Waterwall Quench Crack Inspection Without Cleaning or Scaffolding

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Rhodes ◽  
Corey J. Hennessy
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Fireside Corrosion ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Corrosion Scale ◽  
Quench Cracking ◽  
Multiple Defect ◽  
Individual Tube ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Mutual Inductance Bridge

The Mutual Inductance Bridge (MIB) system scans waterwalls for multiple defect types. Already used successfully to detect fireside corrosion and erosion, the capability has been expanded to quench cracking. The MIB electromagnetic approach uses in-phase and quadrature information to detect defects well before potential breakouts might cause plant outages. Fireside corrosion, scale and clinker deposits as large as 0.5” do not interfere with measurement accuracy or speed. Although quench crack defects alone do not change the mass of ferromagnetic material, the magnetic field perturbations caused by their presence provide a unique signature. The robotic MIB deployment containing a position measuring laser, video cameras and proprietary electronics scans 400 ft2 per hour; the handheld unit scans 125 ft2/hr. Scan results include color-coded maps that describe the condition of scanned areas, and individual tube profiles. Results of several applications are presented.

On Damage Evaluation Method of the Ferromagnetic Material Based on Weak Magnetic Field Detection Technology

2006 ◽  
Vol 324-325 ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yun Yu ◽  
Chuan Xu Zhang ◽  
Miao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Spontaneous Magnetization ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Magnetic Intensity ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The increase of magnetic field of ferromagnetic components under service load and geomagnetic field is induced by the residual magnetic induction and spontaneous magnetization. The stress concentration positions can be found by detecting the magnetic field and the fracture can be avoided. The variation of the residual magnetic intensity of bearing carriers under different damage conditions is studied in this paper; the statistical characteristic of the residual magnetic intensity of the specimens in different residual deformations is got, and a concept of residual magnetic intensity standard deviation is put forward with a lot of experiments and in-depth theoretic analysis. The results indicate that the curves of residual magnetic intensity standard deviation appear obvious turning points when the specimens reach the yield point in different original magnetic field conditions, and that the function between residual magnetic intensities standard deviation, tensile load and strain is established. Therefore, the plastic deformation can be judged by the variation of the magnetic field in their service process, and the damage level can be evaluated consequently, which gives a new reliable method to estimate the deformation of ferromagnetic material.

scholarly journals Propagation of an electromagnetic soliton in a ferromagnetic medium

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
V. Veerakumar ◽  
M. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Linear Charge ◽  
Electromagnetic Soliton ◽  
Induction Components ◽  
Charged Medium ◽  
A Charge ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Ferromagnetic Medium

AbstractWe study the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) in both isotropic and anisotropic ferromagnetic material media. As the EMW propagates through linear charge-free isotropic and anisotropic ferromagnetic media, it is found that the magnetic field and the magnetic induction components of the EMW and the magnetization excitations of the medium are in the form of solitons. However, the electromagnetic soliton gets damped and decelerates in the case of a charged medium. In the case of a charge-free nonlinear ferromagnetic medium we obtain results similar to those for the linear case.

scholarly journals THE DESIGN OF DISPLAY DIGITAL DATA INTERFACE CLAMP-METER COMPLEMENTED BY SENSOR GMR (GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Yulkifli Yulkifli ◽  
Fitri Afriani ◽  
Yohandri Yohandri ◽  
Ramli Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Giant Magnetoresistance ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Gmr Sensor ◽  
Comparison Measurements ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This article discusses the design of a robust data interface system that displays an electric current using the GMR sensor. Robust measurement of electrical current to detect magnetic fields contained in the current-carrying wire. The magnetic field on the cable should be the input signal to the GMR sensor to be processed by the interface program. This interface used the Arduino IDE program and displayed in the LCD screen. This research is an experimental research laboratory. The results of the data interface can be displayed in the form of comparative measurements with the power of the conventional electric current. Comparison measurements can be viewed in graphical form. The results of the study have an average measurement accuracy of 91.2%, with an average of 0.96. Besides, this study also obtained a standard deviation of 0.21 and an average error of 0:08.

The Study of Matching Technology between Magnetometer and Vehicle

2012 ◽  
Vol 630 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Chong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Measurement ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Magnetic Field Distribution ◽  
Real Time Measurement ◽  
The Magnetic Field

With measuring instrument accuracy enhancement, it is to meet the requirements of the geomagnetic matching location, but the underwater vehicle is mainly made of ferromagnetic material, the sensor measured except magnetic field, besides magnetic field that the vehicle of the inherent hard magnetic and soft magnetic materials produce and vehicle magnetic fields produced in mechanical and electrical equipment. At the same time, the precision of the geomagnetic measurements will be affected by sensor manufacturing error and installation error factors. Therefore, how to extract the magnetic field from complex environment is a real time measurement of a difficult problem. This paper is based on the magnetic dipole magnetic field distribution theory to establish the vehicle of the magnetic field distribution mathematical model, and through the carrier of space and azimuth magnetic measurement get vehicle plane space magnetic figure. Through the related coefficient to deduce the best position of the magnetometer attaching on the vehicle to make magnetometer the smallest influence while sailing in.

Computer Terminal for Blind and Visually Impaired

1970 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
R. Bansevicius ◽  
A. Zvironas ◽  
J. A. Virbalis
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Computer Terminal ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Ferromagnetic Plate ◽  
Resolution Analysis ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The computer terminal is a ferromagnetic plate with spacial configuration. on which the blind moves by his finger the sensor of a ferromagnetic material. The finger feels the variations of the friction force due to variations of magnetic field and its frequency, which can represent the variations of the different visual information. The magnetic field is created by the spiral electromagnet. It is situated under all terminal and is created the sufficiently uniform magnetic field with well resolution. Analysis of the electromagnet magnetic circuit is performed. Ill. 5, bibl. 6 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.109.3.159

scholarly journals Changes in Rheological Properties of Mortars with Steel Slags and Steel Fibers by Magnetic Field

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4005
Author(s):  
Dukman Kang ◽  
Doyoung Moon ◽  
Wooseok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Constant Force ◽  
Field Formation ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Fiber Addition

The effect of a magnetic field on the rheology of mortars with steel slags and fibers was evaluated in this study. The rheology of the mortar measured with and without a magnetic field was compared. The effect of steel fiber addition to normal and steel slag mortars, mix ratio and size of steel fibers, and magnetic field formation position on rheology were evaluated. Steel fiber addition increased the yield stress and viscosity of the normal and steel slag mortars. The increased rheology was almost restored because of the magnetic field applied to the normal mortars. However, the increased rheology of the steel slag mortars with steel fibers was restored only upon the application of the magnetic field, whose position was continuously changed by a power relay. It is deduced that the alignment of the steel fibers by the magnetic field contributes to the rheology reduction of the mortars. However, in the case of steel slag mortar, experimental results demonstrated that steel slag, which is a ferromagnetic material, receives constant force by the magnetic field, which increases the rheology. This is evidenced by the decrease in the rheology of steel slag mortars under a continuously changing magnetic field formation position by power relay.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Influence of Ferromagnetic Material on the Output Characteristics of Halbach Array Energy-Harvesting Structure

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1541
Author(s):  
Xiangyong Zhang ◽  
Haipeng Liu ◽  
Yunli He ◽  
Tingrui Peng ◽  
Bin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Magnetic Induction ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Magnetic Medium ◽  
Halbach Array ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Energy Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Magnetic Induction Intensity ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Due to the particular arrangement of permanent magnets, a Halbach array has an significant effect of magnetism and magnetic self-shielding. It can stretch the magnetic lines on one side of the magnetic field to obtain an ideal sinusoidal unilateral magnetic field. It has a wide application range in the field of energy harvesting. In practical applications, magnetic induction intensity of each point in magnetic field is not only related to the induced current and conductor but also related to the permeability of the medium (also known as a magnetic medium) in the magnetic field. Permeability is the physical quantity that represents the magnetism of the magnetic medium, which indicates the resistance of magnetic flux or the ability of magnetic lines to be connected in the magnetic field after coil flows through current in space or in the core space. When the permeability is much greater than one, it is a ferromagnetic material. Adding a ferromagnetic material in a magnetic field can increase the magnetic induction intensity B. Iron sheet is a good magnetic material, and it is easy to magnetize to generate an additional magnetic field to strengthen the original magnetic field, and it is easy to obtain at low cost. In this paper, in order to explore the influence of ferromagnetic material on the magnetic field and energy harvesting efficiency of the Halbach array energy harvesting structure, iron sheets are installed on the periphery of the Halbach array rotor. Iron sheet has excellent magnetic permeability. Through simulation, angle between iron sheet and Halbach array, radian size of iron sheet itself and distance between iron sheet and Halbach array can all have different effects on the magnetic field of the Halbach array. It shows that adding iron sheets as a magnetic medium could indeed change the magnetic field distribution of the Halbach array and increase energy harvesting efficiency. In this paper, a Halbach array can be used to provide electrical power for passive wireless low-power devices.

Восстановление топографии поверхностных дефектов ферромагнетиков при нормальном намагничивающем поле

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Ю.Л. Гобов ◽  
С.Э. Попов
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Equipotential Surface ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Reconstruction Accuracy ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetizing Field

A technique for reconstructing the topography of defects in ferromagnetic materials in a normal magnetizing field is considered. It is shown that with such a magnetization, the surface of a soft magnetic ferromagnetic material is an equipotential surface. An approximation is proposed that makes it possible to obtain its topography from the results of measuring the three components of the magnetic field at a small distance from the defect. The reconstruction accuracy was estimated from the results of calculating the field from the defect by the finite element method and reconstructing the topography of the defect using the proposed approximation.

3D FEM Study on Magnetic Field in 320 kA Al Reduction Cells Based on Ansys

2012 ◽  
Vol 531 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Ji Jue Wei ◽  
Sen Kai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Reduction Cell ◽  
Cell Form ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Full Consideration

The magnetic fields in the 320 kA Al reduction cells have been calculated using ANSYS. The calculated results show that the magnetic field lines are concentrated in the cell wall; the magnetic fields in the Al reduction cell form a clockwise swirl along the Z-axis; the magnetic field strengthen in the corners; the vertical magnetic field value of the Al reduction cell is slightly higher. The range of BX, BY and BZ is -0.048~0.145 T, -0.046~0.292 T and -0.183~0.196 T in the Al of the Al reduction cell, respectively. The range of BX, BY and BZ is -0.183~0.348 T, -0.447~0.515 T and -0.350~0.225 T in the electrolyte of the Al reduction cell, respectively. The range of BX, BY and BZ is -0.020~0.035 T, -0.014~0.016 T and -0.015~0.028 T on the interface of melt of the Al reduction cell, respectively. The optimization design of the Al reduction cells should give full consideration to the influence of the ferromagnetic material

scholarly journals Ceramic-Chromium Hall Sensors for Environments with High Temperatures and Neutron Radiation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Slavomir Entler ◽  
Zbynek Soban ◽  
Ivan Duran ◽  
Karel Kovarik ◽  
Karel Vyborny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Radiation Resistant ◽  
Hall Sensors ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Ceramic-chromium Hall sensors represent a temperature and radiation resistant alternative to Hall sensors based on semiconductors. Demand for these sensors is presently motivated by the ITER and DEMO nuclear fusion projects. The developed ceramic-chromium Hall sensors were tested up to a temperature of 550 °C and a magnetic field of 14 T. The magnitude of the sensitivity of the tested sensor was 6.2 mV/A/T at 20 °C and 4.6 mV/A/T at 500 °C. The sensitivity was observed to be weakly dependent on a temperature above 240 °C with an average temperature coefficient of 0.014%/°C and independent of the magnetic field with a relative average deviation below the measurement accuracy of 0.086%. A simulation of a neutron-induced transmutation was performed to assess changes in the composition of the chromium. After 5.2 operational years of the DEMO fusion reactor, the transmuted fraction of the chromium sensitive layer was found to be 0.27% at the most exposed sensor location behind the divertor cassette with a neutron fluence of 6.08 × 1025 n/m2. The ceramic-chromium Hall sensors show the potential to be suitable magnetic sensors for environments with high temperatures and strong neutron radiation.

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