, Heat Balance Method, PLTU, thermal energyABSTRAKCoal feeder merupakan peralatan utama pada PLTU yang berfungsi mengatur laju aliran batu bara yang masuk ke mill untuk dihaluskan. Coal feeder bertugas mengatur banyak sedikitnya batu bara sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang diinginkan, yakni besarnya daya yang ingin dibangkitkan dari suatu sistem PLTU. Gangguan di salah satu coal feeder membuat Pulverizer/Mill E yang seharusnya beroperasi saat darurat akhirnya harus berada dalam status in service. Beroperasinya Mill E akan membuat kenaikan yang signifikan pada Superheater Spray dan Reheater Spray akibat overheat di area konveksi boiler. Realisasi kinerja NPHR (Net Plant Heat Rate) bulanan pembangkit selalu berbeda dengan hasil Performance Test bulanan yang disebabkan oleh faktor penurunan perfoma unit akibat kenaikan nilai heat rate yang berakibat pada meningkatnya jumlah konsumsi batubara dan variability lossess. Untuk menurunkan NPHR agar pembangkit lebih efisien maka digunakan metode perhitungan NPHR yaitu metode heat losses yang sesuai standard ASME PTC (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Performance Test Code) dengan jumlah parameter yang lebih banyak dan detail. Sehingga nilai NPHR hasil perhitungan akan memiliki keakuratan sesuai dengan kondisi sebenarnya. Tujuan dari analisa ini adalah untuk menganalisis kinerja PLTU Labuan (Banten) yang mempunyai kapasitas 2x300 MW sepanjang tahun 2018 dan membandingkannya saat kondisi normal maupun saat ada gangguan akibat tidak berfungsinya salah satu komponen. Perhitungan NPHR dilakukan dengan menghitung Turbine Heat Rate, Efisiensi Boiler, daya keluaran generator dan daya pemakaian sendiri. Hasil perhitungan dengan Metode Kesetimbangan Energi, pembangkit memiliki NPHR sebesar 2604,190 kcal/kWh dengan konsumsi batubara sebesar 187,383 Ton/h dan efisiensi boiler 83,98% saat Mill E in service dan NPHR sebesar 2562,130 kcal/kWh dengan konsumsi batubara sebesar 178,208 Ton/h dan efisiensi boiler 84,23% saat Mill E out service. Diketahui bahwa NPHR saat Mill E in service lebih besar dibanding saat Mill E out service yang berarti saat Mill E beroperasi terjadi penurunan performa pembangkit dan konsumsi batubara yang lebih boros. Dengan perhitungan Net Plant Heat Rate secara rutin dan berkala diharapkan kinerja dan performa pembangkit dapat selalu terpantau dan penyebab gangguan bisa cepat terdekeksi.Kata kunci : Plant Heat Rate, NPHR, Metode Kesetimbangan Energi, PLTU, efisiensi thermal

Combined Cycle Performance Test Uncertainty Validation by Comparing Monte Carlo Analysis With Monovariate Perturbation Results

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerri L. Spencer ◽  
Jeffrey R. Friedman ◽  
Terry B. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Uncertainty

This paper focuses on the calculation of the test uncertainty of an ASME PTC 46 [1], overall plant performance test of a combined cycle by two separate methods. It compares the combined cycle corrected plant output and heat rate systematic uncertainty results that are generated using monovariate perturbation analysis with the Monte Carlo method. The Monte Carlo method has not been used widely in power plant performance testing applications. It offers insights into the results of the Monte Carlo analysis method, which is less intuitive than the conventional method. This study shows that utilizing two distinctly different methods of calculation of test uncertainty serves to corroborate assumptions, or to isolate flaws in one or both methods. In developing the method for calculation of test uncertainty, the authors conclude that it is prudent to validate the calculation method of choice of test uncertainty, and to consider the correlations in measurement uncertainties. Also discussed in detail are the impact of correlated uncertainty assumptions, and recommendations on their application. Correlated uncertainty has not been extensively discussed in the literature concerning specific applications in performance testing, although it should be a critical consideration in any uncertainty analysis. Details of determination of instrumentation uncertainty, measurement uncertainty of a parameter, and calculation of sensitivity factors are included in this paper.

scholarly journals Development of comprehensive performance testing technology for motorized spindle

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 168781401881896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwen Wang ◽  
Chuangui Yang ◽  
Yangqiu Xia ◽  
Qiu Hu ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Index System ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Motorized Spindle ◽  
Operational Test ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Testing Technology ◽  
Dynamic Performances

The comprehensive performance test of motorized spindle will contribute to improve the machining quality of machine tool. But existing standards for testing the performance of motorized spindle are limited to test its partial static and dynamic performances. Meantime, most of the researches only focus on the vibration, thermal deformation, and rotary accuracy of motorized spindle. Consequently, how to accurately and comprehensively test the performance of motorized spindle is the key problem. For solving this problem, a comprehensive testing technology is presented in this article. In detail, some principles for establishing a test index system are proposed. And, by synthetically and systematically analyzing the process of structural design, manufacturing and assembly, use, and service, an index system for characterizing the comprehensive performance of motorized spindle is built. Then, some operational test methods are provided to evaluate the selected indexes. Finally, the proposed technology is taken to test a motorized spindle. In brief, the proposed technology will make the performance test of motorized spindle more comprehensive and operational and can provide support for improving the comprehensive performance of the motorized spindle.

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