Floating Bridge Technology: Prediction of Extreme Environmental Load Effects

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Villoria
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Load ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Bridge Technology

The present paper describes the different concepts considered for the crossing of Bjørnfjorden. The emphasis is put on the methodology implemented for the estimation of the extreme environmental loads the chosen structure will be exposed to.

scholarly journals Dynamic Response Analysis of a Floating Bridge Subjected to Environmental Loads

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengshun Cheng ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Torgeir Moan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Wave ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Frequency Wave ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Sway Motion

Designing floating bridges for wide and deep fjords is very challenging. The floating bridge is subjected to wind, wave, and current loads. All these loads and corresponding load effects should be properly evaluated, e.g. for ultimate limit state design check. In this study, the wind-, wave- and current-induced load effects of an end-anchored floating bridge are numerically investigated. The considered floating bridge, about 4600 m long, was an early concept for crossing Bjørnafjorden, Norway. It consists of a cable-stayed high bridge part and a pontoon-supported low bridge part, and has a number of eigen-modes, which might be excited by the relevant environmental loads. Numerical simulations show that the sway motion and strong axis bending moment along the bridge girder are primarily induced by wind loads, while variations of heave motion and weak axis bending moment are mainly induced by wave loads. Current loads mainly provide damping force to reduce the variations of sway motion and strong axis bending moment. Turbulent wind can cause significantly larger low-frequency resonant responses than second-order difference-frequency wave loads.

Numerical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of a Floating Bridge Subjected to Wind, Wave, and Current Loads

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengshun Cheng ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Torgeir Moan
Keyword(s):  
Axial Force ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Turbulent Wind ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Bridge Girder ◽  
Sway Motion

Designing reliable and cost-effective floating bridges for wide and deep fjords is very challenging. The floating bridge is subjected to various environmental loads, such as wind, wave, and current loads. All these loads and associated load effects should be properly evaluated for ultimate limit state design check. In this study, the wind-, wave-, and current-induced load effects are comprehensively investigated for an end-anchored curved floating bridge, which was an early concept for crossing the Bjørnafjorden. The considered floating bridge is about 4600 m long and consists of a cable-stayed high bridge part and a pontoon-supported low bridge part. It also has a large number of eigen-modes, which might be excited by the environmental loads. Modeling of wind loads on the bridge girder is first studied, indicating that apart from aerodynamic drag force, aerodynamic lift and moment on the bridge girder should also be considered due to their significant contribution to axial force. Turbulent wind spectrum and spatial coherence play an important role and should also be properly determined. The sway motion, axial force, and strong axis bending moment of the bridge girder are mainly induced by wind loads, while the heave motion, weak axis bending moment, and torsional moment are mainly induced by wave loads. Turbulent wind can cause significant larger low-frequency eigen-mode resonant responses than the second-order difference frequency wave loads. Current loads mainly contribute damping and reduce the variations of sway motion, axial force, and strong axis bending moment.

Elimination of Heavy Metals from the Material of Sludge Bed Slovinky

2015 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Ľubica Kozáková ◽  
Miroslav Zeleňák ◽  
Tomáš Bakalár ◽  
Fridrich Zeleňák
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Metallurgical Factory ◽  
Ore Treatment

Old environmental loads are priority environmental problems in Slovakia. An old environmental load is an anthropogenic constituent in landscape which has its origin in past works (for example mining and mineral processing) but in present time it can also pose risk for the environment. One of environmental loads in Slovakia is sludge bed in Slovinky. Village Slovinky is well-known for mining activities during several centuries. From the beginning copper ore was mined there, later on iron ore which was processed in the metallurgical factory in Krompachy. The mining activity in Slovinky was stopped in 1993. Flotation slurry from ore treatment plant was deposited on the sludge bed which was operated from 1968 to 1999. More than 4.8 million cubic meters of slurry is deposited there. Locality of Slovinky is included in State Remediation Program of Environmental Loads (2010-2015). The paper summarizes the actual state of knowledge about environmental impact of mineral processing and theoretical analysis of problem of environmental impact of environmental load – sludge bed in Slovinky. Experimental part of the paper is focused on study of possibilities of elimination of heavy metals in sludge bed material with the aim of improvement of the environmental quality of surveyed locality.

The Impact of Multi-Body Operations on DP Capability

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Giorgiutti ◽  
Flávia C. Rezende ◽  
Julien Boulland ◽  
Rodrigo Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Wind Wave ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Wave Trains ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Offshore Activities

As offshore activities are growing, the marine operations are becoming more complex involving the presence of few or several vessels in proximity to each other which increases the risk associated to those operations. Shuttle tankers, PSVs, floatels are often equipped with DP systems for maintaining position. The capability of these systems is defined during design phase by the DP manufacturer based on the assumption of standalone operation and considering environmental load cases prescribed in Industry standards (ex. wind, wave and current all aligned). During a realistic operational condition, however, the presence of other unities may significantly alter the loads acting on the DP vessel which will affect somehow its station keeping capacity. Furthermore, in some areas of the world, the misalignment between the environmental loads and the presence of several wave trains from different directions (ex. off-shore Brazil) shall be considered in the sake of safety of the operation. In order to provide the clients means to simulate these complex operations (including moored vessels), a DP module has been integrated to Bureau Veritas multi-body mooring software, ARIANE. In this paper, the case of a DP floatel vessel operating close to a turret moored FPSO in Brazilian waters is analyzed and the differences in the DP capacity under realistic conditions with respect to the original DP capability are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Environmental Load Evaluation of Nipigon River Bridge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hrnjak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Load Combination ◽  
Temperature Load ◽  
If Current ◽  
Load Evaluation

If current climate trends continue, climate change will be inevitable and designing infrastructure which can withstand changing environmental loads will be a concern. Furthermore, current infrastructure will be affected and may require retrofitting or rehabilitation in order to meet safety and code requirements. The scope of this report is to determine the effect of increased environmental load factor coefficients on Nipigon River Bridge. An FEA model was created and the results from the model show that the bridge is sensitive to changes in environmental loads, particularly those of wind and temperature. An increase of 10% in wind and temperature load coefficients was enough to change the governing load combination and surpass the estimated moment capacities.

Response of Monopod Platform under Extreme Wave in Malaysian Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Affiq Bin Jamaluddin ◽  
Mohd Shahir Liew ◽  
V. John Kurian
Keyword(s):  
Load Condition ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Extreme Wave ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Wave Condition ◽  
Environmental Loads

This paper investigated the structural response of an existing monopod platform under extreme wave condition in Malaysian water. The estimation of the response plays an important role in the design of offshore structure. In this investigation, in-place analysis is performed to measure the reliability of monopod structure owing to the extreme environmental load condition in Malaysian water.The response of the structure to the varying conditions of the structure and varying environmental loads directions are analysed using well defined in-place analysis method [1]. In the present analysis, the deflection of the structure is studied for the number of guyed wires supporting the structure and multi-direction of environmental loads applied onto the structure.

Environmental Load Factors for Offshore Structures

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
H. P. Hong ◽  
M. A. Nessim ◽  
I. J. Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Load Effect ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Environmental Process ◽  
The Impact

An analysis of the impact of model uncertainties on the design factors for environmental loads on offshore structures was carried out. Considering uncertainties in environmental processes, the load effect models and the member resistance, an approach was developed that gives explicit consideration to model uncertainty in codified design. For frequent environmental load effects, a two-factor approach was developed that defines the overall load factor as the product of two components: a basic factor accounting for uncertainty in the environmental process and a separate factor accounting for model uncertainty. The overall load factor is to be applied to the specified load, which is defined as the load corresponding to the environmental process value associated with a specified return period. This load can be calculated from the environmental process without considering model uncertainty. The model uncertainty factor was defined as a linear function of the mean and the standard deviation of the model uncertainty parameter. It can be estimated based on a specific model and reliability analysis. This two-factor approach has two advantages: (a) it allows for reductions in the load factor if conservative or more accurate models are used; and (b) it eliminates the need for the designer to consider model uncertainty in estimating the specified load. The approach was used to develop a set of load factors for environmental loads on offshore structures. These factors were calibrated to produce reliability levels consistent with those implied by the load factors in CSA-S471.

scholarly journals Environmental Load Evaluation of Nipigon River Bridge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hrnjak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Load Combination ◽  
Temperature Load ◽  
If Current ◽  
Load Evaluation

If current climate trends continue, climate change will be inevitable and designing infrastructure which can withstand changing environmental loads will be a concern. Furthermore, current infrastructure will be affected and may require retrofitting or rehabilitation in order to meet safety and code requirements. The scope of this report is to determine the effect of increased environmental load factor coefficients on Nipigon River Bridge. An FEA model was created and the results from the model show that the bridge is sensitive to changes in environmental loads, particularly those of wind and temperature. An increase of 10% in wind and temperature load coefficients was enough to change the governing load combination and surpass the estimated moment capacities.

Life Cycle Assessment Estimation for Eco-Management of Co-Generation Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seizo Kato ◽  
Naoki Maruyama ◽  
Yasuki Nikai ◽  
Hidekazu Takai ◽  
Anugerah Widiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Activity System ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Load Factors

A LCA (life cycle assessment) scheme for any industrial activity system is introduced to estimate the quantitative load on the environment with the aid of the NETS (numerical environment total standard) method proposed by the authors as a numerical measure. Two kinds of environmental loads respecting fossil fuel depletion as input resources to the system and global warming due to CO2 emission as output are taken into account in the present eco-criterion, in which the total eco-load (EcL) value is calculated from the summation of respective environmental load factors on the whole process in a life cycle of the system. This NETS method is applied to eco-management co-generation systems, in which a computer-aided output navigator proceeds the LCA estimation with ICON and Q&A communication. An operation scheme most friendly to the environment with a minimum EcL value, i.e., an eco-operation scheme, is derived from the optimization theory.

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