A Submerged Floating Tube Bridge Concept for the Bjørnafjord Crossing: Alternatives for Station Keeping

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tale Egeberg Aasland ◽  
Anders Myhr ◽  
Stein Atle Haugerud ◽  
Arianna Minoretti ◽  
Jorunn Hillestad Sekse
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Station Keeping ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Impact Energies

A submerged floating tube bridge (SFTB) concept has been developed for the Bjørnafjord crossing. Two designs are currently considered feasible: pontoon stabilized and tension leg stabilized SFTB. Previous studies have found that the vertical motions and accelerations are largest for the pontoon stabilized concept, although both designs are within the requirements. With respect to ship impact, seabed mooring is favorable. No ship impact is likely at the current depth of the bridge, and this is considered a great advantage. Submarine impact on the tethers must be considered, however. Using a failsafe link between the pontoons and the tube itself significantly lowers the stress in the bridge due to ship impact. The link will break at impact energies above a given threshold, and release the pontoon. The bridge is designed to survive loosing one pontoon. It is seen that the bridge survives impact even without the failsafe, thus it is not a critical element, but the stress reduction is beneficial. The cost of the tension leg moored alternative is substantially higher than that of the pontoon stabilized one. Both concepts are considered feasible, but the final decision depends on more accurate knowledge of the soil conditions in the fjord.

Improving earthmoving estimating by more realistic knowledge

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Christian ◽  
Tian Xing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Earthmoving operations are often a very important aspect of a civil engineering project. Very accurate knowledge of the earthmoving operation is often the vital, critical element in the formation of a good and accurate cost estimate and schedule because of its prominent role in influencing costs and time. Inaccuracies are often built into earthmoving estimates by the fairly sweeping assumptions that are made during the estimating process. These problems were revealed in answers to a questionnaire and in interviews with experts. The factors that affect the performance of machines are discussed, including the common types of earthmoving operations. The importance of haul distance in determining which type of equipment should be used is also considered. The selection of equipment and estimation of costs for earthmoving depend heavily on human experience. The means of eliciting human experience are described in detail. Because of this reliance on human experience, a prototype knowledge-based expert system was developed using a shell program. The system is able to select the most appropriate fleet of machines, and estimate the cost, for use as a decision support system in planning an earthmoving operation. Key words: construction, earthmoving, estimating, knowledge, expert system, realistic knowledge.

scholarly journals ANN-Based Decision Making in Station Keeping for Geotechnical Drilling Vessel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Murugan Ramasamy ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hannan ◽  
Yaseen Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Arun Kr Dev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Station Keeping ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

Offshore vessels (OVs) often require precise station-keeping and some vessels, for example, vessels involved in geotechnical drilling, generally use Spread Mooring (SM) or Dynamic Positioning (DP) systems. Most of these vessels are equipped with both systems to cover all ranges of water depths. However, determining which system to use for a particular operational scenario depends on many factors and requires significant balancing in terms of cost-benefit. Therefore, this research aims to develop a platform that will determine the cost factors for both the SM and DP station-keeping systems. Operational information and cost data are collected for several field operations, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are trained using those data samples. After that, the trained ANN is used to predict the components of cost for any given environmental situation, fieldwork duration and water depth. Later, the total cost is investigated against water depth for both DP and SM systems to determine the most cost-effective option. The results are validated using two operational scenarios for a specific geotechnical vessel. This decision-making algorithm can be further developed by adding up more operational data for various vessels and can be applied in the development of sustainable decision-making business models for OVs operators.

scholarly journals Cost–Utility of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Fibromyalgia versus a Multicomponent Intervention and Usual Care: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial (EUDAIMON Study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Pérez-Aranda ◽  
Francesco D’Amico ◽  
Albert Feliu-Soler ◽  
Lance M. McCracken ◽  
María T. Peñarrubia-María ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent, chronic, disabling, pain syndrome that implies high healthcare costs. Economic evaluations of potentially effective treatments for FM are needed. The aim of this study was to analyze the cost–utility of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) as an add-on to treatment-as-usual (TAU) for patients with FM compared to an adjuvant multicomponent intervention (“FibroQoL”) and to TAU. We performed an economic evaluation alongside a 12 month, randomized, controlled trial; data from 204 (68 per study arm) of the 225 patients (90.1%) were included in the cost–utility analyses, which were conducted both under the government and the public healthcare system perspectives. The main outcome measures were the EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) for assessing Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) and improvements in health-related quality of life, and the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) for estimating direct and indirect costs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were also calculated. Two sensitivity analyses (intention-to-treat, ITT, and per protocol, PPA) were conducted. The results indicated that MBSR achieved a significant reduction in costs compared to the other study arms (p < 0.05 in the completers sample), especially in terms of indirect costs and primary healthcare services. It also produced a significant incremental effect compared to TAU in the ITT sample (ΔQALYs = 0.053, p < 0.05, where QALYs represents quality-adjusted life years). Overall, our findings support the efficiency of MBSR over FibroQoL and TAU specifically within a Spanish public healthcare context.

Updating Belief in Concept Selection of a Public Project Using a Mathematical Model

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Takai
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Public Project ◽  
Project Proposal ◽  
Concept System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Acquiring information about uncertainty and updating belief before making the final decision are important steps in decision analysis. In this paper, a national laboratory (lab hereafter) uses decision analysis to choose the optimal project proposal for a public project submitted to the government. A project proposal consists of a system concept (system technology and specifications) and a budget. When choosing a project proposal, the lab may not know what might happen when the cost of the project exceeds the budget. If the cost only exceeds the budget for a small amount, the government may allow the project to continue. On the other hand, if the cost substantially exceeds the budget, the project may be cancelled. To assess this uncertainty, experts’ opinions are useful source of information. However, experts’ opinions may not always be available. This paper proposes a mathematical model to simulate the government’s actions and to update the lab’s belief about this uncertainty when experts’ opinions cannot be obtained. Information obtained from analyzing a mathematical model should help the lab update its belief and make better decisions.

scholarly journals Landmarks as Cultural Heritage Assets Affecting the Distribution of Settlements in Rural Areas—An Analysis Based on LIDAR DTM, Digital Photographs, and Historical Maps

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Prus ◽  
Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk ◽  
Tomasz Salata
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Digital Photographs ◽  
Modern Development

The final decision of the owner of the plot who plans to build a house depends on many factors most of which are of legal and financial nature. The authors demonstrate that the decisions regarding specific location within the plot of land are influenced by intangible components as well, namely the intention to have the best view. The view is often related to the occurrence of landmarks with prominent visual impact in the landscape that determine visual connections. The rural landscape is determined by the spatial arrangement including the buildings, the shape of public spaces, ownership divisions, and the land distribution. Being an element of rural cultural heritage, the arrangement of buildings is influenced by a vast number of factors such as geographical, historical, physical, and socio-economic ones. This article focuses on determining the interaction between the settlement locations and zones with an excellent, unique view of characteristic, well-known architectural landmarks. Mapping of viewsheds of many features is a critical element of the landscape planning process and facilitates the protection of cultural heritage assets. The analysis involved LiDAR DTM (Digital Terrain Model created in Light Detection and Ranging technology), digital photographs, and historical maps. In terms of the administrative subdivision, the area comprises 20 localities. The landmark visibility analysis for locations of the buildings covered a 140 km2 area of Carpathian Foothills in southern Poland. The article combines experiences in the field of landscape architecture, spatial planning and the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The examples show that the modern development layout refers to the historical structure and the development of a new settlement tissue has a cultural background and is influenced by spatial landmarks.

scholarly journals Penentuan Penerimaan Usulan Penelitian Internal Dosen Menggunakan Metode Profile Matching

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Vivi Sahfitri
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Final Value ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Profile Matching ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost

A Lecturer as an educator in Higher Education System has an obligation to fulfill the Tri Dharma University which consists of Education, Research and Community Service. A research, which is a part of the lecturer responsibility, shall be conducted in various activities with the cost coming from a wide range of sources. Bina Darma University through the Research and Community Service Institute has an agenda to administer Internal Research Grants which aim to facilitate and motivate Lecturers in the research activities. The assessment of Research proposal is carried out by a reviewer appointed directly by the institution. The reviewer has a full right to determine whether the proposal would be funded or not. The reviewer's full right may affect the objectivity of assessment by the Reviewer which eventually would influence the final decision. Thus, this research aims to design a system for determining the acceptance of Internal Research proposals, that is by using the implementation of Profile Matching Method. The final result of the study shows that the final value of the research proposal which will get the first rank is the value of the ID PROP007 with the final value 4.55. Meanwhile, the lowest end value is 3.1 obtained by ID PROP004. The assessments criteria contained in the research proposal include abstract, introduction, literature review, research methodology, budget conformance and research schedule.

scholarly journals 351 Nitrogen-fixing Water Fern Azolla as Biofertilizer for Hot Pepper (Capsicum chinense var. Scotch Bonnet)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 452E-452
Author(s):  
Devi Prasad ◽  
S.D.P. Potluri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Anabaena Azollae ◽  
The Cost

Scotch Bonnet pepper is a valuable commodity for Jamaica and the Caribbean, both for local consumption and for export because of its unique flavor and pungency. It is a valuable cash crop for small farmers who supply most of the fruit needed for processing and export. Azolla is a small water fern that grows on the surface of water bodies or on moist soil. Due to the presence of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae, it fixes molecular nitrogen. This fern is used as biofertilizer for rice in millions of hectares in Asia. In the present work, experiments were carried out to determine the suitability and usefulness of both fresh and dried Azolla as biofertilizer for Scotch Bonnet pepper. A control without any fertilizer and a fertilizer control with 100 kg N/ha, supplied as ammonium sulfate, were used in 2-m2 plots, with three replicates for each treatment. Fertilizer was supplied in three split doses. Fresh Azolla was spread at the base of each plant and the soil was kept moist for the duration of the study. Dry Azolla was spread like a mulch around the base of the plant and used as a split treatment similar to inorganic fertilizer. Both the fresh and dry Azolla increased the marketable fruit yield over the control without fertilizer. Dry Azolla resulted in a similar yield as the fertilizer treatment [80%] while the fresh Azolla had a 60% increase in the yield over the control. In addition, dry Azolla resulted in early anthesis by 3 days over the fertilizer control. The dry weights of the whole shoot also showed increases similar to fruit yield. The dry Azolla also helped to improve the soil conditions and retained moisture for long periods. The results suggest that dry Azolla can be successfully substituted for chemical fertilizer for pepper. The cost of preparing Azolla to be used as fertilizer is calculated to be about 10% to 15% of the cost of chemical fertilizer for small farmers.

scholarly journals ANN-Based Decision Making in Station Keeping for Geotechnical Drilling Vessel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murugan Ramasamy ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hannan ◽  
Yaseen Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Arun Kr Dev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Station Keeping ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

Offshore vessels (OVs) often requires precise station-keeping and some vessels, for example, vessel involves in geotechnical drilling generally use Spread Mooring (SM) or Dynamic Positioning (DP) systems. Most of these vessels are equipped with both systems to cover all ranges of water depths. However, determining which systems to use for a particular operational scenario depends on many factors and requires significant balancing in terms of cost-benefit. Therefore, this research aims to develop a platform that will determine the cost factors for both the SM and DP station keeping systems. Operational information and cost data are collected for several field operations, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is trained using those data samples. After that, the trained ANN is used to predict the components of cost for any given environmental situation, fieldwork duration and water depth. Later, the total cost is investigated against water depth for both DP and SM systems to determine the most cost-effective option. The results are validated using two operational scenarios for a specific geotechnical vessel. This decision-making algorithm can be further developed by adding up more operational data for various vessels and can be applied in the development of sustainable decision-making business models for OVs operators.

Signature requirements for initiatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Tajika
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Additional Cost ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
The Real ◽  
Initiative Process ◽  
The Cost

Signature requirements serve as barriers to prevent citizens from overusing initiatives. This study investigates the properties of optimal signature requirements by proposing a model in which the initiative process is a game played among citizens, a campaigner, and a legislature. Under the optimal requirement, the campaigner succeeds in collecting the required signatures only when it creates welfare that exceeds the cost of holding a referendum for the final decision. I specify the condition that such an optimal requirement is achievable. In addition, I perform comparative statics analyses to investigate the validity of the differences in signature requirements among countries and petition types. The results reveal a high optimal requirement when citizens have low variance regarding their opinions or do not consider the campaigned issue important. Finally, I evaluate the suggested reforms in the real world, such as imposing an additional cost on the campaigner to initiate a petition and a ban on paid petitioners, and show that while the former reduces citizen welfare, the latter improves it.

scholarly journals An integrated production policy with defective items and stock-out based substitution under triangular dense fuzzy lock set environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrijit Goswami ◽  
Snigdha Karmakar ◽  
Sujit Kumar De ◽  
Tapan Kumar Datta
Keyword(s):  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Defective Items ◽  
Substitutable Products ◽  
Production Policy ◽  
Economic Understanding ◽  
Cost Parameters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Graphical Illustration

Brand substitution is common observed phenomenon in daily life. It is the decision makers' economic understanding and potential scheme for business-industries. Also, it provides the flexibility in management and increases the ability to control the production. This paper proposes an integrated supplier-retailer inventory model for substitutable products. Two supplier with two different brand product with their corresponding demand are involved and one retailer sells each of the products. To nullify the complexities of the joint optimization problem, we first develop a deterministic model for three cases: no substitution, partial substitution and full substitution, then we go for its fuzzification. Keeping the financial constraint of each producer, we have studied over the elasticity of the cost parameters by means of triangular dense fuzzy lock set approach with its locking and unlocking property for final decision making. Finally, sensitivity analysis and graphical illustration are made to justify the model.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document