Port Placement Theory in Consideration of Geographical Characteristics and Disaster Risks in Case of Ocean Space Utilization

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Takahashi ◽  
Yasuo Kasugai ◽  
Isao Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Port Placement ◽  
Space Utilization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
The World

In case of ocean space utilization, the factors which have to be taken into consideration in order to form an international basic container route are geographical factors which are the position on a global scale, the economic scale of port hinterland, the ocean climatic condition for setting the route etc. as well as factors from the viewpoint of transport such as the volume of container cargo and both size of container ships and container terminals. It is important to consider these geographical factors not only in order to study the port placement from the global point of view but also to devise the port policy. Although there are many studies on factors from the viewpoint of transport, there is almost no study on these geographical factors. Then, the authors made a new simulation model and analyzed these geographical factors of the international container ports in all parts of the world. As a result of analysis, the authors got the conclusion that there were three port placement patterns. The first type is ‘the Continent Base Port Type’, which it is located in the continent and has the large economic hinterland. Typical ports of this type are Antwerp, LA, LB and Shanghai. The second type is ‘the Ocean Base Port Type’, which is located in the ocean space where geographical predominance is high. This type forms route hubs. Typical ports of this type are Singapore, Malta and Kaohsiung. The third type is ‘the Tight Hinterland Port Type’, which is located in an island and has the tight economic hinterland where the economic activities density is very high. This type has characteristics that the distance between the ports is short and there are a lot of numbers of ports, which is unique and special in the world. Japan’s ports are classified in the third type. Furthermore, Japan has a characteristic that there are many large-scale earthquakes and has to consider earthquake measures to reduce disaster risks. The authors will suggest the most suitable port placement theory in consideration of these characteristics in case of ocean space utilization.

The Dawn of Civilization

2018 ◽  
pp. 234-263
Author(s):  
Kevin N. Laland
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Adaptive Challenges

This chapter traces the evolution of human civilization from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to the advent of agriculture and its large-scale impacts on the world. It describes this history in three ages of adaptive evolution. First, there was the age in which biological evolution dominated, in which we adapted to the circumstances of life in a manner no different from every other creature. Second came the age when gene–culture coevolution was in the ascendency. Through cultural activities, our ancestors set challenges to which they adapted biologically. In doing so, they released the brake that the relatively slow rate of independent environmental change imposes on other species. The results are higher rates of morphological evolution in humans compared to other mammals, with human genetic evolution reported as accelerating more than a hundredfold over the last 40,000 years. Now we live in the third age, where cultural evolution dominates. Cultural practices provide humanity with adaptive challenges, but these are then solved through further cultural activity, before biological evolution gets moving.

scholarly journals Insights into the Toxicity and Degradation Mechanisms of Imidacloprid Via Physicochemical and Microbial Approaches

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Shimei Pang ◽  
Ziqiu Lin ◽  
Yuming Zhang ◽  
Wenping Zhang ◽  
Nasser Alansary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Emerging Contaminant ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
The World ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Control Insect

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that has been widely used to control insect pests in agricultural fields for decades. It shows insecticidal activity mainly by blocking the normal conduction of the central nervous system in insects. However, in recent years, imidacloprid has been reported to be an emerging contaminant in all parts of the world, and has different toxic effects on a variety of non-target organisms, including human beings, due to its large-scale use. Hence, the removal of imidacloprid from the ecosystem has received widespread attention. Different remediation approaches have been studied to eliminate imidacloprid residues from the environment, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, adsorption, ultrasound, illumination, and biodegradation. In nature, microbial degradation is one of the most important processes controlling the fate of and transformation from imidacloprid use, and from an environmental point of view, it is the most promising means, as it is the most effective, least hazardous, and most environmentally friendly. To date, several imidacloprid-degrading microbes, including Bacillus, Pseudoxanthomonas, Mycobacterium, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, and Stenotrophomonas, have been characterized for biodegradation. In addition, previous studies have found that many insects and microorganisms have developed resistance genes to and degradation enzymes of imidacloprid. Furthermore, the metabolites and degradation pathways of imidacloprid have been reported. However, reviews of the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are rare. In this review, the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are summarized in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the remediation of imidacloprid-contaminated environments.

‘from a musical point of view, the world is musical at any given moment’: an interview with bill fontana

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
jøran rudi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The World ◽  
American Composer ◽  
Brooklyn Bridge

bill fontana is an american composer and artist who has been working with large-scale sound installations since the 1970s. in his installations he recontextualises sounds by transmitting them from one location to another, and uses the transported sounds as acoustical ‘overlay’, masking the sounds naturally occurring in the installation spaces. his installations often occur in central urban environments, and he has, for example, been commissioned in conjunction with the fifty-year anniversary of d-day (1994, paris), and the 100-year anniversary of brooklyn bridge (1983, new york city).

scholarly journals A Sociological Study On Construction Workers (With Special Reference to Chitradurga District)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Unorganized Sector

India is a largest growing economies in the world. There are several sectors helps to the expansion of economic growth. Among these sectors construction industry is the main field which leads to the spread of economic activities. Eighteenth century witnessed industrial revolution in England. The term industrialization refers the process which assists to the expansion of economic condition of any Informal or unorganized sector. In India nearly 273 million workers engaged in construction Industry in which 92 % of them are working in unorganized sectors. Undoubtedly the process of industrialization helps every nation for the economic development, simultaneously creates various social problems. Considering the fact, the present study aims to find out the socio- economic condition of construction workers with a sociological point of view in Chitradurga district. Because the construction workers facing perilous condition and leading vulnerable life. Health hazards, economic instability, seasoned job are the main problems of these workers. Nonetheless, the present study tries to explain the difficulty of construction workers in a sociological background.

scholarly journals MAMPIR NGOMBE: REFLEKSI DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 MELALUI FILM TARI

JOGED ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Arjuni Prasetyorini
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
News Media ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Running Water ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAK“Mampir Ngombe” adalah film tari yang merefleksikan kondisi Pandemi Covid-19. Sejak akhir tahun 2019 hingga saat ini, seluruh manusia di bumi sedang menghadapi Pandemi dengan skala global. Memasuki tahun 2020 negara-negara di dunia mulai melakukan lockdown atau pembatasan sosial berskala besar bagi negaranya. Tingkat kematian akibat Pandemi Covid-19 ini selalu diberitakan melalui berbagai media setiap harinya, bahkan terdapat beberapa kerabat dan kawan yang terkonfirmasi positif Covid-19, hingga sembuh kembali namun juga ada yang meninggal. Duka dan kecemasan meliputi hampir disetiap harinya. Pandemi Covid-19 secara langsung dan tidak langsung memberi berbagai dampak. Salah satu dampak yang terjadi jika direnungkan secara dalam akan muncul suatu kesadaran, di mana hidup terasa benar-benar singkat bahwa setiap manusia tidak tahu kapan akan dipanggil pulang.Sebuah pepatah Jawa atau pitutur Jawa mengatakan “Urip iku mung sadermo mampir ngombe, yang memiliki arti hidup itu sangat singkat, ibarat hanya singgah minum. Pepatah itu menjadi sangat terasa pada kondisi saat ini. Waktu yang demikian singkat ini manusia diharapkan mengisinya dengan fikiran yang positif dan dan berusaha memanfaatkannya dengan melakukan hal-hal yang baik dan bermanfaat. Daripada hidup dalam ketakutan, kecemasan, dan kekuatiran, sebaiknya diisi dengan doa, serta belajar untuk ikhlas setiap harinya, hingga setiap langkah yang dijalani akan menjadi laku yang migunani tumpraping diri lan liya. Koreografer menggunakan media video/film sebagai media ungkap sebagai respons dan adaptasi pada kondisi Pandemi Covid-19. Pandemi Covid-19 membatasi gerak seni pertunjukan dalam hal ini tari yang secara normatif dapat dinikmati secara langsung oleh mata dan energi dirasakan hadir secara nyata, namun pada kondisi ini harus dinikmati melalui video/film. Karya ini merupakan sebuah ekperimentasi langkah baru bagi koreografer untuk mencoba dan berusaha mengekpresikan tari melalui media video/film dengan durasi 6.44 detik.ABSTRACTThe dance film entitled "Mampir Ngombe" with a short duration is a reflection and introspection on the current conditions of the Covid-19 Pandemic, all people on earth are facing a pandemic on a global scale since the end of 2019, entering 2020 countries in the world have begun. carry out lockdowns or large-scale social restrictions for the country. The death rate due to the Covid-19 Pandemic is always reported through various news media every day, there are even some relatives and friends who have been confirmed positive for Covid-19, until they recover, but some have died. Grief and anxiety always cover almost every day. The Covid-19 pandemic directly and indirectly has various impacts. One of the impacts that occurs if you think about it deeply will emerge an awareness, where life feels really short that every human being does not know when to be called home. A Javanese proverb or Javanese pitutur “states Urip iku mung sadermo mampir ngombe, which means life is like just stopping by for a drink, very briefly. The proverb is very pronounced in the current condition. This time is so short that humans are expected instead of every day filled with worries, fears and worries, it would be nice if they were filled with positive thoughts and and trying to make use of them by doing good and useful things, such as filling them with prayers, working with them. following health protocols, trying to live up to the advice from the government, namely Gerakan 5M Covid-19 (Wearing a mask, washing hands with soap with running water, keeping your distance, keeping away from crowds) and learning to do iklas every day, so that every step you take will become a laku that migunani tumprapting liyan. Choreographers use video / film media as a medium of expression as a response and adaptation to the conditions of the Covid-19 Pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic limits the movement of performing arts, in this case dance, which can normally be enjoyed directly by the eye and the energy is felt to be present in real terms, but in this condition it must be enjoyed through videos / films. This work is an experimentation of a new step for choreographers to try and try to express dance through video / film media with short duration.

Smooth Redemption Policy of Port Facilities in Case of Ocean Space Utilization

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Takahashi ◽  
Yasuo Kasugai ◽  
Takeo Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Space Utilization ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
Port Authority ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
The World

The ports of the world are operated by port authorities. The systems for establishing port facilities are roughly classified into two types depending on their sources of revenue. In the first type of system (used mainly for channels, breakwaters, berths, etc.), the national/local government and the port authority share the cost of construction. In the second type of system (used for cargo handling facilities, reclaimed lands, etc.), the port authority alone raises funds through a port-related bond-financed project and issues bonds. One characteristic of such bond-financed projects is that the costs of operating the facility and redeeming the bonds are funded through usage fees for the ground and profit from the sale of reclaimed land. Port authorities now require a smooth redemption policy for bonds issued in the past. However, port authorities have found it difficult to choose between having to raise usage fees and land prices high enough to enable smooth redemption in bond-financed projects on the one hand and having to reduce usage fees and land prices to reinforce international competitiveness in port logistics on the other. Unless a solution to this problem is found quickly, the finances of port authorities may become even more constrained, given the rising trend in port construction costs due to the risks of disasters such as earthquakes and due to growing interest rates. This is because prior investments are required for the construction of port facilities that takes a long time (between 5 and 10 years) and usage fees and profits from the sale of land must be suppressed to low levels because of political pressure. This will lead to larger bond issues and therefore a greater necessity for a smooth redemption policy of port facilities in the case of ocean space utilization. The authors first describe the structure of port management in the world, and analyze the financial situation of port authorities. Next, the authors point out that as the capital, maintenance, and management costs of port facilities grow in response to large-scale natural disasters, which exceed existing assumptions, and other factors, port authorities are being forced to take measures to address this. Lastly, the authors argue that public incentive assistance to shipping companies and logistics companies can effectively address the conflicting demands of reinforcing international competitiveness, strengthening disaster restoration capabilities, and enabling the smooth redemption of bonds in bond-financed projects.

Current and promising strategies to prevent and reduce aflatoxin contamination in grains and food matrices

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
S.L. Gibellato ◽  
L.F. Dalsóquio ◽  
I.C.A. do Nascimento ◽  
T.M. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Matrices ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that colonise various crops around the world and cause major damage to the agro-industrial sector on a global scale. Considering the estimative of population growth in the next decades, it is of fundamental importance the implementation of practices that help prevent the economics and social impacts of aflatoxin contamination. Even though various approaches have been developed – including physical, chemical and biological approaches – there is not yet one that strikes a balance in terms of safety, food quality and cost, especially when considering large scale application. In this review, we present a compilation of advantages and disadvantages of different strategies for prevention and reduction of aflatoxin contamination. Biological approaches represent the trend in innovations mainly due to their specificity and versatility, since it is possible to consider the utilisation of whole microorganisms, culture supernatants, purified enzymes or even genetic engineering. However, challenges related to improvement of the efficiency of such methods and ensuring safety of treated foods still need to be overcome.

Al-Kindī: The Founder of Philosophical Exegesis of the Qur'an

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World

Al-Kindī is well known as the first great ‘Islamic philosopher’. In contrast to his eminent successors, i.e. al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā and Ibn Rushd, he adhered to the idea of a creation in time, not to that of the eternity of the world. He appears to have made this choice out of religious motives: certainly he did find support in the philosophical arguments of Philoponus, but one is inclined to believe that he accepted this point of view because of what revelation tells on this issue. However, in those works of his that have reached us, one finds almost no references to the Qur'an. In his philosophical treatises there are, as far as I can see, explicit references to Qur'anic ayas in only three texts; the first two cases refer to Q. 36:78–82, and the third to Q. 6:55. In this article, an in-depth analysis of both fragments will be given and special attention will be paid to the – apparently outspoken, philosophical – interpretation that is given. Moreover, the extent to which al-Kindī designates or does not designate God in terms derived from the Qur'an will be examined. It is hoped that in this way al-Kindī's attitude towards the Qur'an can be determined with precision.

scholarly journals The Crisis in Educational Research: A Pragmatic Approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Badley
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Or Methodology ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

This article first identifies and discusses four main causes of the crisis in educational research. These are summarized as false dualism, false primacy, false certainty and false expectations. False dualism is the apartheid that divides positivist and constructivist researchers with positivists believing in an objective reality and constructivists arguing that reality is a social construction. False primacy is the view that the positivist paradigm has come to dominate research to the detriment of more open, pluralistic and critically reflective approaches. False certainty is the argument that in an increasingly complex and uncertain world researchers have retreated to a reactionary position in order to shore up the dominant paradigm. False expectations is the case that governments, especially, are demanding more evidence-based research in order to provide urgent solutions to educational problems. The second part of the article shows how taking a pragmatic approach may help us resolve some of the difficulties identified. For example pragmatists would not privilege any one paradigm or methodology over another but would argue that both science and constructivism offer different sets of tools for investigating different aspects of the world. This also means that pragmatists see inquiry not as discovering what is really out there but as offering more or less useful descriptions to meet our particular needs and purposes. The third part of the article argues that pragmatism is not an alternative model of research but is more a working point of view or a perspective which is admittedly modest and, so pragmatists think, appropriately fuzzy. What a pragmatic approach to research actually leads to, through reflection, is a kind of useful if temporary equilibrium amongst the community of inquirers. Part of this approach is the rejection of the idea that scientific research can be used with certainty to specify educational practice. All it can provide is possible lines of action.

scholarly journals ‘Philosophizing with’

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Nina Bonderup Dohn
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Philosophical View ◽  
The Third ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Applied Philosophy ◽  
The World

In this essay, I shall present key points from my dr.phil thesis (Higher Doctorate/Habilitation), Epistemological concerns – querying the learning field from a philosophical point of view (Dohn, 2017).1 The aim is to provide an overview of the thesis and to present its main argument for a form of applied philosophy where philosophy takes on the role of dialogue partner with a voice of its own. By way of illustration, I shall highlight some of the issues I have engaged with in this role as well as the answers which dialogue with other disciplines has led me to as regards these issues. First, I present the field, aim, and structure of the thesis. Second, I explicate what I mean by ‘philosophizing with’ and point out four different ways in which one can undertake this venture. Philosophy may dialogue with many disciplines in many areas; the ones I have engaged with fall within the learning field. To further the comprehensibility of my more specific concerns within this field, in the third section I articulate the philosophical outset from which I speak: With inspiration from Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Wittgenstein and Dreyfus, I hold a view of human existence as being-in-the-world and an approach to knowledge as fundamentally involving tacit aspects. This outset is developed throughout the thesis, in dialogue with other disciplines. In section four, I briefly present the resulting philosophical view of knowledge. In section five, I articulate more specifically a number of the issues within the learning field which have helped me develop this view. Section six conversely summarizes some key points which my philosophizing with on these issues have led me to contribute to the disciplines. I end with a few concluding remarks on concerns to engage with in continuation from the results of my thesis.

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