Examination and Analysis of Four-Phase Four-Fluid Flow Techniques in Offshore Pipelines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Odan ◽  
Faraj Ben Rajeb ◽  
Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽  
Amer Aborig ◽  
Syed Imtiaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Transient Flow ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Dynamic Variable ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

Abstract Many offshore drilling sites are plagued by infrastructure break-downs and other issues due to the complexity of the systems required for the subsea extraction of oil and gas (O&G). For the most part, the O&G industry uses multi-phase and multi-component pipeline flows to move their product from one site to another or to different areas of the same site. In extreme environments, such as offshore or Arctic sites, the development of Sand particles along the pipelines can bring additional challenges to the project. The present work examines the practicality of applying a system of four-phase four-fluid flows for transporting a multi-phase flow (sand, water, oil and CO2) along subsea pipelines. As a means for precisely measuring and predicting the characteristics of thermo- and hydro-dynamic multi-component mixtures, models representing phase behavior and hydrate equilibrium are built and tested. Additionally, the study looks at heat transfer, mass and momentum in both the flow and pipe walls and develops equations to describe their interrelationships. Another focus of this work it to investigate four-phase multi-component flow systems in order to obtain a deeper understanding of transient flow in various types of pipes, including conditions around the system of four-phase four-fluid flows, and hydro-dynamic variable effects on flow.

Four-Phase Flow of Oil, Gas, Water, and Sand Mixtures in Subsea Pipelines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Odan ◽  
Faraj Ben Rajeb ◽  
Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽  
Amer Aborig ◽  
Syed Imtiaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Induced Vibration ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Variables ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Subsea Pipelines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oil Gas

Abstract This paper investigates issues around four-phase (Oil/CO2/water/sand) flows occurring within subsea pipelines. Multi-phase flows are the norm, as production fluid from reservoirs typically include sand with water. However, these multi-phase flow mixtures, whether three- or four-phase, are at risk of forming slug flows. The inclusion of sand in this mixture is concerning, as it not only leads to increased levels of pipeline erosion but it also has the potential, to accumulate sand at the bottom of the pipe, blocking the pipe or at the very least hindering the flow. This latter impact can prove problematic, as a minimum fluid velocity must be maintained to ensure the safe and regulated flow of particles along a pipeline. The presence of low amounts of sand particles in oil/gas/water flow mixtures can serve to reduce the pressure exerted on bends. The sand volume fraction must in this case, be relatively low such that the particles’ resistance causes only a moderate loss in pressure. Therefore, the study aims to gauge the impact of oil/gas/water/sand mixtures on various pipeline structures as well as to further investigate the phenomenon of flow-induced vibration to determine the optimal flow variables which can be applied predicting the structural responses of subsea pipelines.

scholarly journals A proposed NMR solution for multi-phase flow fluid detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1148-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Feng Shi ◽  
Feng Deng ◽  
Li-Zhi Xiao ◽  
Hua-Bing Liu ◽  
Feng-Qin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Straight Tube ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Antenna Structure ◽  
Oil And Gas Wells ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Multi Phase

Abstract In the petroleum industry, detection of multi-phase fluid flow is very important in both surface and down-hole measurements. Accurate measurement of high rate of water or gas multi-phase flow has always been an academic and industrial focus. NMR is an efficient and accurate technique for the detection of fluids; it is widely used in the determination of fluid compositions and properties. This paper is aimed to quantitatively detect multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines and to propose an innovative method for online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection. The online NMR data acquisition, processing and interpretation methods are proposed to fill the blank of traditional methods. A full-bore straight tube design without pressure drop, a Halbach magnet structure design with zero magnetic leakage outside the probe, a separate antenna structure design without flowing effects on NMR measurement and automatic control technology will achieve unattended operation. Through the innovation of this work, the application of NMR for the real-time and quantitative detection of multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines can be implemented.

scholarly journals Enhanced production surveillance using probabilistic dynamic models

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Tewari ◽  
Stijn De Waele ◽  
Niranjan Subrahmanya
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Water Gas

Production surveillance is the task of monitoring oil and gas production from every well in a hydrocarbon field. A key opportunity in this domain is to improve the accuracy of flow measurements per phase (oil, water, gas) from a multi-phase flow. Multi-phase flow sensors are costly and therefore not instrumented for every production well. Instead, several low fidelity surrogate measurements are performed that capture different aspects of the flow. These measurements are then reconciled to obtain per-phase rate estimates. Current practicesmay not appropriately account for the production dynamics and the sensor issues, thus, fall far short in terms of achieving a desired surveillance accuracy. To improve surveillance accuracy, we pose rate reconciliation as a state estimation problem. We begin with hypothesizing a model that describes the dynamics of production rates and their relationship with thefield measurements. The model appropriately accounts for the uncertainties in field conditions and measurements. We then develop robust probabilistic estimators for reconciliationto yield the production estimates and the uncertainties therein. We highlight recent advancements in the area of probabilistic programming that can go a long way in improving the performance and the portability of such estimators. The exposition of our methods is accompanied by experiments in a simulation environment to illustrate improved surveillance accuracy achieved in different production scenarios.

scholarly journals Multi-Phase Flow Metering in Offshore Oil and Gas Transportation Pipelines: Trends and Perspectives

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lærke Skov Hansen ◽  
Simon Pedersen ◽  
Petar Durdevic
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Wrong Decision ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Offshore Oil

Multi-phase flow meters are of huge importance to the offshore oil and gas industry. Unreliable measurements can lead to many disadvantages and even wrong decision-making. It is especially important for mature reservoirs as the gas volume fraction and water cut is increasing during the lifetime of a well. Hence, it is essential to accurately monitor the multi-phase flow of oil, water and gas inside the transportation pipelines. The objective of this review paper is to present the current trends and technologies within multi-phase flow measurements and to introduce the most promising methods based on parameters such as accuracy, footprint, safety, maintenance and calibration. Typical meters, such as tomography, gamma densitometry and virtual flow meters are described and compared based on their performance with respect to multi-phase flow measurements. Both experimental prototypes and commercial solutions are presented and evaluated. For a non-intrusive, non-invasive and inexpensive meter solution, this review paper predicts a progress for virtual flow meters in the near future. The application of multi-phase flows meters are expected to further expand in the future as fields are maturing, thus, efficient utilization of existing fields are in focus, to decide if a field is still financially profitable.

Multi-phase flow measurement in a gas refinery using decentralized Lyapunov–based adaptive observer

2020 ◽  
pp. 014233122096497
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Varvani Farahani ◽  
Mohsen Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Adaptive Observer ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Lumped Model ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Gas Refinery

This paper presents a new Lyapunov-based nonlinear adaptive observer and joint unscented Kalman filter to precisely estimate the states and the parameters for the low-order lumped model of the multi-phase flow at the gas refinery. The main focus of the study is to estimate the discharge coefficient of the orifice meter installed on the interconnection lines of the subsystems (parameters) and the total oil and gas mass flows (states). The adaptive estimation is conducted using the real-time measurements including choke pressure, bottom line pressure, single-phase gas flow, and single-phase liquid flow in the refinery outlet. To check the stability and performance of the system against changes, the Lyapunov theory has been used. In all stages, the investigations were based on the data collected from the actual process in the South Pars Gas Complex, Iran. Using the dynamic HYSYS simulation, it is found that the proposed adaptive observer is capable of estimating the oil and gas flows and identifying the discharge coefficient of the flow meter at issue. To show the performance of the proposed adaptive observer, it is evaluated against and compared with the unscented Kalman filter. The comparison of the results obtained from the proposed observer, unscented Kalman filter, and dynamic HYSYS simulation with data collected from the actual process of the refinery shows the appropriate performance of the both estimation algorithms in detecting the changes in liquid and gas flow rates and the consistency of their results with the real process in the South Pars Gas Complex. The simulations reveal that low-order lumped model is sufficient for estimation of parameters and states of the multiphase flow entering the gas refinery.

scholarly journals MULTI PHASE FLOW MEASUREMENTS WITH THE APPLICATION OF ECT/ERT DECART MULTIMODALITY TOMOGRAPH

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Jacek Nowakowski ◽  
Robert Banasiak ◽  
Radosław Wajman ◽  
Dominik Sankowski
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
On Line ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Multi Phase

The multi-phase flow measurements are very important tasks in many areas of industrial processes applications. One of them is undersea exploration of oil in the petroleum industry. The submitted paper presents application of DECART tomograph designed and built in Lodz University of Technology - together with combined measurements of signals acquired from gamma ray measurement system. Use of all measuring modalities allowed for performing measurements of a flow composed of sea water, oil and gas. The paper presents theoretical principles applied to design multimodality tomograph and results of experiments performed in the University of Bergen. Measurement confirmed that multi-modality approach allows giving fast and reliable on-line results of measurements of composition of multi-phase flow. Applied algorithms allowed to speed up on-line measurements and presenting results in a form required in industrial applications. The derived conclusions can be used as guidelines for preparation of industrial applicable construction of tomograph.

Novel In-Line Inspection Tool for Deposit Characterization in Pipelines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossi Lehtikangas ◽  
Arto Voutilainen ◽  
Antti Nissinen ◽  
Pasi Laakkonen ◽  
Sinoj Cyriac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Production Problems

Abstract Deposition formation inside pipelines is a major and growing problem in the oil and gas industry. The optimal use of prevention and remediation tools such as chemical inhibitors and cleaning processes could lead to major savings due to minimized production problems and optimized pipe cleaning costs. This requires characterization and quantification of the actual deposits inside pipelines and downholes. Recently, a novel deposition inline inspection sensor moving inside the pipeline has been proposed based on "inside-out" electrical tomography. In this sensor, the distribution of electrical properties between the sensor and the pipe wall are estimated based on measurements carried out using electrodes around the sensor. In this study, the next generation sensor moving inside the pipeline is described and a deep neural network based approach to deposit estimation is introduced. Test results from a 70 m long semi-industrial scale flow loop containing paraffin wax and calcium carbonate deposits of different thicknesses are shown. Challenges include the changing position and orientation of the sensor during the low. The results show that the sensor is able to measure both deposit thickness and type with good accuracy which indicates that the sensor is suitable for industrial use. Accurate knowledge about deposits allows future blockage prevention, detecting build-up locations in the early phase, increasing accuracy of multi-phase flow and deposition models, optimization of chemical use and validation of deposit cleaning tools before integrity campaigns leading to overall reduced pipeline operation costs.

Challenging Areas in Flow Measurement

1988 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Kinghorn
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Special Solutions ◽  
Multi Phase

Flow measurement has many applications and a wide range of techniques is used. In many industrial sectors there are particular difficulties in measuring flowrate and often special solutions are required. Some of the problems in the oil and gas, biotechnology, automobile and water supply industries are described and the shortcomings or difficulties associated with the methods currently being used are identified. There are also numerous technical difficulties which span several industrial sectors and the topics of multi-phase flow, direct mass flow measurement, pipework configuration effects and computational fluid dynamics are covered, although it is recognised that these are only a few of a very much larger number of difficult areas.

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