Soil-Pipe Interaction Models for the Simulation of Buried Steel Pipeline Behaviour Against Geohazards

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Sarvanis ◽  
Spyros A. Karamanos ◽  
Polynikis Vazouras ◽  
Panos Dakoulas ◽  
Elisabetta Mecozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Complex Loading ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Rigorous Model ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Soil Pipe

Hydrocarbon pipelines constructed in geohazards areas, are subjected to ground-induced actions, associated with the development of severe strains in the pipeline and constitute major threats for their structural integrity. In the course of pipeline design, calculation of those strains is necessary for safeguarding pipeline integrity, and the development of reliable analytical/numerical design tools that account for soil-pipe interaction is required. In the present paper, soil-pipe interaction models for buried steel pipelines subjected to severe ground-induced actions are presented. First, two numerical methodologies, (simplified and rigorous) and one analytical are presented and compared, followed by an experimental verification; transversal soil-pipe interaction is examined through full-scale experimental testing, and comparisons of numerical simulations with rigorous finite element models are reported. Furthermore, the rigorous model is compared with the results from a special-purpose full-scale “landslide/fault” experimental test in order to examine the soil-pipe interaction in a complex loading conditions. Finally, the verified rigorous model is compared with both the simplified models and the analytical methodology.

Use of DNVGL-RP-C203 for Determining the Fatigue Capacity of Connectors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Muff ◽  
Anders Wormsen ◽  
Torfinn Hørte ◽  
Arne Fjeldstad ◽  
Per Osen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Finite Element Model

Abstract Guidance for determining a S-N based fatigue capacity (safe life design) for preloaded connectors is included in Section 5.4 of the 2019 edition of DNVGL-RP-C203 (C203-2019). This section includes guidance on the finite element model representation, finite element based fatigue analysis and determination of the connector design fatigue capacity by use of one of the following methods: Method 1 by FEA based fatigue analysis, Method 2 by FEA based fatigue analysis and experimental testing and Method 3 by full-scale connector fatigue testing. The FEA based fatigue analysis makes use of Appendix D.2 in C203-2019 (“S-N curves for high strength steel applications for subsea”). Practical use of Section 5.4 is illustrated with a case study of a fatigue tested wellhead profile connector segment test. Further developments of Section 5.4 of C203-2019 are proposed. This included acceptance criteria for use of a segment test to validate the FEA based fatigue analysis of a full-scale preloaded connector.

scholarly journals Experimental Behavior of Precast Bridge Deck Systems with Non-Proprietary UHPC Transverse Field Joints

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6964
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abokifa ◽  
Mohamed A. Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Transverse Field ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Bridge Construction ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Precast Bridge Deck

Full-depth precast bridge decks are widely used to expedite bridge construction and enhance durability. These deck systems face the challenge that their durability and performance are usually dictated by the effectiveness of their field joints and closure joint materials. Hence, commercial ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) products have gained popularity for use in such joints because of their superior mechanical properties. However, the proprietary and relatively expensive nature of the robust UHPC mixes may pose some limitations on their future implementation. For these reasons, many research agencies along with state departments of transportation sought their way to develop cheaper non-proprietary UHPC (NP-UHPC) mixes using locally supplied materials. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the full-scale application of the recently developed NP-UHPC mixes at the ABC-UTC (accelerated bridge construction university transportation center) in transverse field joints of precast bridge decks. This study included experimental testing of three full-scale precast bridge deck subassemblies with transverse NP-UHPC field joints under static vertical loading. The test parameters included NP-UHPC mixes with different steel fibers amount, different joint splice details, and joint widths. The results of this study were compared with the results of a similar proprietary UHPC reference specimen. The structural behavior of the test specimens was evaluated in terms of the load versus deflection, reinforcement and concrete strains, and full assessment of the field joint performance. The study showed that the proposed NP-UHPC mixes and field joint details can be efficiently used in the transverse deck field joints with comparable behavior to the proprietary UHPC joints. The study concluded that the proposed systems remained elastic under the target design service and ultimate loads. In addition, the study showed that the use of reinforcement loop splices enhanced the load distribution across the specimen’s cross-section.

Soil-Pipe Interaction and Pipeline Design

1981 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Syed Ahmed ◽  
Carl L. Brassow ◽  
Ralph W. McMickle
Keyword(s):  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Soil Pipe

Development of a Field Instrument to Quantify Frictional Drag of an In-Service Ship Hull

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Travis Hunsucker ◽  
Geoffrey Swain
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Frictional Drag ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Marine Fouling ◽  
Accurate Quantification

It has been shown that the presence of marine fouling, even as a light slime, will cause a detrimental effect on the powering or speed of a full-scale ship. Studies from as early as the late 19th century have attempted to quantify the increase in power or decrease in speed imposed on a ship from the presence of hull roughness. The accurate quantification is limited and often difficult and expensive to obtain. The present study aims to develop an instrument that will remove some ambiguity by directly measuring the frictional drag of a ship in situ. Results from experimental testing of a prototype in the lab are presented and used to identify the channel length, height, and accuracy limitations of a field deployable prototype.

Full-Scale Experimental Testing and Postfracture Simulations of Cast-Steel Yielding Connectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. 04020261
Author(s):  
Chiyun Zhong ◽  
Justin Binder ◽  
Oh-Sung Kwon ◽  
Constantin Christopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Full Scale

Assessment of Earthquake Performance of Structures by Hybrid Simulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Elnashai ◽  
Hussam Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Hybrid Simulation ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
System Level ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure

With current rapid growth of cities and the move toward the development of both sustainable and resilient infrastructure systems, it is vital for the structural engineering community to continue to improve their knowledge in earthquake engineering to limit infrastructure damage and the associated social and economic impacts. Historically, the development of such knowledge has been accomplished through the deployment of analytical simulations and experimental testing. Experimental testing is considered the most accurate tool by which local behavior of components or global response of systems can be assessed, assuming the test setup is realistically configured and the experiment is effectively executed. However, issues of scale, equipment capacity, and availability of research funding continue to hinder full-scale testing of complete structures. On the other hand, analytical simulation software is limited to solving specific type of problems and in many cases fail to capture complex behaviors, failure modes, and collapse of structural systems. Hybrid simulation has emerged as a potentially accurate and efficient tool for the evaluation of the response of large and complex structures under earthquake loading. In hybrid (experiment-analysis) simulation, part of a structural system is experimentally represented while the rest of the structure is numerically modeled. Typically, the most critical component is physically represented. By combining a physical specimen and a numerical model, the system-level behavior can be better quantified than modeling the entire system purely analytically or testing only a component. This article discusses the use of hybrid simulation as an effective tool for the seismic evaluation of structures. First, a chronicled development of hybrid simulation is presented with an overview of some of the previously conducted studies. Second, an overview of a hybrid simulation environment is provided. Finally, a hybrid simulation application example on the response of steel frames with semi-rigid connections under earthquake excitations is presented. The simulations included a full-scale physical specimen for the experimental module of a connection, and a 2D finite element model for the analytical module. It is demonstrated that hybrid simulation is a powerful tool for advanced assessment when used with appropriate analytical and experimental realizations of the components and that semi-rigid frames are a viable option in earthquake engineering applications.

Kendall Analysis of Cannon Pressure Vessels

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Compressive Yield Strength ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Engineering Mechanics

Engineering mechanics analysis of cannon pressure vessels is described with special emphasis on the work of the late US Army Benet Laboratories engineer David P. Kendall. His work encompassed a broad range of design and analysis of high pressure vessels for use as cannons, including analysis of the limiting yield pressure for vessels, the autofrettage process applied to thick vessels, and the fatigue life of autofrettaged cannon vessels. Mr. Kendall’s work has become the standard approach used to analyze the structural integrity of cannon pressure vessels at the US Army Benet Laboratories. The methods used by Kendall in analysis of pressure vessels were simple and direct. He used classic results from research in engineering mechanics to develop descriptive expressions for limiting pressure, autofrettage residual stresses and fatigue life of cannon pressure vessels. Then he checked the expressions against the results of full-scale cannon pressure vessel tests in the proving grounds and the laboratory. Three types of analysis are described: [i] Yield pressure tests of cannon sections compared with a yield pressure expression, including in the comparison post-test yield strength measurements from appropriate locations of the cannon sections; [ii] Autofrettage hoop residual stress measurements by neutron diffraction in cannon sections compared with expressions, including Bauschinger corrections in the expressions to account for the reduction in compressive yield strength near the bore of an autofrettaged vessel; [iii] Fatigue life tests of cannons following proving ground firing and subsequent laboratory simulated firing compared with Paris-based fatigue life expressions that include post-test metallographic determination of the initial crack size due to firing. Procedures are proposed for Paris life calculations for bore-initiated fatigue affected by crack-face pressure and notch-initiated cracking in which notch tip stresses are significantly above the material yield strength. The expressions developed by Kendall and compared with full-scale cannon pressure vessel tests provide useful first-order design and safety checks for pressure vessels, to be followed by further engineering analysis and service simulation testing as appropriate for the application. Expressions are summarized that are intended for initial design calculations of yield pressure, autofrettage stresses and fatigue life for pressure vessels. Example calculations with these expressions are described for a hypothetical pressure vessel.

Effects of Soil Non-Linearity on the Dynamic Behavior and Fatigue Life of Pipeline Spans Subjected to Slug Flow

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euro Casanova ◽  
Armando Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Slug Flow ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Vibration Response ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Equilibrium Configurations ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Cyclic Damage ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Soil Pipe

Offshore production fields require long submarine pipelines for transporting production fluids that are inherently multiphase. This condition and hydraulic sizing of pipelines lead often to the development of slug flow patterns in which condensate slugs traveling in the pipeline, act as moving gravity loads for the piping structure, therefore producing a dynamic response especially important for the free spans. Recently some authors have shown that this phenomenon may produce a cyclic damage that could reduce in a significant way the fatigue life of the pipelines, thus constituting a governing mechanism in their design. On the other hand, pipe-soil interaction has also been identified as an important factor in pipeline design and fatigue life; in particular it is important for determination of the static equilibrium configurations and the vibration response of free spanning pipelines. In this work a previously presented numerical model which combines fluid equations for predicting slug characteristics and a structural finite element model for the pipelines transporting slugs, is improved by introducing non linear characteristics of seabed supports. Different seabed supports (linear, perfectly plastic, and non linear with tension cut-off) and different properties of soil-pipe interaction (stiffness, damping and length of soil-pipe interaction) are considered, and their effects on vibration response and fatigue life are compared. Results show that soil pipe interaction is an important parameter in vibration response and fatigue life for pipeline spans subjected to slug flow.

Core Seismic Experiment and Analysis of Full Scale Single Model for Fast Reactor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa Iwasaki ◽  
Shinichiro Matsubara ◽  
Tomohiko Yamamoto ◽  
Seiji Kitamura ◽  
Hidenori Harada
Keyword(s):  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Core Element

To design fast reactor (FR) core components, seismic response must be evaluated in order to ensure structural integrity. Generally, the fast reactor core is made of several hundred core elements in hexagonal arrangement. When a big earthquake occurs, large horizontal displacement, vertical displacement (raising) and impact force of each core element may cause a trouble for control rod insertability, reactivity insertion and core element intensity. Therefore, a seismic analysis method of a fast reactor core considering three-dimensional nonlinear behavior, such as bouncing, impact, fluid-structure interaction, etc. was developed. This paper presents a validation of the core element vibration analysis code in three dimensions (REVIAN-3D) for a full scale model. In this validation, the vertical behavior (rising displacement) and horizontal behavior (Impact force, horizontal response) as a single core element of the analysis result agreed very well with the experiments.

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