Experimental Studies of Pressure Loss in Inclined Pipe in Slurry Transport for Subsea Mining

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotaro Masanobu ◽  
Satoru Takano ◽  
Tomo Fujiwara ◽  
Shigeo Kanada ◽  
Masao Ono
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Mining Tool ◽  
Inclined Pipe ◽  
Lifting System ◽  
Slurry Transport ◽  
Inclined Pipes

For subsea mining, the estimation of pressure loss in the pipe of lifting system and the flexible pipe to connect the mining tool and the lifting system is important to design the mining system. The configuration of flexible pipe is expected to have an inclined part. In the present paper, the authors carried out the experiment to measure the pressure loss in inclined pipes using alumina beads to investigate the effect of inclination angle of pipe on the pressure loss. Furthermore, a mathematical model to estimate the pressure loss in inclined pipes was proposed and validated through the experiments. As the result of the validation, it was confirmed that the proposed model could be applied to the pressure loss estimation in inclined pipes.

Study on Hydraulic Transport of Large Solid Particles in Inclined Pipes for Subsea Mining

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotaro Masanobu ◽  
Satoru Takano ◽  
Tomo Fujiwara ◽  
Shigeo Kanada ◽  
Masao Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Hydraulic Transport ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Horizontal Pipes ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Lifting System ◽  
Inclined Pipes

For subsea mining, the prediction of pressure loss due to the hydraulic transport of solid particles in the flexible pipe to connect the mining tool and the lifting system is important for the design of mining system. The configuration of the flexible pipe is expected to have an inclined part. In the present paper, the authors developed a mathematical model to predict the pressure loss in inclined pipes. The total pressure loss is expressed by the summation of the loss due to a liquid single-phase flow and the additional loss due to the existence of solid particles. The additional pressure loss can be divided into the variation in static pressure due to the existence of solid particles, the loss due to the particle-to-pipe wall friction and collisions, and the loss due to the particle-to-particle collisions. The empirical formula in horizontal pipes proposed by the other researchers was applied to the model of the last two losses. Furthermore, we carried out the experiment on hydraulic transport of solid particles in a pipe. In the experiment, alumina beads, glass beads, and gravel were used as the solid particles, and the inclination angles of the pipe were varied to investigate the effect of the pipe inclination on the pressure loss. The calculated pressure loss using the model was compared with the experimental data. As the results of the comparison, it was confirmed that the developed model could be applied to the prediction of the pressure loss in inclined pipes.

An Integral Design Approach for Deep Sea Mining Systems Using Dredging Technology

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Vercruijsse ◽  
R. Lotman
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Integral Solution ◽  
Mechanical Interaction ◽  
Pumping Power ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Mining Tool ◽  
Transport Flow ◽  
Slurry Transport

Experience in the area of wet mining and the dredging industry learns that the excavation system cannot be seen separate from the slurry transportation system. These two key systems in a deep sea mining operation interrelate to such extend that they must be developed towards an integral solution. The nominal production, peak production and variability of these figures must match for all sub-systems in the overall mining system to optimize for mining efficiency; we call this the ‘game of capacities’. Also the configuration of the excavation and transport system has great consequences. For instance an important question is whether to place the first pump and its drive of the slurry transport system on the seafloor mining tool or in the riser system. The choices made impact amongst others on; the mining tool’s reach (and thus efficiency), the seafloor mining tool’s propulsion system and its geo-mechanical interaction, the slurry transport flow and pumping power requirements. This paper will discuss the several dependencies of the (producing) subsystems and important choices for configuration and their consequences regarding technology, capex, opex, reliability and maintainability.

Pressure Loss Due to Hydraulic Transport of Large Solid Particles in Vertical Pipes Under Pulsating Flow Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotaro Masanobu ◽  
Satoru Takano ◽  
Shigeo Kanada ◽  
Masao Ono
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Hydraulic Transport ◽  
Vertical Pipe ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Mixture Flow ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The One

Abstract It is important to predict the pressure loss due to hydraulic transport of large solid particles for the design of subsea mining system. The mixture flow in the lifting pipe is expected to be unsteady in the actual mining system. The authors develop the one-dimensional mathematical model to predict the pressure loss of pulsating mixture flow in a static vertical pipe assuming that the flow in the pipe is fully developed. The experiment on hydraulic transport of solid particles was carried out to obtain the data for the investigation of the effects of flow fluctuation on pressure loss in a static vertical pipe. In the experiment, alumina beads and glass beads were used as solid particles, and the experimental parameters were mixture velocity, solid concentration, pulsating period, and pulsating amplitude. The proposed model was validated by a comparison with experimental data. Furthermore, we calculated the pressure losses due to hydraulic transports of polymetallic sulfide ores and manganese nodules using the proposed model. The calculation results showed that the fluctuating component in pulsating mixture flow should be considered for the design of lifting system and that the homogeneous mixture model could not be applied to the prediction of the pressure loss unless the mixture concentration is low and the pulsating period is short.

Experimental Studies of Pressure Loss for Large Particle Slurry Transport in Oscillated Pipe for Subsea Mining

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Takano ◽  
Sotaro Masanobu ◽  
Shigeo Kanada ◽  
Masao Ono ◽  
Motoki Araki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Large Particle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Riser Pipe ◽  
Slurry Transport

Subsea minerals exist in the deep water within Japanese exclusive economic zone. Development of slurry pump passing large particles is required for lifting ore. In design of slurry pump, it is significant to estimate the pressure loss in a riser pipe for large particle slurry transport. Therefore the authors have been studied the slurry flow model for large particle slurry transport. In addition, the authors developed the model for the static pipe including the inclined configurations. Since the lifting pipe will be oscillated due to the connected ship motion and VIV (Vortex Induced Vibration), the authors conducted the scaled model experiment to investigate the effects of pipe oscillation on the pressure loss. The model scale was 1/8. Alumina beads and glass beads were used as solid particles in the experiment. The pipe was vertical, and oscillated in horizontal or vertical direction. The experimental results showed that the horizontal and vertical oscillation had little influence on the static pressure loss in most of the experimental conditions. However the influence was observed for the horizontally oscillating pipe in the low slurry velocity and short oscillation period condition. On the other hand, the significant fluctuation components of pressure loss and flow rate were observed in vertically oscillating pipe. The results also indicated that the density of slurry and amplitude of oscillation had influence on the fluctuation components of pressure loss and flow rate but the particle diameters had little influence on them.

A Relativistic Newtonian Mechanics Predicts with Precision the Results of Recent Neutrino-Velocity Experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1032-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Symmetry Principle ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Complete Collapse

The research on quasi-luminal neutrinos has sparked several experimental studies for testing the "speed of light limit" hypothesis. Until today, the overall evidence favors the "null" hypothesis, stating that there is no significant difference between the observed velocities of light and neutrinos. Despite numerous theoretical models proposed to explain the neutrinos behavior, no attempt has been undertaken to predict the experimentally produced results. This paper presents a simple novel extension of Newton's mechanics to the domain of relativistic velocities. For a typical neutrino-velocity experiment, the proposed model is utilized to derive a general expression for . Comparison of the model's prediction with results of six neutrino-velocity experiments, conducted by five collaborations, reveals that the model predicts all the reported results with striking accuracy. Because in the proposed model, the direction of the neutrino flight matters, the model's impressive success in accounting for all the tested data, indicates a complete collapse of the Lorentz symmetry principle in situation involving quasi-luminal particles, moving in two opposite directions. This conclusion is support by previous findings, showing that an identical Sagnac effect to the one documented for radial motion, occurs also in linear motion.

An analytical model for predicting the shear strength of unsaturated soils

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-57
Author(s):  
Tuan A. Pham ◽  
Melis Sutman
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Micromechanical Model ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Stress Equilibrium ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Multi Phase

The prediction of shear strength for unsaturated soils remains to be a significant challenge due to their complex multi-phase nature. In this paper, a review of prior experimental studies is firstly carried out to present important pieces of evidence, limitations, and some design considerations. Next, an overview of the existing shear strength equations is summarized with a brief discussion. Then, a micromechanical model with stress equilibrium conditions and multi-phase interaction considerations is presented to provide a new equation for predicting the shear strength of unsaturated soils. The validity of the proposed model is examined for several published shear strength data of different soil types. It is observed that the shear strength predicted by the analytical model is in good agreement with the experimental data, and get high performance compared to the existing models. The evaluation of the outcomes with two criteria, using average relative error and the normalized sum of squared error, proved the effectiveness and validity of the proposed equation. Using the proposed equation, the nonlinear relationship between shear strength, saturation degree, volumetric water content, and matric suction are observed.

Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Fibreglass Reinforced Flexible Pipes Under Torsion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Fang ◽  
Yuxin Xu ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Yong Bai ◽  
Peng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Torsion Angle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Torsional Load ◽  
Flexible Pipes ◽  
The Impact

Fibreglass reinforced flexible pipe (FRFP) is regarded as a great alternative to many bonded flexible pipes in the field of oil or gas transportation in shallow water. This paper describes an analysis of the mechanical behavior of FRFP under torsion. The mechanical behavior of FRFP subjected to pure torsion was investigated by experimental, analytical and numerical methods. Firstly, this paper presents experimental studies of three 10-layer FRFP subjected to torsional load. Torque-torsion angle relations were recorded during this test. Then, a theoretical model based on three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic elasticity theory was proposed to study the mechanical behavior of FRFP. In addition, a finite element model (FEM) including reinforced layers and PE layers was used to simulate the torsional load condition in ABAQUS. Torque-torsion angle relations obtained from these three methods agree well with each other, which illustrates the accuracy and reliability of the analytical model and FEM. The impact of fibreglass winding angle, thickness of reinforced layers and radius-thickness ratio were also studied. Conclusions obtained from this research may be of great practicality to manufacturing engineers.

Mechanical Behaviors of Steel Strip Reinforced Flexible Pipes Under Bending

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Jin ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Peihua Han ◽  
Yong Bai
Keyword(s):  
Steel Strip ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Pure Bending ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Offshore Engineering ◽  
Flexible Pipes ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Composite Pipe ◽  
Good Coincidence

Steel strip reinforced flexible pipe (SSRFP) is a kind of unbonded composite pipe, which has more application foreground in offshore engineering due to its excellent mechanics and the considerable flexibility. In practical application, SSRFP will inevitably experience bending during reeling process and installation. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of SSRFP subjected to pure bending are studied both experimentally and numerically. A four-point bending equipment is utilized to conduct the full-scale laboratorial tests of SSRFP. Furthermore, the commercial software ABAQUS is employed to simulate its ovalization instability. The results acquired from the ABAQUS simulation are compared with the ones from verification bending experiment, which are in good coincidence with each other. The proposed model and the relative results may be of interest to the manufacture factory engineers.

scholarly journals Analytical Model for Restraint Strains and Self-stressed in Expansive Concrete Filled Steel Tubes (ECFST) estimation

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Viktar V. Tur ◽  
Radoslaw Duda ◽  
Dina Khmaruk ◽  
Viktar Basav
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Concrete Core ◽  
Expansive Concrete ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Concrete Filled Steel Tubes

In this paper, a modified strains development model (MSDM) for expansive concrete-filled steel tube (ECFST) was formulated and verified on the experimental data, obtained from testing specimens on the expansion stage. The modified strain development model for restraint strains and self-stresses values estimation in concrete with high expansion energy capacity under any type of the symmetrical and unsymmetrical finite stiffness restraint conditions was proposed. Based on proposed MSDM a new model for expansive concrete-filled steel tubes is developed. The main difference between this model and other previously developed models consists in taking into account in the basic equations an induced force in restrain that is considered as an external load applied to the concrete core of the member. For verification of the proposed model-specific experimental studies were performed. As follows from comparison results restrained expansion strains values calculated following the proposed model shows good compliance with experimental data. The values predicted by the proposed MSDM for concrete-filled steel and obtained experimental data demonstrated good agreement that confirms the validity of the former.

scholarly journals Ensemble of Deep Capsule Neural Networks: An Application to Pneumonia Prediction

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyostna Bodapati ◽  
Rohith V N ◽  
Venkatesulu Dondeti
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Pneumonia ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Pneumonia Diagnosis

Abstract Pneumonia is the primary cause of death in children under the age of 5 years. Faster and more accurate laboratory testing aids in the prescription of appropriate treatment for children suspected of having pneumonia, lowering mortality. In this work, we implement a deep neural network model to efficiently evaluate pediatric pneumonia from chest radio graph images. Our network uses a combination of convolutional and capsule layers to capture abstract details as well as low level hidden features from the the radio graphic images, allowing the model to generate more generic predictions. Furthermore, we combine several capsule networks by stacking them together and connected them with dense layers. The joint model is trained as a single model using joint loss and the weights of the capsule layers are updated using the dynamic routing algorithm. The proposed model is evaluated using benchmark pneumonia dataset\cite{kermany2018identifying}, and the outcomes of our experimental studies indicate that the capsules employed in the network enhance the learning of disease level features that are essential in diagnosing pneumonia. According to our comparison studies, the proposed model with Convolution base from InceptionV3 attached with Capsule layers at the end surpasses several existing models by achieving an accuracy of 94.84\%. The proposed model is superior in terms of various performance measures such as accuracy and recall, and is well suited to real-time pediatric pneumonia diagnosis, substituting manual chest radiography examination.

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