The Effect of Different Drilling Fluids on Borehole Mechanical Friction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Jan David Ytrehus ◽  
Bjørnar Lund ◽  
Arild Saasen
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Basic Point ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Extended Reach Drilling

Mechanical friction is one of the most important aspects in highly inclined wellbores such as extended reach drilling (ERD) and through tubing extended reach drilling (TTERD). Friction caused by the contact between the drill string and the well casing or borehole is dependent to the drilling weight and fluid properties. Drilling fluids play an important role on mechanical friction and using oil based drilling fluids with higher lubricity can reduce torque and drag and minimize stick and slip concerns. Reducing mechanical friction will improve drilling efficiency in general, and will in particular enable longer reach for ERD wells. This paper presents results from experimental laboratory tests where mechanical friction has been investigated in non-circular wellbore geometry. The experiments have been conducted as part of a research project in the tribology lab in Technical University of Luleå. The project was sponsored by the Research Council of Norway and four oil companies. Friction behavior has been investigated for two different drilling fluids; water based and oil based drilling fluids both with and without solid particles. A pin on disc setup was used for these experiments where a spherical steel pin was sliding on a rotational disc made of granite. Friction force has been measured in constant sliding speed and in presence of particles in wet condition. The test results show that mechanical friction is smaller with oil based than water based drilling fluids in the presence of solid particles. In addition, the friction coefficient depends to the particle types and is higher when solid particles were added to the lubricants. Such experiments in a tribology laboratory are important to identify the effect of drilling fluid on mechanical friction from a basic point of view isolated from the other wellbore parameters. Test results and the experimental approach could therefore be of value for any one working with drilling and well construction.

The Effect of Different Oil Based Drilling Fluids on Mechanical Friction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan David Ytrehus ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Arash Golchin ◽  
Braham Prakash ◽  
Arild Saasen
Keyword(s):  
Drill String ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Basic Point ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Extended Reach Drilling

A very important aspect in highly inclined wellbores is the mechanical friction. For extended reach drilling (ERD) and through tubing extended reach drilling (TTERD) this can be a limiting factor. Friction caused by the contact between the drill string and the well casing or borehole is dependent to the drilling weight and fluid properties. Drilling fluids play an important role on mechanical friction and using oil based drilling fluids with higher lubricity can reduce torque and drag behavior and minimize stick and slip. Reducing mechanical friction will improve drilling efficiency in general, and will in particular enable longer reach for ERD wells. This paper presents results from experimental laboratory tests where mechanical friction has been investigated. The experiments have been conducted as part of a project in the Tribolab at Luleå University of Technology in cooperation with Det norske Oljeselskap. Friction behavior has been investigated for different drilling fluids; water based and oil based drilling fluids both with and without solid particles. A pin on disc setup was used for these experiments where a spherical steel pin was sliding on a rotational disc made of granite. Friction force has been measured in constant sliding speed and in presence of particles in wet condition. The test results show that mechanical friction in general is smaller with oil based than water based drilling fluids in the presence of solid particles. In addition, the friction coefficient increases when solid particles were added to the lubricants. Such experiments in a tribology laboratory are important to identify the effect of drilling fluids on mechanical friction from a basic point of view and isolated from all other wellbore parameters. It is interesting to monitor if the results from this setup can have quantitative relevance also for field situations and such comparison should be done as follow up. Test results and the experimental approach could therefore be of value for any one working with drilling and well construction.

The Effect of Different Drilling Fluids on Mechanical Friction

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan David Ytrehus ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Arash Golchin ◽  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Braham Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Extended Reach Drilling

A very important aspect in highly inclined wellbores is the mechanical friction. For extended reach drilling (ERD) and through tubing extended reach drilling (TTERD) this can be a limiting factor. Friction caused by the contact between the drill string and the well casing or borehole is dependent on the drilling weight and fluid properties. Drilling fluids play an important role in determining mechanical friction. The use of oil-based drilling fluids with higher lubricity can reduce torque and drag behavior and minimize stick and slip. Reducing mechanical friction will improve drilling efficiency in general, and will in particular enable longer reach for ERD wells. This paper presents results from experimental laboratory tests where the mechanical friction has been investigated. Friction behavior was investigated for different drilling fluids; water-based and oil-based drilling fluids both with and without solid particles. A pin on disk setup was used for these experiments where a spherical ended steel pin was slid against a rotating disk made of granite. The test results show that the mechanical friction in general is smaller with oil-based than water-based drilling fluids in the presence of solid particles.

scholarly journals Laponite: a promising nanomaterial to formulate high-performance water-based drilling fluids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Bin Huang ◽  
Jin-Sheng Sun ◽  
Yi Huang ◽  
Bang-Chuan Yan ◽  
Xiao-Dong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Inhibition Performance

Abstract High-performance water-based drilling fluids (HPWBFs) are essential to wellbore stability in shale gas exploration and development. Laponite is a synthetic hectorite clay composed of disk-shaped nanoparticles. This paper analyzed the application potential of laponite in HPWBFs by evaluating its shale inhibition, plugging and lubrication performances. Shale inhibition performance was studied by linear swelling test and shale recovery test. Plugging performance was analyzed by nitrogen adsorption experiment and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. Extreme pressure lubricity test was used to evaluate the lubrication property. Experimental results show that laponite has good shale inhibition property, which is better than commonly used shale inhibitors, such as polyamine and KCl. Laponite can effectively plug shale pores. It considerably decreases the surface area and pore volume of shale, and SEM results show that it can reduce the porosity of shale and form a seamless nanofilm. Laponite is beneficial to increase lubricating property of drilling fluid by enhancing the drill pipes/wellbore interface smoothness and isolating the direct contact between wellbore and drill string. Besides, laponite can reduce the fluid loss volume. According to mechanism analysis, the good performance of laponite nanoparticles is mainly attributed to the disk-like nanostructure and the charged surfaces.

scholarly journals Lubricating Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Improvement Using Lignite NPs as well as Their Effect on Rheological and Filtration Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Massara Salam ◽  
Nada S. Al-Zubaidi ◽  
Asawer A. Al-Wasiti
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Lubricating Properties

In the process of drilling directional, extended-reach, and horizontal wells, the frictional forces between the drill string and the wellbore or casing can cause severe problems including excessive torque which is one of the most important problems during drilling oil and gas well. Drilling fluid plays an important role by reducing these frictional forces. In this research, an enhancement of lubricating properties of drilling fluids was fundamentally examined by adding Lignite NPs into the water-based drilling fluid. Lubricity, Rheology and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid were measured at room temperature using OFITE EP and Lubricity Tester, OFITE Model 900 Viscometer, and OFITE Low-Pressure Filter Press, respectively. Lignite NPs were added at different concentrations (0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.5 %, and 1 %) by weight into water-based drilling fluid. Lignite NPs showed good reduction in COF of water-based drilling fluid. The enhancement was increased with increasing Lignite NPs concentrations; 23.68%, 35.52%, and 45.3 % reduction in COF were obtained by adding 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% by weight Lignite NPs concentration, respectively.

scholarly journals Wet Drilled Cuttings Bed Rheology

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Camilo Pedrosa ◽  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Bjørnar Lund ◽  
Jan David Ytrehus
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Cuttings Transport ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Cuttings Bed

The cuttings transport efficiency of various drilling fluids has been studied in several approaches. This is an important aspect, since hole cleaning is often a bottleneck in well construction. The studies so far have targeted the drilling fluid cuttings’ transport capability through experiments, simulations or field data. Observed differences in the efficiency due to changes in the drilling fluid properties and compositions have been reported but not always fully understood. In this study, the cuttings bed, wetted with a single drilling fluid, was evaluated. The experiments were performed with parallel plates in an Anton Paar Physica 301 rheometer. The results showed systematic differences in the internal friction behaviors between tests of beds with oil-based and beds with water-based fluids. The observations indicated that cutting beds wetted with a polymeric water-based fluid released clusters of particles when external forces overcame the bonding forces and the beds started to break up. Similarly, it was observed that an oil-based fluid wetted bed allowed particles to break free as single particles. These findings may explain the observed differences in previous cutting transport studies.

Annular Frictional Pressure Losses During Drilling—Predicting the Effect of Drillstring Rotation

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Saasen
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Unstable Flow ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Shear Dependent Viscosity ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Dependent Viscosity

Controlling the annular frictional pressure losses is important in order to drill safely with overpressure without fracturing the formation. To predict these pressure losses, however, is not straightforward. First of all, the pressure losses depend on the annulus eccentricity. Moving the drillstring to the wall generates a wider flow channel in part of the annulus which reduces the frictional pressure losses significantly. The drillstring motion itself also affects the pressure loss significantly. The drillstring rotation, even for fairly small rotation rates, creates unstable flow and sometimes turbulence in the annulus even without axial flow. Transversal motion of the drillstring creates vortices that destabilize the flow. Consequently, the annular frictional pressure loss is increased even though the drilling fluid becomes thinner because of added shear rate. Naturally, the rheological properties of the drilling fluid play an important role. These rheological properties include more properties than the viscosity as measured by API procedures. It is impossible to use the same frictional pressure loss model for water based and oil based drilling fluids even if their viscosity profile is equal because of the different ways these fluids build viscosity. Water based drilling fluids are normally constructed as a polymer solution while the oil based are combinations of emulsions and dispersions. Furthermore, within both water based and oil based drilling fluids there are functional differences. These differences may be sufficiently large to require different models for two water based drilling fluids built with different types of polymers. In addition to these phenomena washouts and tool joints will create localised pressure losses. These localised pressure losses will again be coupled with the rheological properties of the drilling fluids. In this paper, all the above mentioned phenomena and their consequences for annular pressure losses will be discussed in detail. North Sea field data is used as an example. It is not straightforward to build general annular pressure loss models. This argument is based on flow stability analysis and the consequences of using drilling fluids with different rheological properties. These different rheological properties include shear dependent viscosity, elongational viscosity and other viscoelastic properties.

ENVIRONMENTAL DRILLING SOLUTIONS ON THE POLYMERIC BASIS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Flik ◽  
◽  
Y.E. Kolodyazhnaya
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Water Based

The article assesses the environmental safety of drilling fluids that are currently widely used in the oil and gas industry. It shows active development of water-based drilling fluid systems using xanthan biopolymer.

Full Scale Flow Loop Experiments of Hole Cleaning Performances of Drilling Fluids

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan David Ytrehus ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Sneha Sayindla ◽  
Bjørnar Lund ◽  
Benjamin Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Section ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Performance ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Drilling Cost

One important requirement for a drilling fluid is the ability to transport the cuttings out of the borehole. Improved hole cleaning is a key to solve several challenges in the drilling industry and will allow both longer wells and improved quality of well construction. It has been observed, however, that drilling fluids with similar properties according to the API standard can have significantly different behavior with respect to hole cleaning performance. The reasons for this are not fully understood. This paper presents results from flow loop laboratory tests without and with injected cuttings size particles using a base oil and a commercial oil based drilling fluid. The results demonstrate the importance of the rheological properties of the fluids for the hole cleaning performance. A thorough investigation of the viscoelastic properties of the fluids was performed with a Fann viscometer and a Paar-Physica rheometer, and was used to interpret the results from the flow loop experiments. Improved understanding of the fluid properties relevant to hole cleaning performance will help develop better models of wellbore hydraulics used in planning of well operations. Eventually this may lead to higher ROP with water based drilling fluids as obtained with oil based drilling fluids. This may ease cuttings handling in many operations and thereby significantly reduce the drilling cost using (normally) more environmentally friendly fluids. The experiments have been conducted as part of an industry-sponsored research project where understanding the hole cleaning performance of various oil and water based drilling fluids is the aim. The experiments have been performed under realistic conditions. The flow loop includes a 10 meter long test section with 2″ OD freely rotating drillstring inside a 4″ ID wellbore made of concrete. Sand particles were injected while circulating the drilling fluid through the test section in horizontal position.

Flow Loop Investigation of Lubricant Concentration Effect on Mechanical Friction in Drilling Fluids

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan David Ytrehus ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Knud Richard Gyland ◽  
Bjørnar Lund ◽  
Sneha Sayindla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Test Section ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Steel Tubing ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Concrete Elements

A laboratory scale flow loop for drilling applications has been used for evaluating the effect of lubricants on skin friction during drilling and completion with oil based or low solids oil based fluids. The flow loop included a 10 meter long test section with 2″ OD free whirling rotating drill string inside a 4″ ID wellbore made of concrete elements positioned inside a steel tubing. A transparent part of the housing was located in the middle of the test section, separating two steel sections of equal length. The entire test section was mounted on a steel frame which can be tilted from horizontal to 30° inclination. The drilling fluids and additives in these experiments were similar to those used in specific fields in NCS. Friction coefficient was calculated from the measured torque for different flow velocities and rotational velocities and the force perpendicular to the surface caused by the buoyed weight of the string. The main objective of the article has been to quantify the effect on mechanical friction when applying different concentrations of an oil-based lubricant into an ordinary oil based drilling fluid and a low solids oil based drilling fluid used in a North Sea drilling and completion operation.

scholarly journals Analysis on the lateral vibration of drill string by mass effect of drilling fluid

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxu Yang ◽  
Ruihe Wang ◽  
Laiju Han ◽  
Qilong Xue
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Natural Vibration Frequency ◽  
Lateral Vibration ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Additional Mass ◽  
Mass Coefficient ◽  
Fluid Environment

Abstract. It is well known that the influence of the internal and external drilling fluid on the lateral vibration characteristics of drillstring cannot be ignored. In this paper, experiment apparatus for simulating drillstring vibration was established. Hammering method is used to measure drillstring lateral natural vibration frequency when the internal and external drilling fluid is considered. The test results show that the drilling fluid can decrease the natural frequency of the drillstring. Based on the simulation model, considering the influence of the internal and external drilling fluid, an external drilling fluid additional mass coefficient is derived considering the dynamic pressure effect caused by external drilling fluid. Additional mass coefficient can get the result with high precision, which can meet the needs of the project. the simulation results are in good agreement with the test results, and the error is within 2 %. This work provides a useful attempt and lays the foundation for the dynamics of the drill string in the drilling fluid environment.

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